ebook img

POPULATION OF WAYANAD WILDLIFE SANCTUARY PDF

66 Pages·2016·3.49 MB·English
by  
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview POPULATION OF WAYANAD WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

ASSESSING THE GENETIC VARIABILITY IN THE FREE RANGING ASIAN ELEPHANT (Elephas maximus) POPULATION OF WAYANAD WILDLIFE SANCTUARY NEETHU BALAKRISHNAN (13-MSVP-09) Abstract of Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (Wildlife Studies) Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University 2015 CENTRE FOR WILDLIFE STUDIES COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES POOKODE, WAYANAD, KERALA, INDIA ASSESSING THE GENETIC VARIABILITY IN THE FREE RANGING ASIAN ELEPHANT (Elephas maximus) POPULATION OF WAYANAD WILDLIFE SANCTUARY NEETHU BALAKRISHNAN (13-MSVP-09) DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (Wildlife Studies) 2015 Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University CENTRE FOR WILDLIFE STUDIES COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES POOKODE, WAYANAD, KERALA, INDIA i DECLARATION I hereby declare that this dissertation titled “Assessing the genetic variability in free ranging Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) population of Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary” is a bonafide record of research work done by me during the course of my Master’s research program and that the dissertation has not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, associateship, fellowship or other similar title of any other University or Society. Pookode NEETHU BALAKRISHNAN Date: 31/10/2015 (13-MSVP-09) ii Dr. Arun Zachariah Assistant Professor Centre for Wildlife Studies College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala- 673 576 CERTIFICATE Certified that this dissertation, titled “Assessing the genetic variability in free ranging Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) population of Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary” is a bonafide record of research work done independently by Neethu Balakrishnan (13-MSVP-09) under my guidance and supervision and that it has not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, associateship or fellowship to her. Pookode Dr. Arun Zachariah Date: 31/10/2015 (Guide) iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is a result of a six months study which would not have been possible without the help, support and time put it by several people. I shall ever, remain thankfully indebted to all those memorized individuals, my present and former teachers, known and unknown hands who directly or indirectly motivated me to achieve my goal and enlightened me with their touch of their knowledge and constant encouragement. At this moment, indeed, I have great pleasure in expressing my deep sense of gratitude to all peoples who directly or indirectly help me to complete this work. First and foremost, I would like to thank my Parents and Brother for their support and encouragement they have given me. I sincerely thank Dr. George Chandy, Officer in Charge, Centre for Wildlife Studies, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, for his generous encouragement and valuable advices throughout this research. I would like to express my gratitude to my major guide Dr. Arun Zachariah, Assistant Professor, Centre for Wildlife Studies, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode for the useful remarks and encouragements throughout the study. Without his invaluable guidance and help this thesis would not have been possible. I am also indebted to Dr. Abdul Azeez C.P, Assistant Professor, Centre for Wildlife Studies, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode for his support. I sincerely thank Dr. B. Chandramohan, Senior Research Officer, Centre for Wildlife Studies for his keen interest and valuable guidance. v I sincerely thank officials and staff of the Kerala Forest Department, who facilitated permission for my study I also express my thanks to my classmates Vishnu O, Dencin Rons Thampi, Nithin Divakar, Dipika Valsarajan, Karthika Chandran, Anuraj R. K, Arjun M. S and Ajisha S. for their constant support and positive criticisms which helped me in the preparation of this manuscript. Special thanks to my seniors and juniors for their emotional support and encouragement which helped me to improve the dissertation. I remember with gratitude Dr. K. Vijayakumar, Dean, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, who provided me with the facilities for this study. I thankfully remember all those who directly and indirectly helped me and contributed in some way or other in materializing this work. Finally, I would like to give God the glory for granting me this opportunity and his protection during the entire period of my study. NEETHU BALAKRISHNAN vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Title Page No. 1. INTRODUCTION 1-3 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4-18 2.1. CURRENT STATUS OF ASIAN 4-5 ELEPHANTS 2.2. DISTRIBUTION OF ELEPHANTS IN 5 INDIA 2.3. EVOLUTION OF ELEPHANTS 6 2.4. TRENDS IN ELEPHANT’S 6-7 POPULATION IN THE WORLD AND IN INDIA 2.5. THREATS OR RISK FACTORS FOR 7-8 THE SURVIVAL OF ELEPHANTS 2.6. CONSERVATION OF ELEPHANTS 8-9 2.7. IMPORTANCE OF GENETIC 9-10 VARIABILITY WITHIN POPULATION 2.8. METHODS OF WILDLIFE 10 MONITORING 2.9. VARIOUS MARKERS USED IN THE 11 POPULATION ESTIMATION OF ENDANGERED SPECIES, ESPECIALLY ELEPHANT 2.10. METHODS OF DNA EXTRACTION 12 vii FROM TISSUE SAMPLE 2.11. METHODS OF SAMPLE 12 COLLECTION IN SCATOGENETICS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 2.12. METHODS OF DNA EXTRACTION 12-13 FROM FECAL SAMPLE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. 2.13. POPULATION ESTIMATION OF 13-14 ELEPHANT USING MICROSATELLITES 2.14. USE OF MICROSATELLITES AS 14-15 MARKERS FOR INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION, GENE FLOW, KINSHIP, HETEROZYGOSITY ANALYSIS IN ENDANGERED SPECIES PARTICULARLY IN ELEPHANT 2.15. USE OF MICROSATELLITES IN 16-17 ELPHANTS 2.16. IMPORTANCE OF MOLECULAR 17 SEXING OF ENDANGERED FAUNA SPECIALLY ELEPHANT 2.17. SOFTWARE 17-18 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 18-26 3.1. STUDY AREA 18-19 3.2. METHODS 19-26 3.2.1. Tissue Samples 19 viii 3.2.2. DNA Isolation From Blood And 19 Tissue 3.2.3. Polymerase Chain Reaction 20 3.2.3.1 Preparation of master mix 20 3.2.3.2. PCR cycle condition 23 3.2.4. Preparation Of 8% Polyacrylamide 24 Gel 3.2.4.1. Gel Preparation Ingredients 24 3.2.4.2. Reagent Setup 24-25 3.2.4.3. Procedure 25-26 4. RESULT 27-28 4.1. DATA ANALYSIS 27-28 5. DISCUSSION 29-31 6. SUMMARY 32 7. REFERENCE 33-45 8. ABSTRACT 46

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.