Portrait Sculpture (Athenian Agora vol 1)

175 Pages·1953·62.98 MB·English

by  Evelyn B. Harrison

THE ATHENIAN AGORA
VOLUME I
PORTRAIT SCULPTURE
THE ATHENIANAG ORA
RESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS
CONDUCTED BY
THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS
VOLUME I
PORTRAIT SCULPTURE
BY
EVELYN B. HARRISON
A0P
~sa~
FJ":~ ~A
THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS
PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY
I953
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
PRINTED IN GERMANY at J.J.AUGUSTIN GLTCKSTADT
PREFACE
T he object of the present volume is to publish all the portrait sculpture that has been found
by the AmericanS chool of ClassicalS tudies at Athens in the excavation in the AthenianA gora
since the beginning of that excavation in 1931. The most recently discovered of the pieces
discussed came to light during the season of 1952. The term "portrait sculpture" is not capable
of absolute definition, and I have had to make some arbitrary decisions as to what it shall
embrace. Thus several headless torsos which were certainly those of portrait statues have been
included at the end of the catalogue in order to give examples of the kinds of statues to which
the surviving heads belonged, but draped female statues of the pre-Roman period have been
omitted. Statues of women cannot be distinguished from those of goddesses so long as the heads
are missing, and it is easier to study all drapedf emale statues together. Heads from grave reliefs
of the Roman period which seemed to show portrait characteristicsh ave been included, but no
attempt has been made to include headless fragments from gravestones of any period.
The main body of the text takes the form of a catalogue. For the benefit of the non-specialist
reader who desires information on a single object, I have tried, at the risk of a certain amount
of repetition, to make the catalogue discussion of each piece intelligible by itself. For the still
more casual consultant who has not the time to read a few pages of text I have attempted to
include some kind of date in the heading of each item. It is hoped that all readers will realize
with what caution these are to be used. In every case such labels should be taken as indicating
only the typologicald ate of the work in question, not the absolute limits for the time of its actual
creation. Thus a portrait which shows the same style as portraits of Maximinus Thrax might be
labelled "period of Maximinus Thrax," but this would not mean that, since Maximinusr eigned
for only three years, there are only three years during which the portrait in question could have
been carved. Allowances must always be made for the differences between conservative and
progressive artists in any one period, and the range for the possible actual date of execution of
a given piece will always be somewhat wider than that given for the typological date.
The sequence of heads in the catalogue is roughly chronological.P ieces which I was unable to
date closely generally follow those which could be more accurately placed, e.g. a head dated
"second half of the third century" comes after those dated "period of Gallienus" even though
it may, for all we know, be earlier than they.
I have added to the catalogue a general introduction explaining the original uses of the por-
traits and the contexts in which they were found, and a concluding section containing certain
general observations on the style and chronology of Roman portraits made in Athens that have
been suggested to me by the study of the Agora portraits.
A number of the portraits published here have already appeared in campaign reports in
Hesperia. In the case of those published before 1940 the number and size of the views shown in
Hesperia and the quality of their reproductiona re sometimes superiort o what has been possible
in the present volume. Readers are therefore urged to refer to these earlier publications as well
as to the illustrations given here.
vi THE ATHENIAN AGORA: PORTRAIT SCULPTURE
For advice and criticism which has been extremely helpful in the preparation of this manu-
script I owe especial thanks to Homer A. Thompson, Field Director of the Excavations in the
Athenian Agora, as well as to Margarete Bieber, Rhys Carpenter and William B. Dinsmoor.
Lucy Talcott, in charge of the records of the excavations, has rendered invaluable assistance
with innumerable details. All the photographs of Agora portraits discovered since 1940 and
many new photographs of pieces found earlier are the work of Alison Frantz. The others are by
Hermann Wagner. I have included in the text a list of the photographs of portraits from outside
the Agora which I have used for comparative purposes.I wish to thank especially Emil Kunze,
Director of the German ArchaeologicalI nstitute in Athens, and his assistants, Franz Willemsen
and Ulrich Hausmann, for making negatives available for use at this time. For information on
various special problems connected with the portraits I am indebted to Harald Ingholt, Christos
Karouzos, James H. Oliver,H enry S. Robinson, GeorgeS tamires, MeriwetherS tuart and Eugene
Vanderpool.
My initial work on the portraits in Athens was done during my tenure of a Fulbright Scholar-
ship in Greece in the year 1949-50. The manuscript, in substantially its present form, was sub-
mitted as a dissertation to the Faculty of Philosophy of ColumbiaU niversity in May, 1952 and
has been microfilmed.
UNIVERSITOYF C INCINNATI EVELYNB . HARRISON
1952.
DECEMBER,
CONTENTS
PREFACE . . . . . . . . ...... . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V
..
LIST OF PLATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iX
ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................. Xi
INTRODUCTION.. ........ 1
.............................
CATALOGU..E... ..... ........ . . ............ . . .... . . . . . 9
OBSERVATIONS ON ATHENIAN PORTRAIT STYLE IN THE ROMAN PERIOD . . . . . . . ..82
.........
I THE ROMANIZATION OF GREEK PORTRAITS .................... .. . 82
THE LATE REPUBLICAN PERIOD 84
.........................
THE AUGUSTAN PERIOD ........................... 86
II ATHENIAN PORTRAITS IN THE STYLE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
III ATHENIAN PORTRAITS OF THE THIRD CENTURY AND AFTER ............... 90
THE ARCHAEOLOGICALE VIDENCE ....................... . 90
THE EARLY THIRD CENTURY (A.D. 200-235) .................. 93
REALISM( A.D. 235-253) ........................... 95
THE THIRD QUARTER OF THE THIRD CENTURY . ................. 97
THE KOSMETAI AND RELATED PORTRAITS . . . . . . . .......... 98
THE "PHILOSOPHERS". .......................... 100
THE LAST QUARTER OF THE THIRD CENTURY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
THE FOURTH CENTURY .................... 105
........
THE FIFTH CENTURY ............................ 106
CONCORDANCE OF INVENTORY AND CATALOGUE NUMBERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..1. 07
INDEX OF MUSEUMS . ............................... .. ... 108
GENERAL INDEX . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
LIST OF PLATES
Plate Cat. No. Plate
1 1 43 a. Herodotosi n New York (Courtesyo f MetropolitanM useumo f Art)
2 2, 5 b. Head in Athens, NationalM useum,N o. 821 (GermanI nst. Phot. N. M.
3 3 147a )
4 6
4, c. Head in Corinth,I nv. No. 1445 a
5 7
6 7 d. Augustus( ?) from Nolai n New York (Courtesyo f MetropolitanM useum
7 8, 9 of Art)
8 10, 12 e. Augustusf rom Prima Porta (Hekler,B ildniskunst,p l. 171)
9 11 f. Augustusi n Corinth,I nv. No. 1116
10 11, 13 g. Augustusi n Samos (GermanI nst. Phot. Samos 908)
11 14, 15, 16
12 17, 23 44 a. Antonia (2) in Berlin (Bliimel, R5mischeB ildnisse, R 23, pl. 16)
13 18 b. Faustinat he Youngeri n Olympia( GermanI nst. Phot., negativel ost)
14 19
c. Polydeukion( 2) in Berlin (Bliimel, RamischeB ildnisse,R 72, pl. 44)
15 20
16 21, 22, 24 45 Hadrian from the Olympieion,i n Athens, National Museum,N o. 249
17 25 (Photographb y Alison Frantz)
18 26, 27, 29
19 28 46 a. Ephebe in Athens, National Museum, No. 399 (GermanI nst. Phot.
20 80, 31, 32 N. M. 87 a and b)
21 33, 34 b. Ephebe in Athens, National Museum, No. 391 (German Inst. Phot.
22 35 N.M. 79 b)
23 36 c. TrebonianusG allus in New York (Courtesyo f MetropolitanM useum
24 37
of Art)
25 38
d. Priest in Athens, NationalM useum,N o. 432 (GermanI nst. Phot. N.M.
26 39
27 40, 42 548 b)
28 41, 47 e. Priest in Eleusis (GermanI nst. Phot. EL 381)
29 45, 46 47 a. Head in Athens, National Museum,N o. 580 (GermanI nst. Phot. N.M.
30 44
48, 1583)
31 48, 49 b. Head in Corinth,I nv. No. 2415
3328 5501, c. Head from Epidauros,i n Athens, National Museum,N o. 582 (German
5,8
34 52 Inst. Phot. N.M. 1587)
35 54, 55 d. Head-vasei n Athenian Agora,I nv. No. P 10004
36 56 e. Head in Athens, NationalM useum,N o. 573 (L'OrangeS, tudien,f ig. 103)
37 56
38 57, 58, 60 48 a. Flaccilla( ?) in New York (Courtesyo f the MetropolitanM useumo f Art)
39 57, 58, 60 b. Regilla in Olympia (German Inst. Phot. OL 2138)
40 59, 61, 62, 63 c. Diptych of Boethius (L'Orange, Studien, fig. 234)
41 64
42 64 49 Actual State, Plan of the Athenian Agora.
ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY*
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Munich,F . Bruckmannf, rom1 891
A.J.A = AmericanJ ournal of Archaeology
Alf61ldi2, 5 Jahre riimisch-germaniscKheo mmission= Andras Alfj61di", Die Vorherrschaftd er Pannonieri m
R6merreicheu nd die Reaction des Hellenentumsu nter Gallienus",p p. 11-51
AllardP ierson Stichting, Bijdragen= AllardP iersonS tichting, Universiteitv an Amsterdam.A rchaeologisch-
HistorischeB ijdragen.A msterdam,f rom 1932
Altertilmevr on Pergamon= Altertilmevr on Pergamonh, erausgegebenim Auftraged es ko-niglichp reuBischen
Ministersd er geistlichen,U nterrichts-u nd MedizinalangelegenheiteKn.a niglicheM useenz uB erlin,B erlin,
1885-1937
Annuario = Annuariod ella[ r.] scuolaa rchaeologicdai Atenee dellem issioni italianei n oriente
Die Antike = Die Antike,Z eitschriffitt r Kunst und Kultur des klassischenA ltertums
Arch. Anz. = ArchdiologischAern zeiger
ArchaeologiaEi rtesitk,M agyar TudomdnyoAs kade'miaB. udapest
Ath. Mitt. = Mitteilungend es deutschena rchdologischeInn stituts,A thenischeA bteilung
B.C.H. = Bulletin de correspondanchee lle'nique
B.M.C., Empire = Coins of the RomanE mpirei n the British Museum.L ondon, from 1923
B.M.M.A. = Bulletin of the MetropolitanM useumo f Art. New York
Bernoulli,G . 1. = Johann J. Bernoulli,G riechischIek onographieM. unich,1 901
Bernoulli,R . I.-- Johann J. Bernoulli,R imischeI konographieS. tuttgart, 1882-94
Billedtavler= Ny CarlsberGg lyptotekB. illedtavlerti l Katalogeto vera ntikerK unstvaerkerC. openhagen1, 907
Bliimel, ReimischBe ildnisse = CarlB liimel,S taatlicheM useenz u Berlin.K atalogd erS ammlunga ntikerS kulp-
turen, V, RimischeB ildnisse. Berlin, 1933
Bovini, Mon. Ant., XXXIX, 1943 = GiuseppeB ovini, "Osservazionsiu llar itrattristicar omanad a Treboniano
Gallo a Probo",p p. 180-369
Brendel, Otto, Ikonographide es Kaisers Augustus.D iss. Niirnberg,1 931
Broneer,O scar,C orinth,X , The Odeum.C ambridgeM, ass., 1932
Buschor,E rnst, Das hellenistischeB ildnis. Munich,1 949
C.A.H., XII = The CambridgAe ncientH istory,X II, edited by S. A. Cook,F . E. Adcock,M . P. Charlesworth
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C.A.H., Plates, V = The CambridgeA ncient History, Volume of Plates, V, preparedb y C. T. Seltman.
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Clara Rhodos= Clara Rhodos,S tudi e materialip ubblicatia cura dell'istitutos torico-archeologidcoi Rodi.
Rhodes, 1928-1941
Conze = AlexanderC onze,D ie attischenG rabreliefs4, v. Berlin, 1893-1922
Corinth= Corinth,R esultso f the Excavationsc onductedb y the AmericanS choolo f ClassicalS tudiesa t Athens.
CambridgeM, ass. and Princeton, 1929-
Crome,D as Bildnis Vergils= Johann FriedrichC rome,D as Bildnis Vergils,R eale accademiav irgilianad i
Mantova,A tti e memorie,N uova serie, XXIV, pp. 1-73. Mantua,1 935
Curtius,R im. Mitt. and Mitt. d. Inst. = Ludwig Curtius," IkonographischBe eitrige szumP ortriit der rAmi-
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IV-V, Rom. Mitt., XLVIII, 1933, pp. 182-243; VI, Rom. Mitt., XLIX, 1934, pp. 119-156; VII-VIII,
Rom. Mitt., L, 1935, pp. 260-320; IX-XI, Ram. Mitt., LIV, 1939, pp. 112-144; XII, Rom. Mitt., LV,
1940, pp. 36-64; XIII-XIV, Mitt. d. Inst., I, 1948, pp. 53-94
Day, Economic History = John Day, An Economic History of Athens under Roman Domination. New York,
1942
* This list is meant to serve both as a list of abbreviations and as a selected bibliography. All abbreviated items are
included, but not all items included are abbreviated.
xii THE ATHENIAN AGORA: PORTRAIT SCULPTURE
Delbriick,R ichard, Antike Portrats( Tabulaei n usum scholarum,e ditae sub cura Iohannis Lietzmann,V I).
Bonn, 1912
- - Die Miinzbildnissev on Maximinus bis Carinus( HerrscherbildII, I 2). Berlin, 1940
- - SpdtantikeK aiserportrai(tSs tudienz ur spdtantikenK unstgeschichtVe, III). Berlin and Leipzig, 1933
Delos = Explorationa rcheologiqudee De'los,f aite par l'e'colfer anVaised 'AthenesP. aris, 1909 -
=
AEh(cid:127)riov 'ApXatlooylKOv AEXATov
Ap&ypa=C Ap6ypa, Martino P. Nilsson dedicatum (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Institutet i Rom. Series
altera,I ). Lund and Leipzig, 1989
Encyclopediep hotographiqudee l'art, III = Encyclope'dipeh otographiqudee l'art, III, Le Musie du Louvre,
Grace( suite), Rome. Editions "Tel". Paris, 1938
25 Jahrer dmisch-germaniscKheo mmission= FilnfundzwanzigJ ahrer imisch-germanischKeo mmissionh, eraus-
gegebenv on der rdmisch-germanischeKno mmissiond es archiologischenI nstituts des deutschenR eiches.
Berlin and Leipzig, 1930
GoldscheiderL, udwig, RomanP ortraits( Phaidone dition). New York, 1940
Graindor,A lbum = Paul Graindor,A lbum d'inscriptionsa ttiquesd 'e'poquiem periale.U niversite de Gand,
Recueil de travaux publi6sp ar la faculte de philosophiee t lettres, fasc. 53 and 54. Gand,1 924
GraindorC, osmates= Paul Graindor", Lesc osmbtesd u Mus6ed 'Athenes",B .C.H., XXXIX, 1915,p p.241-401
GraindorH, erodeA tticus = Paul GraindorU, n milliardairea ntique:H irodeA tticuse t sa famille.C airo, 1930
GraindorP, aul, Athenesd e Tibereh Trajan. Cairo,1 931
- - Athenes sous Auguste. Cairo, 1927
- - Athenes sous Hadrien. Cairo, 1934
- - Bustes et statues-portraitsd 'Egypte romaine. Cairo, n. d.
Gross,W alter, Bildnisse Traians (HerrscherbildII, 2). Berlin, 1940
Guidi,A nnuario,I V-V, 1921-22 = GiacomoG uidi," I1m urov alerianoa S. DemetrioK atiphorie la questione
del Diogeneion",p p. 33-54
Hekler, Bildniskunst= Antal Hekler, Die Bildniskunstd er Griechenu nd RSmer.S tuttgart, 1912 (also in
English: Greeka nd RomanP ortraits.N ew York, 1912 and in French: Portraitsa ntiques.P aris, 1913)
Hekler, Die Antike, XVI, 1940 = Antal Hekler, "Philosophen-u nd Gelehrtenbildnissde er mittleren Kaiser-
zeit", pp. 115-141
Hekler, Arch.A nz., 1935 = Antal Hekler, "Neue Portratforschungenin Athen", cols. 398-407
Hekler,J ahreshefteX, XI-XXII, 1922-24 = Antal Hekler," Studienz ur r6mischenP ortriitkunst"p p. 172-202
Herrscherbil=d Das r6mischeH errscherbildh,e rausgegebenv on Max Wegner, ArchiologischesI nstitut des
deutschenR eichs.
Hesperia = Hesperia,J ournalo f the AmericanS chool of ClassicalS tudies at Athens
Hinks, RogerP ackman,G reeka nd RomanP ortraitS culptureL. ondon,B ritish Museum,1 935
I.G., II2 = InscriptionesG raecaeI, I-III (editiom inor,B erlin, from 1913), InscriptionesA tticae Euclidis anno
posteriores,e dited by JohannesK irchner
I.G., IV2 = InscriptionesG raecaeI, V (editio minor, Berlin, 1929), InscriptionesA rgolidis,e dited by F. Hiller
von Gaertringen
Jahrb. = Jahrbuchd es deutschen Instituts
archidologischen
Jahreshefte= Jahreshefted es 3sterreichischeanr chdiologischIenns titutesi n Wien
Johnson, Corinth, IX = Franklin P. Johnson, Corinth, IX, Sculpture 1896-1923. Cambridge, Mass. 1931
Jones, Catalogue = Henry Stuart Jones, A Catalogue of the Ancient Sculptures preserved in the Municipal
Collections of Rome: I, The Sculptures of the Museo Capitolino. Oxford, 1912; II, The Sculptures of the
Palazzo dei Conservatori. Oxford, 1926
Judeich, Topographie2= Walther Judeich, Topographie von Athen, Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft.
2nd edition. Munich, 1931
Kaschnitz-Weinberg, Magazzino = Guido von Kaschnitz-Weinberg, Sculture del magazzino del Museo
Vaticano. (Monumenti Vaticani di archeologia e d'arte, IV). Vatican City, 1937
Kaschnitz-Weinberg, Rom. Mitt., XLI, 1926 = Guido von Kaschnitz-Weinberg, "Studien zur etruskischen
und friih-rPmischen Portratkunst", pp. 133-211
Kerameikos = Kerameikos, Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen. Archkiologisches Institut des deutschen Reichs.
Berlin, 1989-
Kunstmuseets Aarskrift, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen.
Laurenzi = Luciano Laurenzi, Ritratti greci (Quaderni per lo studio dell'archeologia, diritti da R. Bianchi-
Bandinelli, III-V). Florence, 1941
ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY xiii
L'Orange,S tudien = Hans Peter L'Orange,S tudien zur Geschichtde es spdtantikenP ortrats( Instituttet for
sammenlignendeK ulturforskningS. eries B: Skrifter,X XII). Oslo, 1933
Magnesia am Maeander= Magnesia am Maeander:B erichti fber die Ergebnissed erA usgrabungend erJ ahre
1891-1893,v on CarlH umann:D ie Bauwerkeb earbeitetv on Julius Kohte: Die Bildwerkeb earbeitetv on
CarlW atzinger.K dniglicheM useenz u Berlin. Berlin, 1904
Me'langeGs lotz= Me'langeGs ustaveG lotz.P aris, 1932
Me'langePs icard = Me'langeds 'arche'ologeite d 'histoireo ffertsh CharlesP icard. Paris, 1949 (takes the place of
Revuea rchdologiquveo, ls. XXIX-XXXII, series 6, 1948).
MichalowskiB, .C.H., LXX, 1946 = KasimierzM ichalowski", La fin de l'art grec", pp. 385-392
MichalowskiD, e'los,X III = KasimierzM ichalowskiD, e'los,X III, Les portraitsh elle'nistiqueest romains.P aris,
1932
Mitt. d. Inst. = Mitteilungend es deutschena rchdiologischIenns tituts,f rom 1948
Mon. Ant. = Monumentia ntichip ubblicatip er cura della [reale]a ccademian azionaled ei Lincei
Mithsam,A lice, Die attischenG rabreliefisn riimischeZr eit. Diss. Berlin, 1936
Notopoulos,H esperia,X VIII, 1949 = James Notopoulos, "Studies in the Chronologyo f Athens under the
Empire",p p. 1-57
Oliver, James H., The AthenianE xpounderso f theS acreda nd AncestralL aw. Baltimore,1 950
Olympia= Olympia;d ie Ergebnissed erv on demd eutschenR eichv eranstalteteAnu sgrabungh, erausgegebenv on
Ernst Curtiusu nd FriedrichA dler. Berlin, 1890-97
OlympischFe orschungen= OlympischFe orschungenh, erausgegebenv on Emil Kunze. ArchiiologischeIsn stitut
des deutschenR eichs. Berlin, 1944-
Paribeni = Roberto Paribeni,I I ritratton ell' artea ntica. Milan,1 934
Pauly-Wissowa,R .E. = Paulys Real-Encyclopiididee r classischenA ltertumswissenschaNft,e ue Bearbeitung.
Stuttgart, 1894-
Poulsen, Catalogue= FrederikP oulsen, Ny CarlsberGg lyptotekK, atalogo verA ntikeS kulpturerC. openhagen,
1940
Poulsen, Frederik,G reeka nd RomanP ortraitsi n English CountryH ouses.O xford,1 923
- - Problemed er r3mischenI konographie(D et Kgl. Danske VidenskabernesS elskab, Archaeologisk-kunst-
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- - R mischeP rivatportriitusn d Prinzenbildniss(eD et Kgl. DanskeV idenskabernesS elskab,A rchaeologisk-
kunsthistoriskeM eddelelserI, I, 5). Copenhagen1, 939
Poulsen, KunstmuseetAs arskrift,1 929-31 = FrederikP oulsen, "SengraeskeP ortraetter",p p. 16-44
IRTepainKaTci'hK,& R =J pFelrptcoKiTre-=r IKS-&iasl omEvo 'nAR Se(cid:127)Iivnaacc(cid:127) h',A RpeXpaecrttoooirodey Ke llaiS s' tEartTuaapirEegi oraesc quee t romaine.P aris, 1897-1930
Richter, Gisela M. A., RomanP ortraits.N ew York, 1948
Richter, Proceedingso f the AmericanP hilosophicalS ociety,X CV, 1951 = GiselaM . A. Richter, "Who Made
the Roman Portrait Statues - Greekso r Romans? ", pp. 184-191
Richter, Three Critical Periods = Gisela M. A. Richter, Three CriticalP eriods in GreekS culpture.O xford,
1951
Riemann, KerameikosI, I = Hans Riemann, Die Skulpturenv om 5. Jahrhunderbt is in r6mischeZ eit, Kera-
meikos,I I. Berlin, 1940
Rodenwaldt, C.A.H., XII = Gerhart Rodenwaldt, "The Transition to Late-Classical Art", pp. 544-570
Rodenwaldt, Jahrb., XLV, 1930 = Gerhart Rodenwaldt, "Der Klinensarkophag von S. Lorenzo", pp.116-189
Rodenwaldt, Jahrb., LI, 1936 = Gerhart Rodenwaldt, "Zur Kunstgeschichte der Jahre 220 bis 270",
pp. 82-113
Rodenwaldt, 76 Wp. = Gerhart Rodenwaldt, "Griechische Portrits aus dem Ausgang der Antike", 76 Winckel-
mannsprogramm,B erlin, 1919
Rom. Mitt. = Mitteilungen des deutschena rchdologischenI nstituts. Riimische Abteilung
Schefold, Bildnisse = Karl Schefold, Die Bildnisse der antiken Dichter, Redner und Denker. Basle, 1948
Schweitzer = Bernhard Schweitzer, Die Bildniskunst der riimischen Republik. Leipzig, 1948
Smith, Catalogue = Arthur Hamilton Smith, A Catalogue of Sculpture in the Department of Greeka nd Roman
Antiquities, British Museum, III. London, 1904
Studien zur spitantiken Kunstgeschichte= Studien zur spdtantiken Kunstgeschichte,i m Auftrage des deutschen
archiiologischenI nstituts, herausgegeben von Hans Lietamann und Gerhart Rodenwaldt
Swift, A.J.A., XXV, 1921 = Emerson H. Swift, "A Groupo f Roman Imperial Portraits atCorinth",pp. 142-159,
248-265, 337-363
Symbolae Osloenses = Symbolae Osloenses, auspiciis societatis graeco-latinae