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Portuguese: Learn Portuguese In 21 DAYS! - A Practical Guide To Make Portuguese Look Easy! EVEN For Beginners PDF

1267 Pages·2016·1.17 MB·English
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Portuguese: Learn Portuguese In 21 DAYS! A Practical Guide To Make Portuguese Look Easy! EVEN For Beginners Table of Contents Introduction Chapter 1: The Portuguese Alphabet Chapter 2: Pronunciation Guide (1/2) Chapter 3: Pronunciation Guide (2/2) Chapter 4: Greetings and Basic Phrases Chapter 5: Portuguese Numbers (Números) Cardinal Numbers Ordinal Numbers Chapter 6: Months, Days, and Seasons Chapter 7: Time and Date (Hora e Data) Chapter 8: Colors in Portuguese (Cores) Chapter 9: Word Order Chapter 10: Capitalization and Punctuation Chapter 11: Articles (Artigos) Chapter 12: Nouns (Substantivos) Masculine Nouns Feminine Nouns Chapter 13: Invariable Nouns Forming Plural Nouns Chapter 14: Pronouns (Pronomes) Subject Pronouns (Pronomes Pessoais) Direct Object Pronouns Chapter 15: Reflexive Pronouns Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives Demonstrative Pronouns and Demonstrative Adjectives Interrogative Pronouns Chapter 16: Adjectives (Adjetivos) IrregularAdjectives Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms Most Commonly Used Portuguese Adjectives Chapter 17:Verbs (Verbos) The Indicative Mood Tenses Imperative Mood Subjunctive Mood The Conditional Mood Chapter 18: Adverbs (Advérbios) Chapter 19: Prepositions (Preposições) Chapter 20: Useful Phrases Chapter 21: Vocabulary Conclusion Bonus: Preview Of “Spanish: Learn Spanish in 21 DAYS! – A Practical Guide To Make Spanish Look Easy! EVEN For Beginners” Introduction This book contains 21 highly-informative chapters on the fundamentals of Portuguese grammar and communication. Each chapter is designed to provide self-learners a complete yet compact learning material that will help them speak the language with ease in a very short time. It addresses the needs of travellers, students, entrepreneurs, and professionals for a grammar reference and phrase book in one resource. Each chapter features tables, charts, and relevant examples to make learning the Portuguese language an interesting and enjoyable experience. The first 8 chapters deal with the basic things every speaker should know: the alphabet, pronunciation, numbers, months and days, seasons, telling time and date, colors, and basic survival phrases for getting around in a Portuguese- speaking country. The succeeding chapters deal with the essential aspects of grammar including sentence construction and the different parts of speech. The book winds up with a chapter on key travel phrases and a final chapter of vocabulary listings for daily conversations. Language learners will find this book an invaluable reference for learning the European and the Brazilian branches of the Portuguese language. Let’s begin the journey. Chapter 1: The Portuguese Alphabet Portuguese is a Roman language spoken in Portugal, Brazil, Mozambique, Angola, Guinea-Bissau, East Timor, São Tomé e Principe, Cape Verde, Macau, and Equatorial Guinea. It is also spoken by small communities in India and Malaysia. Portuguese descended from the Latin language (Vulgar Latin) which became the predominant langauge at the time of the Roman invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. The language gradually evolved in the Atlantic coast territories into what was known as Galician-Portuguese language. It would later split in Galician and Portuguese languages when Galicia was incorporated into Spain and as Portugal developed independently. King Dinis I of Portugal decared the use of Portuguese language as the official language in 1290. In 1911, Portugal adopted a reformed orthography, which introduced major changes in the spelling. The revised standard was used officially in Portugal and its then territories that included the now independent countries like Mozambique, Angola, East Timor, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guinea-Bissau, Macau, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Goa, Diu, and Daman of India. Brazil would later adopt a slightly modified form of Portugal’s orthography 1n 1943 which was eventually revised in 1970. In 2009, Brazil introduced a new orthography with the purpose of unifying written Portuguese among the lusophone countries. Its adoption in other Portuguese-speaking countries has not been set. Portuguese is spoken by about 230 million people. Of this, about 190 million are from Brazil. There are notable differences between European Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese in terms of pronunciation, spelling, and vocabulary but these are overshadowed by many similarities. The Portuguese alphabet is Latin-based and consists of 23 letters. In addition, it uses three letters (k,w,y) excusively for foreign-derived words. European Brazilian Letter Letter Letter Name Name Aa á á Bb bê bê Cc cê cê Dd dê dê Ee é é or ê Ff efe efe Gg gê or guê gê Hh agá agá Ii i i Jj jota jota Kk capa cá Ll ele ele Mm eme eme Nn ene ene Oo ó ó or ô Pp pê pê Qq quê quê Rr erre or rê erre Ss esse esse Tt tê tê Uu u u Vv vê vê dâblio or duplo dáblio or duplo Ww vê vê Xx xis xis ípsilon or i Yy ípsilon grego Zz zê zê Chapter 2: Pronunciation Guide (1/2) Diacritical marks are symbols that indicate how a word should be pronounced. In some cases, they are used to clarify a word’s meaning and usage. The Portuguese language uses a number of diacritical marks. Diacritical Marks The tilde is used to indicate a nasal ˜ sound An acute accent indicates stress on a ´ syllable and an open vowel sound A circumflex indicates stress and ˆ close vowel sound on the marked syllable A grave (grahv) mark indicates ` contraction of two words A cedilla is used to denote soft (s ¸ sound) pronunciation for the letter "c" Diaresis or umlauts on the letter "u" denotes a "qw" and “gw” sound when placed after “q” and “g” respectively. Acute (´) and circumflex (ˆ) symbols are used to indicate stress on the marked syllables while the grave, cedilla, and diaeresis modify pronunciation. Tilde is only used to indicate nasal pronunciation and stress in words with ã ending. The diaeresis mark is now considered obsolete with the effectivity of the orthographic agreement in 2009. Its use is presently limited to borrowed words and personal names. Vowel Sounds Sounds Vowel Sounds Example like: the "a" a unstressed santana in beta stressed before a the "a" a guarda nasal in beta consonant stressed before the "a" a crato other in cat consonants the "a" á stressed a calix in father nasal the "an" ã não sound in angry eh, the "e" e loures unstressed in net the "e" é eh, stressed pinhel in let the "ey" ê ey bêbado in they êm, nasal the "e" em, em sound in end ém the "ee" i ee dizer in week the "oo" in loot o unstressed corvo but shorter the "o" ó stressed o próprio in law the "o" ô o avô in sore close to "on" in õ canções French bon the "oo" u oo usar in look Chapter 3: Pronunciation Guide (2/2) Consonant Sounds Sounds Consonants Examples like the"b" b borba in boy hard before the"c" c carro a,o,u in car soft before the "s" c certo e,i in sand soft before the "s" ç aço a,o,u in sun the "d" d dar in desk between the "th" d idade vowels in this the "f" f penafiel in fit hard before the "g" g gato a,o,u in go the "s" soft, before g in gente e,i leisure hard before the "g" gu água a,o,u in get soft before the "g" gu guia e and i in guide hard before the "qu" qu quando a,o,u in quick the "qu" soft before qu in que e and i quiche silent at the start h of a word the "su" j in já pleasure the "l" l alandroal in leap

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