Post-Communist Democratization: Political Discourses Across Thirteen Countries

314 Pages·2002·1.24 MB·English

by  John S. Dryzek

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POST-COMMUNIST DEMOCRATIZATION
Democracyisnotjustamatterofconstitutions,parliaments,elections,parties,andthe
ruleof law.Inordertoseeiforhowdemocracyworks,wemustattendtowhatpeople
makeofit,andwhattheythinktheyaredoingastheyengagewithpolitics,oraspol-
iticsengagesthem.Thisbookexaminesthewaydemocracyanddemocratizationare
thoughtaboutandlivedbypeopleinChina,Russia,andelevenothercountriesinthe
post-communistworld.Itshowshowdemocraticpolitics(andsometimesauthoritarian
politics)worksinthesecountries,andgeneratesinsightsintotheprospectsfordifferent
kindsofpoliticaldevelopment.Theauthorsexploretheimplicationsforwhatisprobable
andpossibleintermsoftrajectoriesofpoliticalreform,andexaminefourroadstode-
mocratization:liberal,republican,participatory,andstatist.Thebookwillbeofinterest
tostudentsandscholarsofcomparativepolitics,politicaltheory,andpost-communist
studies.
john s. dryzekisProfessorofSocialandPoliticalTheoryintheResearchSchoolof
SocialSciencesattheAustralianNationalUniversity.HehasalsotaughtattheUniversities
ofOregonandMelbourne.Heistheauthorofanumberofbooksonenvironmental
politicsanddemocracy,mostrecentlyDeliberativeDemocracyandBeyond(2000),and
DemocracyinCapitalistTimes(1996).
leslie templeman holmesisProfessorofPoliticalScienceattheUniversityof
Melbourne.HisrecentbooksarePost-Communism(1997)andTheEndofCommunist
Power(1993).InAugust2000,hewaselectedPresidentoftheInternationalCouncilfor
CentralandEastEuropeanStudies(ICCEES)forafive-yearterm.
theories of institutional design
SeriesEditor
RobertE.Goodin
ResearchSchoolofSocialSciences
AustralianNationalUniversity
AdvisoryEditors
BrianBarry,RussellHardin,CarolePateman,BarryWeingast,
StephenElkin,ClausOffe,SusanRose-Ackerman
Socialscientistshaverediscoveredinstitutions.Theyhavebeenincreasinglyconcerned
with the myriad ways in which social and political institutions shape the patterns of
individualinteractionswhichproducesocialphenomena.Theyareequallyconcerned
withthewaysinwhichthoseinstitutionsemergefromsuchinteractions.
Thisseriesisdevotedtotheexplorationofthemorenormativeaspectsoftheseissues.
Whatmakesonesetofinstitutionsbetterthananother?How,ifatall,mightwemove
fromthelessdesirablesetofinstitutionstoamoredesirableset?Alongsidethequestions
ofwhatinstitutionswewoulddesign,ifweweredesigningthemafresh,arepragmatic
questionsofhowwecanbestgetfromheretothere:fromourpresentinstitutionsto
newrevitalizedones.
Theoriesofinstitutionaldesignisinsistentlymultidisciplinaryandinterdisciplinary,
bothintheinstitutionsonwhichitfocuses,andinthemethodologiesusedtostudy
them.Thereareinterestingsociologicalquestionstobeaskedaboutlegalinstitutions,
interestinglegalquestionstobeaskedabouteconomicinstitutions,andinterestingsocial,
economic,andlegalquestionstobeaskedaboutpoliticalinstitutions.Byjuxtaposing
theseapproachesinprint,thisseriesaimstoenrichnormativediscoursesurrounding
importantissuesofdesigningandredesigning,shapingandreshapingthesocial,political,
andeconomicinstitutionsofcontemporarysociety.
Otherbooksinthisseries
RobertE.Goodin(editor),TheTheoryofInstitutionalDesign
BrentFisseandJohnBraithwaite,Corporations,Crime,andAccountability
ItaiSened,ThePoliticalInstitutionofPrivateProperty
BoRothstein,JustInstitutionsMatter
Jon Elster, Claus Offe, and Ulrich Preuss, Institutional Design in Post-Communist
Societies:RebuildingtheShipatSea
MarkBovens,TheQuestforResponsibility
GeoffreyBrennanandAlanHamlin,DemocraticDevicesandDesires
AdrienneHeritier,Policy-MakingandDiversityinEurope:EscapefromDeadlock
EricPatashnik,PuttingTrustintheUSBudget:FederalTrustFundsandthePolitics
ofCommitment
POST-COMMUNIST
DEMOCRATIZATION
Political discourses across
thirteen countries
JOHN S. DRYZEK
AustralianNationalUniversity
and
LESLIE TEMPLEMAN HOLMES
UniversityofMelbourne
         
The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK
40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA
477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia
Ruiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain
Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
http://www.cambridge.org
©John S. Dryzek and Leslie T. Holmes 2004
First published in printed format 2002
ISBN 0-511-02895-4 eBook (Adobe Reader)
ISBN 0-521-80664-X hardback
ISBN 0-521-00138-2 paperback
Contents
Listofillustrations pagevii
Preface ix
Anoteonauthorshipcredit xii
PartI: Introduction 1
1 Thediscoursesofdemocratictransition 3
2 Methodology 20
PartII: Pre-transitioncountries 31
3 China 33
(withYaliPeng)
4 Yugoslavia 57
(withSinisˇaNikolin)
PartIII: Haltingtransitions 77
5 Belarus 79
6 Russia 92
(withTatianaRogovskaia)
7 Ukraine 114
(withVictorHohotsandKyryloLoukerenko)
PartIV: Transitiontornbywar 131
8 Armenia 133
v
vi CONTENTS
9 Georgia 147
10 Moldova 158
PartV: Latedevelopers 171
11 Slovakia 173
(withStefanAuerandAntoanetaDimitrova)
12 Romania 190
(withBogdanChiritoiu)
13 Bulgaria 206
(withAntoanetaDimitrova)
PartVI: Trailblazers 223
14 Poland 225
15 Czechia 240
PartVII: Conclusions 253
16 Differencesthatmatter–andthosethatdonot 255
References 274
Index 291
Illustrations
Figures
2.1 Qsorttemplate,sixty-fourstatements page22
Tables
2.1 Matrixapplyingpoliticaldiscourseanalysisto
samplingstatementsfromaconcourse 26
3.1 StatementscoresonfourfactorsforChina 35
3.2 SubjectloadingsonfactorsforChina 42
4.1 StatementscoresonthreefactorsforYugoslavia 63
4.2 SubjectloadingsonfactorsforYugoslavia 68
5.1 StatementscoresontwofactorsforBelarus 84
5.2 SubjectloadingsonfactorsforBelarus 89
6.1 StatementscoresonthreefactorsforRussia 97
6.2 SubjectloadingsonfactorsforRussia 104
7.1 StatementscoresonthreefactorsforUkraine 119
7.2 SubjectloadingsonfactorsforUkraine 124
8.1 StatementscoresonthreefactorsforArmenia 139
8.2 SubjectloadingsonfactorsforArmenia 144
9.1 StatementscoresonthreefactorsforGeorgia 150
9.2 SubjectloadingsonfactorsforGeorgia 153
10.1 StatementscoresontwofactorsforMoldova 162
10.2 SubjectloadingsonfactorsforMoldova 167
11.1 StatementscoresontwofactorsforSlovakia 180
11.2 SubjectloadingsonfactorsforSlovakia 185
vii
viii ILLUSTRATIONS
12.1 StatementscoresonthreefactorsforRomania 196
12.2 SubjectloadingsonfactorsforRomania 199
13.1 StatementscoresonthreefactorsforBulgaria 212
13.2 SubjectloadingsonfactorsforBulgaria 216
14.1 StatementscoresonthreefactorsforPoland 230
14.2 SubjectloadingsonfactorsforPoland 234
15.1 StatementscoresontwofactorsforCzechia 244
15.2 SubjectloadingsforfactorsforCzechia 247
16.1 Summaryofpost-communistdiscourses 264