Post-Agricultural Succession in the Neotropics PDF
Preview Post-Agricultural Succession in the Neotropics
Post-Agricultural Succession in the Neotropics Randall W. Myster Editor Post-Agricultural Succession in the Neotropics RandallW.Myster EcosystemsStudies InstituteforTropicalEcosystemsStudies UniversityofPuertoRicoatRioPiedras POBox21910 SanJuan,PR00931–1910 [email protected] ISBN:978-0-387-33641-1 e-ISBN:978-0-387-33642-8 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2007937949 (cid:2)c 2008SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC Allrightsreserved.Thisworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthewritten permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA),except forbrief excerpts inconnection with reviews orscholarly analysis. Usein connectionwithanyformofinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware, orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdevelopedisforbidden. Theuseinthispublicationoftradenames,trademarks,servicemarksandsimilarterms,eveniftheyare notidentifiedassuch,isnottobetakenasanexpressionofopinionastowhetherornottheyaresubject toproprietaryrights. Printedonacid-freepaper. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com To Olia,forallher loveandsupport “Seek simplicity,butdistrustit.” Alfred NorthWhitehead Preface It was 1985, and I remember walking into the office of Peter Morin at Rutgers University. He told me of some boxes with computer punch cards that had been littering his office for years and of his desire to get rid of them. Because of my backgroundincomputerscience,IsaidIwouldtakealook.Thecardswereinbad shape:moldy,brokeninplaces,andfullofcockroachesthatwerelivingonwhatwas leftoftherubberbandsthatoncehadheldthemtogether.ThiswastheBuell-Small successionaldata set. Icleanedupthecards,ranthem throughanoldcard-reader, andfinally transferredthedata ontomagnetictapewhichI couldaccess usingmy officecomputer. While I was at Rutgers, I also managed to add five years to the data set by going out to Hutcheson Memorial Forest with Steward Pickett and others where we sampled the old fields that comprised the Buell-Small study. Accompanying uswasakindlyandcheerfuloldwoman,thelastsurvivingmemberoftheteamof scientistswhohadtheforesighttosetupthosepermanentplotsinthelate1950sand early1960s.HernamewasHelenBuell.Shehadaninfectioussenseofhumor—her bumper-stickerread“IbrakeforVerbascum”—whichcameinhandyaswecrawled through rose bushes and prickly raspberries. I have heard she is gone now, but I wouldliketorememberherhere. Inspired by the work with the Buell-Small data set, I set up post-agricultural plotsintheNeotropicsthatarereportedoninseveralpapersandinthefirstchapter ofthisbook.Ibelieve,asmanyothersdo,thatsuchplotsarecriticaltoacomplete understanding of vegetative changes after agriculture. I hope that those data and other data analyzed and interpreted by the authors of the present book will be a valuable contribution to this scientific undertaking, as has been true for the data fromtheplotssetupsomanyyearsagointhetemperatefieldsofNewJersey. R.W.M. vii Contents Part I Patterns of Living and Non-living Components ofOldFieldsAfterAbandonment 1 Introduction ................................................ 3 RandallW.Myster 2 TrendsinAboveandBelowgroundCarbonwithForestRegrowth AfterAgriculturalAbandonmentintheNeotropics............... 22 ErikaMarín-Spiotta,DanielaF.Cusack,RebeccaOstertag andWhendeeL.Silver 3 PostSugarCaneSuccessioninMoistAlluvialSitesinPuertoRico... 73 OscarAbelleiraMartínezandArielE.Lugo 4 SoilFungiandMacrofaunaintheNeotropics .................... 93 YiqingLiandGrizelleGonzález 5 EarthwormsandPost-AgriculturalSuccession ................... 115 GrizelleGonzález,ChingYuHuangandShu-ChunChuang Part II Mechanisms and Tolerances that Cause Plant-Plant ReplacementsProducingOldFieldVegetationPatterns 6 Factors Affecting the Species Richness and Composition ofNeotropicalSecondarySuccession:ACaseStudyofAbandoned AgriculturalLandinPanama ................................. 141 ElaineR.Hooper 7 Seed Dispersal by Cattle: Natural History and Applications toNeotropicalForestRestorationandAgroforestry............... 165 ClaraLuzMiceli-Méndez,BruceG.Ferguson andNeptalíRamírez-Marcial ix x Contents 8 TheRolesofDisperserBehaviorandPhysicalHabitatStructure inRegenerationofPost-AgriculturalFields ..................... 192 K.GregMurray,KathyWinnett-Murray,JasonRoberts, KatherineHorjus,WilliamA.Haber,WillowZuchowski, MarkKuhlmannandTammyM.Long-Robinson 9 NeotropicPost-DispersalSeedPredation ........................ 216 RandallW.Myster 10 Facilitation Versus Competition in Neotropical Old-Fields: ACaseStudyAfterPinustaedaCultivationinBrazil ............. 221 GisleneGanade,LessandraZaniniandIngoHübel 11 Recruitment of Dry Forest Tree Species in Central BrazilPastures ............................................. 231 AldicirScariot,DanielL.M.Vieira,AlexandreB.Sampaio, ErnestinoGuarinoandAndersonSevilha Part III Restoration, Management, and the Future ofPost-AgriculturalAreas 12 Microbial Biomass in Native Amazonian Ecosystems andIts Adaptationto Deforestationand Pasture Introduction andManagement ........................................... 247 BrigitteJ.Feigl,CarlosEduardoP.Cerri,CarlosC.Cerri andMarisaC.Piccolo 13 Management for Sustainability and Restorationof Degraded PasturesintheNeotropics .................................... 265 FlorenciaMontagnini 14 Conclusions,Synthesis,andFutureDirections.................... 296 RandallW.Myster Index.......................................................... 305 List of Contributors CarlosC.Cerri BruceG.Ferguson Centro de Energia Nuclear na ElColegiodelaFronteraSurCarretera Agricultura(CENA) PanamericanayPeriféricoSurs-n UniversidadedeSaoPaulo BarrioMa.AuxiliadoraSanCristóbal CP.96,13400-970 deLasCasas Piracicaba,(SP),Brazil Chiapas MéxicoCP29260 CarlosEduardoP.Cerri Centro de Energia Nuclear na GisleneGanade Agricultura(CENA) LaboratóriodeEcologia UniversidadedeSaoPaulo daRestauraçãoBiologia CP.96,13400-970 UniversidadedoValedoRiodosSinos Piracicaba,(SP),Brazil CP275,SãoLeopoldo RS,Brasil93022-000 Shu-ChunChuang InstituteofZoology GrizelleGonzález NationalTaiwanUniversity InternationalInstitute No.1RooseveltRoad ofTropicalForestry Section4,Taipei106 USDAForestService Taiwan 1201CeibaSt. SanJuan,PR00926-1115 DanielaCusack DepartmentofEnvironmentalScience, ErnestinoGuarino Policy&Management Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley Biotecnologia 137MulfordHall#3114 ParqueEstaçãoBiológica-PqEB-Av. Berkeley,CA94720-3114 W5Norte(final) CaixaPostal02372 BrigitteJ.Feigl 70770-900BrasíliaDF–Brazil Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura(CENA) WilliamA.Haber UniversidadedeSaoPaulo Apartado50-5655 CP.96,13400-970 MonteverdedePuntarenas Piracicaba,(SP),Brazil CostaRica xi xii ListofContributors ElaineR.Hooper ArielE.Lugo DepartmentofForestry InternationalInstitute andEnvironmentalStudies ofTropicalForestry YaleUniversity USDAForestService 210ProspectSt CeibaStreet1201 NewHaven,CT06511 JardínBotánicoSur RíoPiedrasPR00926-1115 KatherineHorjus ErikaMarín-Spiotta DepartmentofEcology DepartmentofEnvironmentalScience, andEvolutionaryBiology Policy&Management UniversityofCalifornia UniveristyofCalifornia,Berkeley SantaCruz,CA95062 Currentaddress: U.C.SantaCruz,Rm.2125, ChingYuHuang USDA/ARS InstituteofEcology 800BuchananSt. UniversityofGeorgia Albany,CA94710 Athens,GA,USA OscarAbelleiraMartínez IngoHübel InternationalInstitute LaboratóriodeEcologiada ofTropicalForestry Restauração,Biologia USDAForestService UniversidadedoValedoRiodos CeibaStreet1201 Sinos,CP275 JardínBotánicoSur SãoLeopoldo RíoPiedras,PR00926-1115 RS,Brasil93022-000 ClaraLuzMiceli-Méndez MarkKuhlmann ElColegiodelaFronteraSurCarretera DepartmentofBiology PanamericanayPeriféricoSurs-n HartwickCollege BarrioMa.Auxiliadora WestStreet,Oneonta SanCristóbaldeLasCasas NewYork13820 Chiapas,México CP29260 YiqingLi FlorenciaMontagnini CollegeofAgriculture, SchoolofForestry Forestry and Natural Resources andEnvironmentalStudies Management YaleUniversity UniversityofHawaii 370ProspectSt 200W.KawiliSt. NewHaven,CT06511 Hilo,HI96720 K.GregMurray TammyM.Long-Robinson DepartmentofBiology 12024E.PleasantLake HopeCollege Manchester,MI48158 Holland,MI49423
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