Portuguese: Learn Portuguese In 21 DAYS! - A Practical Guide To Make Portuguese Look Easy! EVEN For Beginners

1267 Pages·2016·1.17 MB·English

Portuguese:

Learn Portuguese In 21 DAYS!

A Practical Guide To Make Portuguese
Look Easy! EVEN For Beginners
Table of Contents

Introduction
Chapter 1: The Portuguese Alphabet
Chapter 2: Pronunciation Guide (1/2)
Chapter 3: Pronunciation Guide (2/2)
Chapter 4: Greetings and Basic Phrases
Chapter 5: Portuguese Numbers (Números)
Cardinal Numbers
Ordinal Numbers
Chapter 6: Months, Days, and Seasons
Chapter 7: Time and Date (Hora e Data)
Chapter 8: Colors in Portuguese (Cores)
Chapter 9: Word Order
Chapter 10: Capitalization and Punctuation
Chapter 11: Articles (Artigos)
Chapter 12: Nouns (Substantivos)
Masculine Nouns
Feminine Nouns
Chapter 13: Invariable Nouns
Forming Plural Nouns
Chapter 14: Pronouns (Pronomes)
Subject Pronouns (Pronomes Pessoais)
Direct Object Pronouns
Chapter 15: Reflexive Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives
Demonstrative Pronouns and Demonstrative Adjectives
Interrogative Pronouns
Chapter 16: Adjectives (Adjetivos)
IrregularAdjectives
Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms
Most Commonly Used Portuguese Adjectives
Chapter 17:Verbs (Verbos)
The Indicative Mood Tenses
Imperative Mood
Subjunctive Mood
The Conditional Mood
Chapter 18: Adverbs (Advérbios)
Chapter 19: Prepositions (Preposições)
Chapter 20: Useful Phrases
Chapter 21: Vocabulary
Conclusion
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Introduction

This book contains 21 highly-informative chapters on the fundamentals of
Portuguese grammar and communication. Each chapter is designed to provide
self-learners a complete yet compact learning material that will help them speak
the language with ease in a very short time. It addresses the needs of travellers,
students, entrepreneurs, and professionals for a grammar reference and phrase
book in one resource.

Each chapter features tables, charts, and relevant examples to make learning the
Portuguese language an interesting and enjoyable experience.

The first 8 chapters deal with the basic things every speaker should know: the
alphabet, pronunciation, numbers, months and days, seasons, telling time and
date, colors, and basic survival phrases for getting around in a Portuguese-
speaking country.

The succeeding chapters deal with the essential aspects of grammar including
sentence construction and the different parts of speech.

The book winds up with a chapter on key travel phrases and a final chapter of
vocabulary listings for daily conversations.

Language learners will find this book an invaluable reference for learning the
European and the Brazilian branches of the Portuguese language.

Let’s begin the journey.
Chapter 1: The Portuguese Alphabet

Portuguese is a Roman language spoken in Portugal, Brazil, Mozambique,
Angola, Guinea-Bissau, East Timor, São Tomé e Principe, Cape Verde, Macau,
and Equatorial Guinea. It is also spoken by small communities in India and
Malaysia.

Portuguese descended from the Latin language (Vulgar Latin) which became the
predominant langauge at the time of the Roman invasion of the Iberian
Peninsula. The language gradually evolved in the Atlantic coast territories into
what was known as Galician-Portuguese language. It would later split in
Galician and Portuguese languages when Galicia was incorporated into Spain
and as Portugal developed independently. King Dinis I of Portugal decared the
use of Portuguese language as the official language in 1290.

In 1911, Portugal adopted a reformed orthography, which introduced major
changes in the spelling. The revised standard was used officially in Portugal and
its then territories that included the now independent countries like
Mozambique, Angola, East Timor, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe,
Guinea-Bissau, Macau, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Goa, Diu, and Daman of
India. Brazil would later adopt a slightly modified form of Portugal’s
orthography 1n 1943 which was eventually revised in 1970. In 2009, Brazil
introduced a new orthography with the purpose of unifying written Portuguese
among the lusophone countries. Its adoption in other Portuguese-speaking
countries has not been set.

Portuguese is spoken by about 230 million people. Of this, about 190 million are
from Brazil. There are notable differences between European Portuguese and
Brazilian Portuguese in terms of pronunciation, spelling, and vocabulary but
these are overshadowed by many similarities.

The Portuguese alphabet is Latin-based and consists of 23 letters. In addition, it
uses three letters (k,w,y) excusively for foreign-derived words.

European Brazilian
Letter
Letter Letter
Name Name
Aa á á
Bb bê bê
Cc cê cê
Dd dê dê
Ee é é or ê
Ff efe efe
Gg gê or guê gê
Hh agá agá
Ii i i
Jj jota jota
Kk capa cá
Ll ele ele
Mm eme eme
Nn ene ene
Oo ó ó or ô
Pp pê pê
Qq quê quê
Rr erre or rê erre
Ss esse esse
Tt tê tê
Uu u u
Vv vê vê
dâblio or duplo dáblio or duplo
Ww
vê vê
Xx xis xis
ípsilon or i
Yy ípsilon
grego
Zz zê zê
Chapter 2: Pronunciation Guide (1/2)

Diacritical marks are symbols that indicate how a word should be pronounced.
In some cases, they are used to clarify a word’s meaning and usage. The
Portuguese language uses a number of diacritical marks.

Diacritical Marks
The tilde is used to indicate a nasal
˜
sound
An acute accent indicates stress on a
´
syllable and an open vowel sound
A circumflex indicates stress and
ˆ close vowel sound on the marked
syllable
A grave (grahv) mark indicates
`
contraction of two words
A cedilla is used to denote soft (s
¸ sound) pronunciation for the letter
"c"
Diaresis or umlauts on the letter "u"
denotes a "qw" and “gw” sound
when placed after “q” and “g”
respectively.

Acute (´) and circumflex (ˆ) symbols are used to indicate stress on the marked
syllables while the grave, cedilla, and diaeresis modify pronunciation. Tilde is
only used to indicate nasal pronunciation and stress in words with ã ending. The
diaeresis mark is now considered obsolete with the effectivity of the
orthographic agreement in 2009. Its use is presently limited to borrowed words
and personal names.

Vowel Sounds
Sounds
Vowel Sounds Example
like:
the "a"
a unstressed santana
in beta
stressed
before a the "a"
a guarda
nasal in beta
consonant
stressed
before the "a"
a crato
other in cat
consonants
the "a"
á stressed a calix
in father
nasal the "an"
ã não
sound in angry
eh, the "e"
e loures
unstressed in net
the "e"
é eh, stressed pinhel
in let
the "ey"
ê ey bêbado
in they
êm,
nasal the "e"
em, em
sound in end
ém
the "ee"
i ee dizer
in week
the "oo"
in loot
o unstressed corvo
but
shorter
the "o"
ó stressed o próprio
in law
the "o"
ô o avô
in sore
close to
"on" in
õ canções
French
bon
the "oo"
u oo usar
in look
Chapter 3: Pronunciation Guide (2/2)

Consonant Sounds
Sounds
Consonants Examples
like
the"b"
b borba
in boy
hard before the"c"
c carro
a,o,u in car
soft before the "s"
c certo
e,i in sand
soft before the "s"
ç aço
a,o,u in sun
the "d"
d dar
in desk
between the "th"
d idade
vowels in this
the "f"
f penafiel
in fit
hard before the "g"
g gato
a,o,u in go
the "s"
soft, before
g in gente
e,i
leisure
hard before the "g"
gu água
a,o,u in get
soft before the "g"
gu guia
e and i in guide
hard before the "qu"
qu quando
a,o,u in quick
the "qu"
soft before
qu in que
e and i
quiche
silent at
the start
h
of a
word
the "su"
j in já
pleasure
the "l"
l alandroal
in leap