Post-Communist Transitional Justice PDF
Preview Post-Communist Transitional Justice
post-communist transitional justice Taking stock of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the collapse of the communist regimes of Central and Eastern Europe, this volume explores the ways these societieshavegrappledwiththeserioushumanrightsviolationsofpastregimes. Itfocusesonthemostimportantfactorsthathaveshapedthenature,speed,and sequenceoftransitionaljusticeprogramsintheperiodspanningthetumultuous revolutionsthatbroughtaboutthecollapseofthecommunistdictatorshipsandthe consolidationofnewdemocraticregimes.Contributorsexplainwhyleadersmade certainchoices,discussthechallengestheyfaced,andexploretheroleofunder studied actors and grassroots strategies. Written by recognized experts with an unparalleled grasp of the region’s communist and post-communist reality, this volumeaddressesfar-reachingreckoning,redress,andretributionpolicychoices. Itisanengagingandcarefullycraftedvolume,anditcoversawidevarietyofcases anddiscusseskeytransitionaljusticetheoriesusingbothqualitativeandquantita- tiveresearchmethods. Lavinia Stan is Associate Professor in the department of political science at St. FrancisXavierUniversity,Canada.Sheisanassociateeditorofthepeer-reviewed Women’sStudiesInternationalForumand,mostrecently,thecoauthororcoeditor of Transitional Justice in Post-Communist Romania (2013); Church, State and Democracy in the Expanding Europe (with Lucian Turcescu, 2011); and the three-volume Encyclopedia of Transitional Justice (with Nadya Nedelsky, 2013). Stanisalsotheauthorofmorethanfiftypeer-reviewedarticlespublishedinsuch venuesasthe EuropeanPoliticalScience Journal, ProblemsofPost-Communism, CommunistandPost-CommunistPolitics,andEurope-AsiaStudies. Nadya Nedelsky is Associate Professor of International Studies at Macalester College. She is the author of Defining the Sovereign Community: National Identity, Individual Rights, and Minority Membership in the Czech and Slovak Republics (2009) and the coeditor of the three-volume Encyclopedia of TransitionalJustice(withLaviniaStan,2013).Sheisauthorofthenationalreport ontheCzechandSlovakrepublicstitledHowtheMemoryofCrimesCommittedby TotalitarianRegimesinEuropeIsDealtwithintheMemberStatescommissioned by the European Commission Directorate-General for Justice, Freedom and Securityin2009aswellasarticlesandbookchaptersontransitionaljustice. Post-Communist Transitional Justice lessons from twenty-five years of experience edited by LAVINIA STAN St.FrancisXavierUniversity,Canada NADYA NEDELSKY MacalesterCollege 32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,ny10013-2473,usa CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107065567 #CambridgeUniversityPress2015 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2015 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. isbn978-1-107-06556-7Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof urlsforexternalorthird-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchWebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Contents ListofFigures,Tables,andPhotos pagevii ListofContributors ix Foreword xiii ConstantinGoschler Introduction:Post-CommunistTransitionalJusticeat25 1 NadyaNedelskyandLaviniaStan part i determinants of transitional justice 1 TransitionalJusticeandPoliticalGoods 7 BrianGrodsky 2 TransitionalJusticeasElectoralPolitics 30 RobertCleggAustin 3 ExplainingLateLustrationPrograms:Lessonsfromthe PolishCase 51 AleksSzczerbiak part ii the impact of transitional justice 4 TheAdoptionandImpactofTransitionalJustice 73 MoiraLynchandBridgetMarchesi 5 TransitionalJusticeEffectsintheCzechRepublic 97 RomanDavid part iii key challenges 6 TheTimingofTransitionalJusticeMeasures 123 CynthiaM.Horne v vi Contents 7 148 TheChallengeofCompetingPasts MonicaCiobanu 8 BeyondtheNational:PathwaysofDiffusion 167 HelgaA.Welsh 9 TheMythologizingofCommunistViolence 188 JelenaSubotic part iv history, justice, and public memory 10 Post-CommunistTruthCommissions:Between TransitionalJusticeandthePoliticsofHistory 213 AndrewH.Beattie 11 PublicMemory,Commemoration,andTransitional Justice:ReconfiguringthePastinPublicSpace 233 DuncanLightandCraigYoung 12 StoriesWeTell:DocumentaryTheatre,Performance,and JusticeinTransition 252 OliveraSimic´ 13 VigilanteJusticeandUnofficialTruthProjects 276 LaviniaStan Conclusion 296 NadyaNedelsky Bibliography 301 Index 333 Figures, Tables, and Photos figures 4.1 VettingPolicies–IncludesTransitionalYearsOnly page81 4.2 PredictedProbabilitybyResponseLevelofCIRI-EP 85 4.3 CumulativeExtensivenessIndexScore 89 5.1 ThePerceptionoftheObjectivesofTransitionalJusticeinthe CzechRepublic 108 5.2 PopularAssessmentofTransitionalJusticeMeasuresintheCzech Republic 109 5.3 TheOpinionMapoftheEfficiencyofTransitionalJustice Measures 111 6.1 TheRelationshipbetweentheTimingofReformsandTrustin Government 137 6.2 DemocratizationandtheTimingofReforms 140 Appendix1 DataSourcesandTransformations 143 8.1 Agents,DiffusionPathways,andEffects 169 tables 5.1 PopularAssessmentofTransitionalJusticeMeasuresintheCzech Republic 108 5.2 OLSLinearRegressionAnalysesofJusticeandReconciliation 110 6.1 TimingofFirstLustrationLaws 128 6.2 TheTimingofReforms:LustrationWaves 130 6.3 LustrationandTransitionalJusticeMeasuresandTrustin Government 135 6.4 TimingofLustrationandDemocracy(1997–2012;10countries) 139 vii viii List of Figures, Tables, and Photos photos 12.1 HeartefactFundandBelgrade’sBitefTheater,OriginalScenefrom Hypermnesia 259 12.2 HeartefactFundandBelgrade’sBitefTheater,OriginalScenefrom Hypermnesia 260 12.3 HeartefactFundandBelgrade’sBitefTheater,OriginalScenefrom Hypermnesia 261 12.4 DahTheatre,OriginalScenefromPresenceofAbsence 263 12.5 DahTheatre,OriginalScenefromPresenceofAbsence 265 12.6 DahTheatre,OriginalScenefromPresenceofAbsence 266 12.7 MostarskiTeatarMladih,OriginalScenefromSevenBreaths 268 12.8 MostarskiTeatarMladih,OriginalScenefromSevenBreaths 269 12.9 MostarskiTeatarMladih,OriginalScenefromSevenBreaths 270 Contributors Robert Clegg Austin – Professor at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto, Canada. His research interests are situated at the intersection of history and politics of Eastern Europe, state building, and transitional justice, with a focus on Albania. His book on Albania’s interwar experience,FoundingaBalkanState,waspublishedinOctober2012.Hehas alsopublishedextensivelyontransitionaljusticeinpost-communistAlbania. AndrewH.Beattie–SeniorLecturerinGermanandEuropeanStudiesatthe UniversityofNewSouthWalesinAustralia.Hisresearchexploresthewaysin whichGermanshavedealtwiththelegaciesofEastGermancommunismand Nazism, whether in memorials, museums, historiography, or transitional jus- tice. His PhD thesis, awarded the Jean Monnet Thesis Prize by the ContemporaryEuropeResearchCentre,Melbourne(2005),waspublishedas PlayingPoliticswithHistory:TheBundestagInquiriesintoEastGermany(2008). MonicaCiobanu–AssociateProfessorofSociology,StateUniversityofNew YorkatPlattsburgh.Herresearchfocusesondemocratization,memory,truth, andjusticeinpost-communism,withafocusonRomania.Herworkonpost- communisttransitionaljusticeincludesnumerousbookchaptersandarticles inpeer-reviewedjournals. RomanDavid–LecturerinPoliticalScience,NewcastleUniversity,England. He has published extensively on lustration, rehabilitation, and transitional justice in Eastern Europe and Iraq. His Lustration and Transitional Justice: PersonnelSystemsintheCzechRepublic,Hungary,andPoland(2012)wonthe AwardforConceptAnalysisfromtheInternationalPoliticalScienceAssociation. Constantin Goschler – Professor of Modern History at Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany. His research interests focus on the politics of memory ix
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