Pope Gregory X and the Crusades PDF
Preview Pope Gregory X and the Crusades
P O P P G X E OPE REGORY G R E AND THE Pope Gregory X stood at the very centre of the crusading movement in the G O later thirteenth century. An able diplomat, he showed himself adept at R CRUSADES navigating the political waters of Europe and the Mediterranean World. Y His crusade gained the participation of virtually all of the leaders of X Western Europe, and even the Byzantine emperor and the Ilkhan of the A Mongols: crucial if his crusade were to have a chance of defeating the very N formidable and successful Mamluk Sultan Baybars. However, Gregory's D premature death put paid to his crusade plans. T H Perhaps because of this, Gregory has hitherto been somewhat neglected by E historians –a gap which this book aims to fill. It provides a full account of C his contribution to the Crusades, demonstrating that he left a lasting mark R U on how crusading would operate in the years to come. S A D PHILIPBALDWINreceived his doctorate from Queen Mary, University of London. E S Cover image: Niccolò and Matteo Polo transmitting a letter from the Great Khan to Tedaldo Visconti, newly elected Pope Gregory X, in Acre in 1271. From Marco Polo’s Le Livre des merveilles. BnF Français 2810, f. 4v; reproduced by permission of the Bibliothèque nationale de France. P H I L Studies in the History of Medieval Religion I P B . B A L D W I N PHILIP B. BALDWIN an imprint of Boydell & Brewer Ltd PO Box 9, Woodbridge IP12 3DF (GB) and 668 Mt Hope Ave, Rochester NY14620-2731 (US) www.boydellandbrewer.com Studies in the History of Medieval Religion VOLUME XLI POPE GREGORY X AND THE CRUSADES Studies in the History of Medieval Religion ISSN 0955–2480 Founding Editor Christopher Harper-Bill Series Editor Frances Andrews Previously published titles in the series are listed at the back of this volume POPE GREGORY X AND THE CRUSADES PHILIP B. BALDwIN THE BOYDELL PRESS © Philip B. Baldwin 2014 All Rights Reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner The right of Philip B. Baldwin to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 First published 2014 The Boydell Press, woodbridge ISBN 978–1–84383–916–3 The Boydell Press is an imprint of Boydell & Brewer Ltd PO Box 9, woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK and of Boydell & Brewer Inc. 668 Mt Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620–2731, USA website: www.boydellandbrewer.com A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library The publisher has no responsibility for the continued existence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. This publication is printed on acid-free paper For My Parents This book is produced with the generous assistance of a grant from Isobel Thornley’s Bequest to the University of London Contents Acknowledgements ix Abbreviations x Introduction 1 1 The Early Life of Pope Gregory X 13 2 ‘we Saw with Our Eyes and Felt with Our Very Own Hand’: The 40 Importance of Understanding the Condition of the Holy Land 3 Interim Crusade Planning 75 4 A Problem of Governance? Pope Gregory X, Charles of Anjou, 104 and the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem 5 Political Exigencies and Gregory’s Crusade 137 6 Imagining Gregory’s Crusade 168 Conclusion 221 Bibliography 227 Index 241 Acknowledgements Throughout my research for this book, I have benefited from the help and advice of many people. First and most of all, I would like to thank Tom Asbridge for his guidance through my studies at the University of London, and beyond. I would also like to thank Malcolm Barber, Simon Barton, Stephen Bennett, Brenda Bolton, Andrew Buck, Nikolaos Chrissis, Peter Denley, Peter Edbury, Susan Edgington, Richard Greenfield, Martin Hall, Bernard Hamilton, Ahmet Hilmi, Konrad Hirschler, Adnan Husain, Kati Ihnat, Andrew Jotischky, Antonella Liuzzo Scorpo, Kathleen Neal, Erik Niblaeus, Jonathan Phillips, William Purkis, Yossi Rapoport, Donald Richards, Jonathan Riley-Smith, Miri Rubin, Tom Smith, Chris Wilson, and Chris Woolgar. Everyone at Boydell & Brewer has been an immense help in seeing this work to publication. As always, any errors that remain are mine alone. This book has been published with the help of grants from the late Miss Isobel Thornley’s Bequest to the University of London. My work has also benefited from funding through the Overseas Research Students Awards Scheme provided by the British Council. Finally, I would also like to thank my family for their steadfast encouragement throughout the years, often even from across an ocean.
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