Portrait adult education Ethiopia

153 Pages·2015·2.15 MB·English

by  Sandhaas, Bernd

Sandhaas, Bernd
Portrait adult education Ethiopia
Addis Ababa : dvv international 2009, IX, 137 S. - (Internal Paper; 76)
Quellenangabe/ Reference:
Sandhaas, Bernd: Portrait adult education Ethiopia. Addis Ababa : dvv international 2009, IX, 137 S. -
(Internal Paper; 76) - URN: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-109147 - DOI: 10.25656/01:10914
https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-109147
https://doi.org/10.25656/01:10914
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Table of Contents

List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................... i
Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................................................ ii
Foreword .......................................................................................................................................... vi
Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... vii

PORTRAIT ADULT EDUCATION ETHIOPIA ................................................................................... 1
Part One: Introduction and Context ................................................................................................ 1
Part Two: Conceptualization: Key Adult Education Concepts and Terms .................................... 6
Part Three: Historical Overview ...................................................................................................... 13
Part Four: Policy Environment ....................................................................................................... 20
Part Five: Provisions and Providers ............................................................................................... 27
Part Six: Participation and Participants ....................................................................................... 37
Part Seven: Staffing: Recruitment, Qualification, and Remuneration ............................................ 43
Part Eight: Funding .......................................................................................................................... 46
Part Ten: Teaching and Learning Materials Development .......................................................... 59
Part Eleven: Evaluation and Research ............................................................................................... 65
Part Twelve: International Contacts and Cooperation ....................................................................... 71
Part Thirteen: Trends and Challenges .................................................................................................. 79
References ........................................................................................................................................ 85

GLOSSARY OF TERMS ......................................................................................................................... 95
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 95
The Glossary .......................................................................................................................................... 95
Directory of Organizations and Institutions Providing Adult Education .......................................... 107
Questionnaire ....................................................................................................................................... 124

ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................................. 126
Overview of Selected Adult Education Research 1989-2008 ............................................................ 126
Editor / Author..................................................................................................................................... 129
List of Publications, Newsletters, Internal Papers etc. of dvv international Regional Office East
Africa / Horn of Africa ........................................................................................................................ 130
List of Tables

Table 1: Adult and Non-formal Education Budget in the Three ESDPs as a Percentage of
the Education Budget ............................................................................................................. 23
Table 2: Two Components (non-shaded) of Non-formal Adult Education ........................................ 29
Table 3: Statistics of Participation in Adult Basic Education in Amhara Regional State ................... 30
Table 4: Workshops/Conferences Developing a National Adult Education Strategy and
Planning its Implementation ................................................................................................... 32
Table 5: Overview of Selected Conferences, Workshops and Seminars for Decision Makers
and Management Staff ............................................................................................................ 33
Table 6: ESDP Projections for Skills Training at CSTCs .................................................................... 40
Table 7: Participation in Workshops / Seminars .................................................................................. 42
Table 8: Average Costs Per Model CSTC (as per 2005) ..................................................................... 52
Table 9: Average Running Costs for Three-month Skills Training Course ....................................... 52
Table 10: Summary of Indicative Roles and Competencies .................................................................. 54
Table 11: Minimum Requirements for Training of FAL Personnel ...................................................... 55
Table 12: Curriculum for Trainers of Trainers for FAL Programmes .................................................. 57
Table 13: Materials Developed by International and National NGOs .................................................. 63
Table 14: Examples of Clusters of Research / Studies .......................................................................... 70

i
Abbreviations and Acronyms
AA Addis Ababa
AAU Addis Ababa University
ABE Adult basic education and also, in Ethiopia, alternative basic education
ABET Adult Basic Education and Training (Programme in South Africa)
ACCESS Appropriate Cost-Effective Centre for Education within the School System
ADEA Association for the Development of Education in Africa
ADET Addis Education and Training
AE Adult Education
ANCEFA African Network Campaign on Education for All
ANFE Adult and Non-Formal Education
ANFEAE Adult and Non-Formal Education Association in Ethiopia
APAL African Perspectives on Adult Learning
APDA Afar Pastoralist Development Association
ARM Annual Review Meeting
ARDU Arsi (Arrusi) Rural Development Unit
ASE Agri-Service Ethiopia
ATLM Adult Training and Learning Manuals

BA Bachelor of Arts
BBTC Burayo Basic Technology Centre
BDE/C Basic Development Education/ Centre
BE/BLN Basic Education / Basic Learning Nneeds
BEA-E Basic Education Association - Ethiopia
BMZ Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (Bundesministerium
für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung)

CADU Chilalo Agricultural Development Unit
CEES College of Education and External Studies, University Nairobi
CIDA Canadian International Development Agency
CIRAC International Reflect Circle
CODE Canadian Organisation for the Development of Education
CPIU Central Project Implementation Unit (IWEP)
CSA Central Statistical Agency
CSOs Civil Society Organisations
CSTC Community Skills Training Center
CONFINTEA International Conference on Adult Education

DACE Department of Adult and Continuing Education
DFID Department For International Development
DIE German Institute for Adult Education (Deutsches Institut für Erwachsenenbildung)
DSE (former) German Foundation for International Development (now under InWEnt)
dvv international Institute for International Cooperation of the German Adult Education Association
(Institut für Internationale Zusammenarbeit des Deutschen Volkhochschul-
Verbandes) – until end of 2006 IIZ/DVV

ii
EAL Ethiopian Airlines
EC Ethiopian Calendar
ECA Economic Commission for Africa
ecbp (Ethio-German) Engineering Capacity Building Programme
EELPA/C Ethiopian Electric and Light Power Authority/Corporation
EFA Education for All
EMPDA/E Education Materials Production and Distribution Agency/ Enterprise
EOC Ethiopian Orthodox Church
ESDP Education Sector Development Programme
ESR Education Sector Review
ESS Education Sector Strategy
ETP Education and Training Policy
EU European Union

FAL Functional Adult Literacy
FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation (UN)
FAWE Forum of African Women Education
FE Formal Education
FEMNET African Women’s Development and Communication Network
FMoE Federal Ministry of Education

GDCDR General Department of Curriculum Development and Research (MoE)
GMR Global Monitoring Report
GTZ German Technical Cooperation (Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit)

HEIs Higher Education Institutions
HEW Health Extension Worker
HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
HNo House Number
HOACBP (OXFAM Canada’s) Horn of Africa Capacity Building Programme

IACE Institute of Adult and Continuing Education, Makerere University, Kampala
IAE Institute of Adult Education, Dar es Salaam
IALLA International Academy for Lifelong Learning ...
ICAE International Council of Adult Education
ICDR Institute for Curriculum Development and Research
ICT Information communication technology
ILD International Literacy Day
IIZ/DVV Institute for International Cooperation of the German Adult Education Association
(Institut für Internationale Zusammenarbeit des Deutschen Volkshochschul-
Verbandes) – since beginning of 2007 dvv international
InWEnt Capacity Building International – Germany (Internationale Weiterbildung und
Entwicklung)
IRC-KURET (American) International Rescue Committee
IRC International Red Cross
IWEP Integrated Women’s Empowerment Programme
JRM Joint Review Mission

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KAEA Kenya Adult Education Association
KfW German Development Bank (Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau)

LIFE Literacy Initiative for Empowerment
LitNet Literacy Network in Uganda
LST Livelihood Skills Training

MA Master of Arts
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MoA / MoRAD Ministry of Agriculture/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
MoE Ministry of Education
MoEVT Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, Tanzania
MoFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs
MoEFA Ministry of Education and Fine Arts
MoFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development
MoI Ministry of Information
MoNCD&SA Ministry of National Community Development and Social Affairs
MoLSA Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs
MoWA Ministry of Women’s Affairs
MSEIPA Micro Small Enterprises Industrial Promotion Agency, Amhara

NAES National Adult Education Strategy
NFAE Non-Formal Adult Education
NFBE Non-Formal Basic Education
NFBEC Non-Formal Basic Education Centre
NFE Non-Formal Education
NFPE Non-Formal Primary Education
NFTVET Non-Formal Technical Vocational Education and Training
NGO Non-Governmental Organisation
NLC National Literacy Campaign
NLCCC National Literacy Campaign Coordinating Committee

OREB Oromia Regional Education Bureau

PAALAE Pan African Association for Literacy and Adult Education
PASDEP Plan for Accelerated and Sustainable Development to End Poverty
PHRD Policy and Human Resource Development
PMO Prime Minister’s Office
PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategic Plan
REB Regional Education Bureau
REFLECT Regenerated Freirean Literacy through Empowering Community Techniques
RNE Royal Netherlands Embassy, Addis Ababa
R(S)EB Regional (State) Education Bureau
SIDA Swedish International Development Agency
SIL Summer Institute for Linguistics

iv
SNNPR Southern Nations National and Peoples Region
SWAP Sector Wide Approach

TEACH Transforming Education for Adults and Children in the Hinterlands
TGE Transitional Government of Ethiopia
ToT Training of Trainers
TTC Teacher Training College
TVET Technical Vocational Education and Training

UGAADEN Uganda Adult Education Network
UIL UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning
UK United Kingdom
UN United Nations
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNESCO United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
USA United States of America
USAID United States Agency for International Development
USD United States Dollar
UPE Universal Primary Education

VSO Volonteers Service Overseas
VTC Vocational Training Centre

WAT Women’s Association of Tigray
WCEFA World Conference on Education For All
WDIP Women Development Initiative Project
WEO Wereda Education Office
WOALP Work Oriented Adult Literacy Project/Programme
WOFED Wereda Office of Finance and Economic Development

YDA Yebrehan Development Associates Pls
YMCA Young Men’s Christian Association
YWCA Young Women’s Christian Association

Key to the PASDEP and ESDP III Calendar:
Ethiopian Calendar Gregorian Calendar
1998 2005/06
1999 2006/07
2000 2007/08
2001 2008/09
2002 2009/10

v
Foreword
The Institute for International Cooperation of the German Adult Education Association
(IIZ/DVV), since 2007 dvv international, is a special institute of the DVV that serves the
national, European and international goals, functions and practices of adult education. The
institute supports the design and implementation of adult education programmes in numerous
partner countries, fosters cooperation between German and international adult education, and
promotes the exchange of information and experience in this field.
In Ethiopia, dvv international is supporting adult and non-formal education (ANFE) with the
overall goal of contributing to the reduction of poverty and mainly by assisting the Ministry of
Education (MoE), regional education bureaus (REBs), non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) and civil society organizations (CSOs). Projects and activities are carried out mainly
in the following areas:
 Promotion of understanding adult and non-formal education at national and regional
levels and related policies;
 Capacity building for adult and non-formal education staff at national, regional, zonal and
district level in various fields;
 Development and printing of training and learning materials in different national and local
languages;
 Literacy education and initial technical training for the livelihood of illiterates, semi-
illiterates and school dropouts.
Since mid 2001, the dvv international Regional Office East Africa / Horn of Africa has started
documenting various events such as planning, training and other exercises as an additional
service to its partners. These documents are mainly reports produced either by the staff of
partners’ institutions/ organizations, local consultants or the staff of dvv international Office;
they are simply ring-bound, and are called “Internal Papers”. Such means are supposed to
strengthen the flow of information between the dvv international Office and partners
themselves. At the same time, the reports are part of an overall project monitoring system.
Please note that opinions expressed by individual authors do not necessarily contain dvv
international's opinion.
The Internal Papers are not meant for the general public but rather for partners, members of
partner organizations and interested individuals. Copies might be obtained from:
dvv international
Regional Office East Africa / Horn of Africa
c/o ICDR
P.O. Box 34743
Tel.: 251 - 1 - 23 22 39 / 40 / 41 /
Fax: 251 - 1 - 23 61 17
E-mail: [email protected]
Dr Bernd Sandhaas
Director

vi
Preface

Why was this book produced? First of all, by the time of going to print two teacher’s training colleges
and two universities were offering diploma, BA and MA programmes on training of adult educators in
Ethiopia. Three more universities are in the process of starting such programmes. Both lecturers and
students are lacking literature and in particular an overview of the national system of adult education in
particular since the inception of the new Education and Training Policy (ETP) of the government in
1994. Colleges and universities hardly possess all policy documents, lack important reports or books on
adult education in their libraries and hardly have access to literature via internet or other media.
Since most of the lecturers did not undergo training in adult education, rather contributing to it from the
perspective of other disciplines, new genuine knowledge has so far not been produced and thus no book
published. At the same time those few Ethiopian trained and/or experienced adult educators that are
familiar with the discipline and the international debate are retiring from active engagement thus leaving
a generation’s knowledge gap on the subject.
Demand for professional knowledge is growing with the implementation of national poverty reduction
strategies and education sector development programmes and specifically with the launching of a first
national adult education strategy in early 2008 and the start of the first adult education programmes of
semi national or national scope during the last years. Those working in adult education in governments
and different ministries such as education, agriculture, health, women affairs, youths, capacity building
and others, members of civil society organisations (CSOs) and non-governmental organisations (NGOs),
development and women associations and the like are asking for literature and information about the
reality of adult education.
A debate of almost three years on the development and implementation of a national strategy has
revealed clearly two worrisome trends, to which this book intends to respond: (i) lack of knowledge
about the basics or foundations of adult education as discussed in the African or international arena, and
(ii) confusion about the national background and the essentials of adult education as a system or a sub-
system of the national education system. Many years of neglect have even affected the understanding of
the basic terms of the discipline.
The background, against which the book was produced, are eight years of a unique form of development
cooperation by its editor with the Ministry of Education (MoE), aiming at the development and
establishment of a national system of adult education covering advocacy and policy development,
curriculum and materials development, pre- and in-service training, community based skills
training/non-formal technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and functional adult
literacy as main programme areas.
This included initiating, assisting and supervising a number of studies undertaken by the MoE, regional
education bureaus, regional associations, higher education institutions and a number of consultants;
lecturing and examining at universities; supervising Ph.D. candidates; organising national and
international workshops and conferences; editing some 15 comprehensive newsletters on support to
adult and non-formal education in Ethiopia; preparing and publishing more than 70 reports on planning
and training events, assessments and other research studies; editing some 12 book publications and
preparing own presentations and publications on the topic.
Eight years of active participation in the activities of the education donor group (now Education
Development Partners and Technical Working Group Education), which has been assisting the country
in developing the education sector, have provided further insights as has the involvement in the
development and discussions of the national poverty reduction strategies, the education sector
development programmes and of course the national adult education strategy.
Quite a number of colleagues from government offices, universities, colleges, NGOs and consulting
firms have contributed different types of expertise over the years by means of papers on different
aspects, research reports (published and unpublished) and valuable comments on first and second drafts

vii