Post- Borderlandia Latinidad Transnational Cultures in the United States This series publishes books that deepen and expand our understand- ing of Latina/o populations, especially in the context of their trans- national relationships within the Americas. Focusing on borders and boundary crossings, broadly conceived, the series is committed to publishing scholarship in history, film and media, literary and cultural studies, public policy, economics, sociology, and anthropol- ogy. Inspired by interdisciplinary approaches, m ethods, and theories developed out of the study of transborder lives, cultures, and expe- riences, titles enrich our understanding of trans national dynamics. Matt Garcia, Series Editor, Professor of Latin American, Latino & Caribbean Studies, and History, Dartmouth College For a list of titles in the series, see the last page of the book. Post- Borderlandia Chicana Literature and Gender Variant Critique T. Jackie Cuevas Rutgers University Press New Brunswick, Camden, and Newark, New Jersey, and London 978-0-8135-9453-8 978-0-8135-9452-1 978-0-8135-9454-5 Cataloging-in-Publication data is available from the Library of Congress. A British Cataloging- in- Publication record for this book is available from the British Library. Copyright © 2018 by T. Jackie Cuevas All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Please contact Rutgers University Press, 106 Somerset Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901. The only exception to this prohibition is “fair use” as defined by U.S. copyright law. c The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences— Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48– 1992. www .rutgersuniversitypress .org Manufactured in the United States of America For the antepasadas: Minnie Ana And for the next generation: Avital Contents Preface and Acknowledgments ix Introduction: Gender Variance and the Post- Borderlands 1 1. Chicana Masculinities 27 2. Ambiguous Chicanx Bodies 56 3. Transing Chicanidad 77 4. Brokeback Rancho 100 Conclusion: From a Long Line of Marimachas 118 Notes 141 Bibliography 153 Index 165 vii Preface and Acknowledgments The seedlings for this project emerged as poems the year Gloria E. Anzaldúa died and morphed into the scholarly version of my hope- ful effort to do what she called “work that matters.” Many pages of this book were written or revised while I stared out at the waves from my cherished spot on the Gulf of Mexico amid the laughing gulls, brown pelicans, roseate spoonbills, and Ridley sea turtles of Padre Island. The Gulf has always been there for me, through sev- eral degrees, through unexpected upheavals as well as joys. During the making of this book, my altar grew increasingly crowded after the death of several dear friends, including several writer friends who had urged me to write more. Ana Sisnett, Raúl Salinas, Camile Pahwa, Chinwe Odeluga, Amy Young, Devin Zim- merman, Laura Padilla, and Maggie Jochild left indelible marks. And my colleagues Cynthia Hawkins and Catherine Kasper will be missed. Ana Sisnett, in particular, would have relished holding this book in her hands and telling me why it matters. Ana would have keenly understood how it was not merely my engagement with literature and queer theory but also my own engagement with gender variance that certainly informs this work. Like my own gender journey, this book has had many iterations and transformations. Perhaps this book grew from being a curious tomboy to a studious girly teen to a well-m eaning young butch to a genderqueer butch Xicanx academic with an extensive collection of guayaberas and wingtips. During the course of writing this book, shifting terms and times have made it challenging to attend to the many nuances and ix