Positron Emission Tomography - Curr Clinical, Research Aspects

346 Pages·2012·15.418 MB·English

by  C. Hsieh

POSITRON EMISSION
TOMOGRAPHY –
CURRENT CLINICAL AND
RESEARCH ASPECTS

Edited by Chia-Hung Hsieh
Positron Emission Tomography – Current Clinical and Research Aspects
Edited by Chia-Hung Hsieh

Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia

Copyright © 2012 InTech
All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for
commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which
ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work
has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in
any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the
work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify
the original source.

As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published
chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly
credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications.

Notice
Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors
and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the
accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no
responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any
materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.

Publishing Process Manager Martina Durovic
Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer InTech Design Team

First published February, 2012
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]

Positron Emission Tomography – Current Clinical and Research Aspects,
Edited by Chia-Hung Hsieh
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-307-824-3

Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 Imaging Processing, Kinetic Modeling and Software 1
Chapter 1 Virtual PET Scanner – From Simulation in GATE
to a Final Multiring Albira PET/SPECT/CT Camera 3
M. Balcerzyk, L. Caballero, C. Correcher,
A. Gonzalez, C. Vazquez, J.L. Rubio, G. Kontaxakis,
M.A. Pozo and J.M. Benlloch
Chapter 2 Rationale, Instrumental Accuracy,
and Challenges of PET Quantification for Tumor
Segmentation in Radiation Treatment Planning 27
Assen S. Kirov, C. Ross Schmidtlein, Hyejoo Kang and Nancy Lee
Chapter 3 Kinetic Modelling in Human Brain Imaging 55
Natalie Nelissen, James Warwick and Patrick Dupont
Chapter 4 Free Software for PET Imaging 85
Roberto de la Prieta
Part 2 Radiopharmaceuticals 113
Chapter 5 Pd0–Mediated Rapid C–[11C]Methylation and
C–[18F]Fluoromethylation: Revolutionary
Advanced Methods for General Incorporation
of Short–Lived Positron–Emitting 11C and
18F Radionuclides in an Organic Framework 115
Masaaki Suzuki, Hiroko Koyama,
Misato Takashima-Hirano and Hisashi Doi
Chapter 6 Emerging Technologies for
Decentralized Production of PET Tracers 153
Pei Yuin Keng, Melissa Esterby and R. Michael van Dam
VI Contents

Chapter 7 Specific Activity of 11C-Labelled Radiotracers:
A Big Challenge for PET Chemists 183
Vanessa Gómez-Vallejo, Vijay Gaja,
Jacek Koziorowski and Jordi Llop
Part 3 Clinical Application and Diagnosis 211
Chapter 8 Potential of Positron Emission Tomography
for Neurogenic Tumors and Spinal Disorders 213
Kenichiro Kakutani, Koichiro Maeno, Yuki Iwama,
Masahiro Kurosaka and Kotaro Nishida
Chapter 9 [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron
Emission Tomography in Alzheimer
Disease and Related Disorders 225
Nobuhiko Miyazawa and Toyoaki Shinohara
Chapter 10 Amyloid Imaging PET Ligands as Biomarkers
for Alzheimer’s Disease, Preclinical Evaluation 255
Marie Svedberg, Ewa Hellström-Lindahl,
Obaidur Rahman and Håkan Hall
Chapter 11 Monitoring of Chemotherapy
Response in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma 275
Tatsuo Kimura, Shinzoh Kudoh and Kazuto Hirata
Chapter 12 Tumour Markers and Molecular Imaging with
FDG PET/CT in Breast Cancer: Their Combination
for Improving the Prediction of Disease Relapse 291
Laura Evangelista, Zora Baretta, Lorenzo Vinante,
Guido Sotti and Pier Carlo Muzzio
Chapter 13 Glucose Uptake During Exercise in Skeletal Muscles
Evaluated by Positron Emission Tomography 319
Hiroyuki Shimada

Preface

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technology for examining
the molecular basis of normal biological functions of cells and their failure from
diseases. By using radio-labelled tracers, four-dimensional (4D) images can be
reconstructed by a computer. This computer shows the concentration and location of
the tracer of interest, and noninvasively observes the changes of interesting molecular
targets in living subjects. Therefore, PET plays a critical role in the era of molecular
medicine because it allows for earlier diagnosis and better management of patients
with various diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, mental diseases,
and metabolic disorders.
This book’s stated purpose is to provide a discussion of the technical basis and clinical
applications of PET, as well as their recent progress in nuclear medicine. It also
summarizes current literature about research and clinical science in PET. The book is
intended not only for scientists, but also clinicians seeking recent information
regarding PET imaging processing, kinetic modelling, free software,
radiopharmaceuticals, clinical application, and diagnosis. The authors are qualified
experts in the fields of physics, chemistry, technology, and medicine. They introduce
each concept clearly, and they provide new research data and valuable experiences in
their respective areas. We hope that both clinicians and scientists find this work useful
and stimulating.
Finally, I would like to acknowledge the contributions of the authors and the team of
the Publishing Process Management at InTech - Open Access Publisher. Additionally, I
would like to thank Ms. Jean Hung and Dr. Chi-Wei Chang for review assistance.

Dr. Chia-Hung Hsieh, PhD
Associate Professor,
China Medical University and Hospital,
Taiwan