Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders PDF
Preview Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders Vikas R. Dharnidharka Michael Green Steven A. Webber Ralf Ulrich Trappe Editors Second Edition 123 Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders Vikas R. Dharnidharka Michael Green • Steven A. Webber Ralf Ulrich Trappe Editors Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders Second Edition Editors Vikas R. Dharnidharka Michael Green Washington University School of Medicine UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh and St. Louis Children’s Hospital University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Saint Louis, MO Pittsburgh, PA USA USA Steven A. Webber Ralf Ulrich Trappe Vanderbilt University Medical Center Ev. Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen Nashville, TN German PTLD Study Group USA Bremen Germany ISBN 978-3-030-65402-3 ISBN 978-3-030-65403-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65403-0 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland We dedicate this book to the clinicians and scientists who came before us, who cared for transplant patients, and began the work of understanding the problem of PTLD; to the transplant recipients and their families that we care for who motivate these efforts; and to the colleagues we work with to provide care to our patients. Finally, we want to give a special thank you to our families and friends who put up with us and supported our efforts in preparing this book, and in all things: Pushpa, Ramnath, Dimple, Shrey, and Ria; Jenny, Dave, Erin, Molly, and Allison and my granddaughter Lyla; Hannah and Katie; Hanno, Heiner, Nina, and Petra. PTLD Book Second Edition Preface When we wrote the first edition of this book on post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders more than a decade ago, we recognized that the topic was of interest to a limited audience. As such, we did not know whether the inaugural edition would ever have a successor. To our pleasant surprise, the chapter downloads averaged about a 1000/year over the next 9 years, a heartening result. Combined with the significant influx of new knowledge in the field over the intervening time, we were very happy that Springer agreed to publish a second edition. For this second edition, the three original editors welcome Dr. Ralf Trappe as an editor. Dr. Trappe was the lead investigator on some of the most important PTLD trials conducted in the last 10 years, including the PTLD-1 trial and its offshoots. In this second edition, we have added a completely new part on PTLDs after hemato- poietic stem cell transplantation. Many new authors covering a wider range of coun- tries across the world have contributed their expertise. PTLD transcends multiple disciplines and demands a team approach to improve knowledge and treatment. The highly experienced internationally recognized authors have updated every part, plus added many new chapters, including on genetic abnormalities in virus and host seen in PTLDs. The newest PTLD classifica- tions and current treatment paradigms that reflect recently conducted international trials are fully incorporated. As technologies have advanced, we provide the state- of- the-art new diagnostic and prognostic information. Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders is designed to be a comprehen- sive reference guide that will be of great value to oncologists and all transplant professionals (surgeons, nephrologists, cardiologists, hepatologists/gastroenterolo- gists, pulmonologists, infectious disease specialists, pathologists) as well as interns and residents in training in these specialties. This book will provide these profes- sionals with comprehensive and up-to-date information that will guide their man- agement of transplant patients before and after transplant, with and without PTLD. St. Louis, MO, USA Vikas R. Dharnidharka Pittsburgh, PA, USA Michael Green Nashville, TN, USA Steven A. Webber Bremen, Germany Ralf Ulrich Trappe vii Contents 1 Introduction and History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Vikas R. Dharnidharka, Michael Green, Steven A. Webber, and Ralf Ulrich Trappe Part I Biology and Pathology 2 Definitions and Pathology of PTLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Steven H. Swerdlow and Steven A. Webber 3 EBV Biology in the Pathogenesis of PTLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Olivia M. Martinez 4 Host Genetic Mutations and Expression Analyses in PTLD . . . . . . . . . 39 Charlotte Lees and Maher K. Gandhi 5 Immune Responses to EBV in the Immunocompromised Host . . . . . . 51 Diana M. Metes 6 Technical Aspects of Epstein-Barr Viral Load Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Jutta K. Preiksaitis and Catherine Burton Part II C linical Considerations in Solid Organ Transplantation (SOT) 7 Epidemiology of PTLD After SOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Vikas R. Dharnidharka 8 Clinical Features and Diagnostic Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Upton D. Allen and Daan Dierickx 9 Prognostic Factors of PTLD after SOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Donald E. Tsai and Mitchell E. Hughes 10 Management of PTLD after SOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Ralf Ulrich Trappe and Steven A. Webber ix x Contents 11 Prevention of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and PTLD following SOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Michael Green and Sylvain Choquet Part III C linical Considerations in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) 12 Epidemiology and Prognosis of PTLD After HSCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Vikas R. Dharnidharka and Thomas G. Gross 13 Clinical Presentations and Features of PTLD After HSCT . . . . . . . . . 217 Britta Maecker-Kolhoff and Daan Dierickx 14 Management of PTLD After HSCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Patrizia Comoli and Jan Styczynski 15 Preventative and Preemptive Strategies for EBV Infection and PTLD After HSCT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Rayne H. Rouce, Lauren P. McLaughlin, Cliona M. Rooney, and Catherine M. Bollard Part IV O rgan Specific Considerations and Patient Outcomes 16 Organ-Specific Issues of PTLD – Kidney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Sophie Caillard and Britta Höcker 17 Organ Specific Issues of PTLD – Liver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Françoise Smets and Carlos O. Esquivel 18 PTLD in Intestinal Transplant Recipients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Ajai Khanna and George V. Mazariegos 19 PTLD After Heart Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Anne I. Dipchand and Michael McDonald 20 PTLD after Lung Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Allan R. Glanville and Gary Visner Part V The Future 21 Research Priorities and Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Vikas R. Dharnidharka, Michael Green, Steven A. Webber, and Ralf Ulrich Trappe Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Contributors Upton D. Allen Department of Paediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Catherine M. Bollard Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC, USA Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA Catherine Burton Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Sophie Caillard Nephrology-Transplantation Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France Sylvain Choquet Department of Clinical Hematology, APHP-Sorbonne University, Pitié- Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France Patrizia Comoli Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell Factory, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy Vikas R. Dharnidharka Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension and Pheresis, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA Daan Dierickx Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Anne I. Dipchand Labatt Family Heart Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Carlos O. Esquivel Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Maher K. Gandhi Blood Cancer Research Group, Mater Research, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Department of Haematology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia xi xii Contributors Allan R. Glanville The Lung Transplant Unit, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia Michael Green Departments of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Division of Infectious Diseases, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Thomas G. Gross Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA Britta Höcker Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Mitchell E. Hughes Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Ajai Khanna Division of Transplant Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Charlotte Lees Blood Cancer Research Group, Mater Research, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Britta Maecker-Kolhoff Hannover Medical School, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover, Germany Olivia M. Martinez Department of Surgery/Division of Transplantation and Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA George V. Mazariegos Division of Transplant Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Michael McDonald Department of Medicine, Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Program, Peter Muck Cardiac Centre/UHN Transplant, Division of Cardiology, Toronto, ON, Canada Lauren P. McLaughlin Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC, USA Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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