Popular woodworking practical shop math: portable, accurate, complete PDF
Preview Popular woodworking practical shop math: portable, accurate, complete
POPULAR WOODWORsKING hop practical math PORTABLE. ACCURATE. COMPLETE. TOM BEGNAL POPULAR WOODWORKING BOOKS CINCINNATI, OHIO www.popularwoodworking.com LL660055002200__MMaatthh__PP000011__001133..iinndddd 11 55//1111//0066 99::0033::4488 PPMM read this important safety notice To prevent accidents, keep safety in mind while you work. Use the safety guards installed on power equipment; they are for your protection. When working on power equipment, keep fi ngers away from saw blades, wear safety goggles to prevent injuries from fl ying wood chips and sawdust, wear ear protectors, and consider installing a dust vacuum to reduce the amount of airborne sawdust in your woodshop. Don’t wear loose cloth- ing, such as neckties or shirts with loose sleeves, or jewelry, such as rings, necklaces or bracelets, when working on power equipment. Tie back long hair to prevent it from getting caught in your equipment. People who are sensitive to certain chemicals should check the chemical content of any product before using it. The authors and editors who compiled this book have tried to make the contents as accurate and correct as possible. Plans, illustrations, photographs and text have been carefully checked. All instructions, plans and projects should be carefully read, studied and understood before beginning construction. Due to the variability of local conditions, construction materials, skill levels, etc., neither the author nor Popular Woodworking Books assumes any responsibility for any acci- dents, injuries, damages or other losses incurred resulting from the mate- rial presented in this book. Prices listed for supplies and equipment were current at the time of publication and are subject to change. Glass shelv- ing should have all edges polished and must be tempered. Untempered glass shelves may shatter and can cause serious bodily injury. Tempered shelves are very strong and if they break will just crumble, minimizing personal injury. METRIC CONVERSION CHART to convert to multiply by Inches . . . . . . . . . . .Centimeters . . . . . . . . . 2.54 Centimeters . . . . . . . . Inches . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 Feet . . . . . . . . . . . . .Centimeters . . . . . . . . . 30.5 Centimeters . . . . . . . . .Feet . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.03 Yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 LL660055002200__MMaatthh__PP000011__001133..iinndddd 22 55//1111//0066 99::0033::4488 PPMM POPULAR WOODWORKING PRACTICAL SHOP MATH. Copyright © 2006 by Tom Begnal. Printed and bound in China. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passages in a review. Published by Popular Woodworking Books, an imprint of F&W Publications, Inc., 4700 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45236. First edition. Distributed in Canada by Fraser Direct 100 Armstrong Avenue Georgetown, Ontario L7G 5S4 Canada Distributed in the U.K. and Europe by David & Charles Brunel House Newton Abbot Devon TQ12 4PU England Tel: (+44) 1626 323200 Fax: (+44) 1626 323319 E-mail: [email protected] Distributed in Australia by Capricorn Link P.O. Box 704 Windsor, NSW 2756 Australia Visit our Web site at www.popularwoodworking.com for information on more resources for wood- workers. Other fine Popular Woodworking Books are available from your local bookstore or direct from the publisher. 10 09 08 07 06 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Begnal, Tom, 1947- Popular woodworking practical shop math / Tom Begnal. -- 1st ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN-13: 978-1-55870-783-2 (hc.: alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-55870-783-2 (hc.: alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-1-55870-947-8 (EPUB)(cid:13)(cid:10) 1. Woodwork--Mathematics. 2. Shop mathematics I. Title. TT180.B422 2006 684’.080151--dc22 2006004239 ACQUISITIONS EDITOR: Jim Stack EDITOR: Amy Hattersley DESIGNER: Brian Roeth COVER PHOTOGRAPHER: Tim Grondin ILLUSTRATOR: Hayes Shanesy PRODUCTION COORDINATOR: Jennifer L. Wagner LL660055002200__MMaatthh__PP000011__001133..iinndddd 33 55//1111//0066 99::0033::4488 PPMM DEDICATION To my remarkable children Collen, Kevin and Brendan about the author Tom Begnal was managing editor of The Wood- worker’s Journal magazine for more than fi fteen years. He has written or edited woodworking and how-to books for several publishers includ- ing F+W Publications (Popular Woodworking Books), McGraw-Hill, Rodale Press and Sterling Publishing. Currently an associate editor at Fine Woodworking magazine, he lives in Kent, Con- necticut. LL660055002200__MMaatthh__PP000011__001133..iinndddd 44 55//1111//0066 99::0033::4488 PPMM acknowledgements I extend my thanks to the folowing organizations for their valuable help with this book: L.S. Starrett Company, Athol, Massachusetts; National Particleboard Association, Gaithersburg, Maryland and the Western Wood Products As- sociation, Portland, Oregon. Finally, many thanks to Jim Stack at Popular Woodworking Books for his efforts to produce this updated edition of the book. LL660055002200__MMaatthh__PP000011__001133..iinndddd 55 55//1111//0066 99::0033::4499 PPMM s t n e table of t n o c LL660055002200__MMaatthh__PP000011__001133..iinndddd 66 55//1111//0066 99::0033::4499 PPMM INTRODUCTION 2 Basic Woodshop Arithmetic PART ONE ONE Understanding Fractions . . . 15 TWO Working With Fractions . . . 27 THREE Understanding Decimals . . . 46 FOUR Working With Decimals . . . 53 FIVE Powers and Roots . . . 74 Basic Woodshop Geometry PART TWO SIX Common Geometric Shapes . . . 85 SEVEN Plane Figure Formulas . . . 105 EIGHT Solid Figure Formulas . . . 113 NINE Basic Geometric Construction . . . 118 TEN Basic Geometric Theorems . . . 140 Using Math in the Woodshop PART THREE ELEVEN Enlarging Grid Patterns . . . 147 TWELVE Simplifying Compound Angles . . . 155 THIRTEEN Solving Right Triangles . . . 160 FOURTEEN Applying Handy Woodshop Formulas . . . 168 FIFTEEN Converting a Photograph Into a Dimensioned Drawing . . . 192 SIXTEEN Reading Micrometers and Calipers . . . 199 APPENDIX 207 INDEX 236 LL660055002200__MMaatthh__PP000011__001133..iinndddd 77 55//1111//0066 99::0033::4499 PPMM topic index PART ONE Basic Woodshop Arithmetic CHAPTER ONE Understanding Fractions 15 15 What Is a Fraction? 16 Reading Fractions 16 Fractions and Division 16 Types of Fractions 17 Reducing Fractions to Lowest Terms 19 Raising Fractions to Higher Terms 19 Equivalent Fractions 19 Making a Whole Number a Fraction 20 Common Denominators 23 Like Fractions and Unlike Fractions 24 Mixed Numbers CHAPTER TWO Working With Fractions 27 27 Adding Fractions 32 Subtracting Fractions 36 Multiplying Fractions 40 Dividing Fractions CHAPTER THREE Understanding Decimals 46 46 Place Value and Decimals 47 The Place Value Chart 49 Zero as a Placeholder 49 Adding Zero to the End of a Decimal 50 Comparing Decimals 51 Changing a Decimal to a Fraction 52 Changing a Fraction to a Decimal LL660055002200__MMaatthh__PP000011__001133..iinndddd 88 55//1111//0066 99::0033::4499 PPMM
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