Pompeii: Art, Industry and Infrastructure

201 Pages·2011·38.152 MB·English

by  Eric Poehler (ed.), Miko Flohr (ed.), Kevin Cole (ed.)

PomPeii

Art, industry
and infrastructure
edited by
Eric Poehler, Miko Flohr and Kevin Cole
oXBoW BooKS
Oxford and Oakville
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oxbow Books, oxford, UK
© oxbow Books and the individual authors, 2011
iSBN 978-1-84217-984-0
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Front cover: View of an atrium at Pompeii. Photograph © Will Collins, with permission
A CiP record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Pompeii : art, industry, and infrastructure / edited by eric Poehler, miko Flohr, and Kevin Cole.
p. cm.
includes bibliographical references and index.
iSBN 978-1-84217-984-0 (alk. paper)
1. Pompeii (extinct city)--Antiquities--Congresses. 2. Pompeii (extinct city)--intellectual life--Congresses. 3. Pompeii
(extinct city)--Social life and customs--Congresses. 4. Pompeii (extinct city)--economic conditions--Congresses. 5. Art-
-italy--Pompeii (extinct city)--Congresses. 6. Architecture--italy--Pompeii (extinct city)--Congresses. 7. City and town life--
italy--Pompeii (extinct city)--Congresses. 8. industries--italy--Pompeii (extinct city)--Congresses. i. Poehler, eric. ii. Flohr,
miko. iii. Cole, Kevin, 1971- iV. Archaeological institute of America. General meeting (108th : 2007 : San Diego, Calif.)
DG70.P7P637 2011
937’.72568--dc22
2011004972
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Hobbs the Printers Ltd, Totton, Hampshire
Contents
List of Contributors v
List of Figures vii
Abbreviations xi
maps xii
introduction 1
Eric Poehler, Miko Flohr and Kevin Cole
Art
1. Beyond Painting in Pompeii’s Houses: Wall ornaments and Their Patrons 10
Jessica Powers
2. The Sculpture of the Casa di octavius Quartio at Pompeii 33
Francesca C. Tronchin
3. Porticus and Cryptoporticus in Luxury Villa Architecture 50
Mantha Zarmakoupi
4. Playful Workers. The Cupid Frieze in the Casa dei Vettii 62
Francesco de Angelis
Industry
5. Disruption or Continuity? The Spatio-Visual evidence of Post earthquake Pompeii 74
Michael Anderson
6. Reconsidering the atrium House: Domestic fullonicae at Pompeii 88
Miko Flohr
7. Pottery Production in Pompeii: an overview 103
Myles McCallum
Infrastructure
8. What was a via? An integrated Archaeological and Textual Approach 115
Alan Kaiser
iv Contents
9. Lead Contamination in the Drinking Water of Pompeii 131
Duncan Keenan-Jones, John Hellstrom and Russell Drysdale
10. Practical matters: infrastructure and the Planning for the Post-earthquake
Forum at Pompeii 149
Eric Poehler
Bibliography 164
List of Contributors
Michael Anderson holds a doctoral degree from the Alan Kaiser completed a Ph.D. in classical archaeology
University of Cambridge (2004) and works as assistant at the University of Boston (1999) and currently is
professor at San Francisco State University. He is associate professor of archaeology at the University of
director of the Via Consolare Project in Pompeii. evansville, indiana.
Kevin Cole holds a Ph.D. in classical art and Duncan Keenan-Jones has recently completed a
archaeology from the University of Virginia (2009) doctoral degree at at macQuarie University, Sidney,
and is now a faculty member in Art History, History where he is now a research and teaching assistant.
and Visual Arts at miami international University of
Myles McCallum is associate professor of Classics in
Art and Design. He has wide field experience in both
Saint mary’s University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and is
italy and Greece.
finds director at the Pompeii Archaeological Research
Francesco de Angelis completed his dissertation at the Project: Porta Stabia.
Scuola Normale Superiore at Pisa (2003), and now is
Eric Poehler completed his dissertation in classical
an associate professor in Roman Art and Archaeology
archaeology at the University of Virginia (2009)
at Columbia University in New York City.
and now is assistant professor at the university of
Russell Drysdale is Conjoint Seniour Lecturer in the massachussets at Amherst. He is co-director of
School of environmental and Life Sciences, Newcastle the Pompeii Quadriporticus Project, director of
University, Australia. His research focuses on global architectural research for the Pompeii Archaeological
environmental change, particularly the use of natural Research Project, Porta Stabia and managing editor of
archives to reconstruct past climates. the website Pompeiana.org.
Miko Flohr holds a Ph.D. in classical archaeology Jessica Powers is the Gilbert m. Denman, Jr., Curator
from Radboud University Nijmegen in the Nether- of Art of the Ancient mediterranean World at the
lands (2010), and currently works as assistant director San Antonio museum of Art. She holds a Ph.D. in
of the Roman economy Project at the University of classical art and archaeology from the University of
oxford. At Pompeii, he directed the Cleaning the michigan (2006).
Laundries project.
Francesca Tronchin earned her Ph.D. in 2006 from
John Hellstrom has been a research fellow at Royal Boston University. She is currently Assistant Professor
Holloway, monash University, and since 2002, at the of Art History at Rhodes College in memphis,
University of melbourne, after completing a Ph.D. Tennessee.
in the Research School of earth Sciences, Australian
Mantha Zarmakoupi completed a D.Phil. at the
National University on paleoenvironmental records
University of oxford (2007) and currently works as
from the isotope geochemistry of New Zealand cave
a Humboldt postdoctoral fellow at the University of
formations.
Cologne. She is initiator and director of the VR Digital
model of the Villa of the Papyri Project.

List of Figures
All pictures were made by the authors of the chapters to which they belong, unless indicated otherwise.
Fig. 1.1 – The Casa degli Amorini dorati (Vi 16, Fig. 1.11 – Painted marble panel depicting the
7.38) and its wall ornaments (adapted from Seiler slaugher of the Niobids from the Casa del marinaio
1992, fig. 529; drawing of gold-glass medallion after (Vii 15, 2). mANN, inv. no. 109370 (Photo:
NSc 1908, fig. 5). SAP).
Fig. 1.2 – Casa degli Amorini dorati (Vi 16, 7.38): Fig. 1.12 – House i 13, 16 and i 11, 12: plans
view across the peristyle from northeast. with locations of wall ornaments (adapted from
Fig. 1.3 – Casa degli Amorini dorati (Vi 16, 7.38): Jashemski 1993, plans 14 and 16).
peristyle, south portico: mask relief and painted Fig. 1.13 – House i 13, 16: garden triclinium during
medallions (Photo: SAP, neg. D80735.). excavation (Photo: SAP, neg. A8692).
Fig. 1.4 – Casa degli Amorini dorati (Vi 16, 7.38):
peristyle, east wall with obsidian panel to the right Fig. 2.1 – Casa di octavius Quartio (ii 2, 2): plan
of the door to the atrium. with locations of sculpture.
Fig. 1.5 – Casa dell’efebo (i 7, 10–12) and Casa Fig. 2.2 – Casa di octavius Quartio (ii 2, 2): plan
del Frutteto (i 9, 5): plans with locations of the of the upper terrace with locations of sculpture.
obsidian panels (adapted from Jashemski 1993, Fig. 2.3 – Glazed terracotta statuettes of Bes and a
plans 10 and 12). pharoah from the small peristyle garden.
Fig. 1.6 – Casa dell’efebo (i 7, 10–12): atrium, Fig. 2.4 – A marble statuette of a heron with a snake
east wall with obsidian panel between the doors to in its beak from the small peristyle garden.
rooms 9 and 10. Fig. 2.5 – The lower nymphaeum and a statuette
Fig. 1.7 – Cameo-glass panels from the Casa di of an Amorino holding a theatrical mask (partially
m. Fabius Rufus (Vii 16, 22). mANN, inv. nos. from Jashemski 1993, 81: fig. 88).
153652 and 153651 (Photo: SAP). Fig. 2.6 – Statuette of a sleeping Hermaphrodite
Fig. 1.8 – Slate and marble intarsia panel depicting from the south end of the garden.
Venus from the Domus Volusii Fausti (i 2, 10). Fig. 2.7 – Statuettes of muses from the upper
mANN, inv. No. 109678 (Photo: SAP). canal.
Fig. 1.9 – Domus Volusii Fausti (i 2, 10): plan Fig. 2.8 – Heads of a bearded and younger Dionysos
with location of the intarsia panel (adapted from from the upper canal.
Jashemski 1993, plan 5). Fig. 2.9 – Statuette of an egyptian sphinx with a
Fig. 1.10 – Slate and marble intarsia panels from bronze boss of a satyr.
House Vii 2, 38. mANN, inv. nos. 9977 and 9979 Fig. 2.10 – Statuette of the young Herakles or
(Photo: SAP). opheltes strangling a snake.
viii List of Figures
Fig. 2.11 – Statuette of a theatrical mask in a box. Fig. 5.2 – House Vi 15, 5.24–25: access and
Fig. 2.12 – Three statuettes of animal hunt visibility maps (plan after eschebach 1970).
scenes. Fig. 5.3 – Casa di Julius Polyvius (iX 13, 1–3): access
Fig. 2.13 – Telamon in the shape of a satyr, found and visibility maps (plan after CTP).
near the entrance to the garden. Fig. 5.4 – Casa del Sacello iliaco (i 6, 4): access and
visibility maps (plan after CTP).
Fig. 3.1 – oplontis, Villa A: plan (after Förtsch Fig. 5.5 –Casa di Salve Lucru (Vii 1, 25.46.47):
1993, pl. 69, 4). access and visibility (plan after CTP).
Fig. 3.2 – Stabia, Villa San marco: plan (after Salza Fig. 5.6 – Casa dell’efebo (i 7, 10–12.19): access
Prina Ricotti 2002, 10, fig. 1). and visibility (plan after CTP).
Fig. 3.3 – Stabia, Villa Arianna A: plan (after Pisapia Fig. 5.7 – Casa di m. obellius Firmus (iX 14,
1989, 37, fig. 10). 2.4.b): access and visibility (plan after CTP).
Fig. 3.4 – Herculaneum, Villa of the Papyri: plan
(after Wojcik 1986, pl. 1). Fig. 6.1 – fullonica of Stephanus (i 6, 7): plan.
Fig. 3.5 – Stabia, Villa San marco: view inside Fig. 6.2 – fullonica of Stephanus (i 6, 7): en-
porticus 20, 5 towards garden 9. trance.
Fig. 3.6 – oplontis, Villa A: view inside crypto- Fig. 6.3 – fullonica of Stephanus (i 6, 7): atrium
porticus 24 towards porticus 40. e, basin.
Fig. 3.7 – Herculaneum, Villa of the Papyri: bird’s Fig. 6.4 – fullonica Vi 8, 20–21.2: plan after
eye view of digital model. split.
Fig. 3.8 – oplontis, Villa A: view of porticus 40 Fig. 6.5 – fullonica Vi 8, 20–21.2: overview of
enclosing garden 59. peristyle from oecus 12.
Fig. 3.9 – oplontis, Villa A: view of cryptoporticus Fig. 6.6 – fullonica Vi 8, 20–21.2: NW corner of
46 looking towards peristyle 32. the peristyle.
Fig. 6.7 – fullonica Vi 8, 20–21.2: pillar with
Fig. 4.1 – Casa dei Vetti (Vi 15, 1): Plan (from painted scenes of fullers at work, e face.
Dickmann 1999, pl. 7.7g). Fig. 6.8 – fullonica Vi 14, 21–22: Plan.
Fig. 4.2 – Casa dei Vetti (Vi 15, 1): Plan of oecus Fig. 6.9 –fullonica Vi 14, 21–22: impluvium with
(q) with distribution of Cupid vignettes. marble furniture contemporary to the workshop
Fig. 4.3 – Casa dei Vetti (Vi 15, 1): Chariot race in the back yard.
of Cupids (DAiR, Neg. 31.2741). Fig. 6.10 – fullonica Vi 14, 21–22: room P, west
Fig. 4.4 – Casa dei Vetti (Vi 15, 1): Cupids as fullers wall with fourth style decoration.
(DAiR, Neg. 31.2737).
Fig. 4.5 – Casa dei Vetti (Vi 15, 1): Cupids as Fig. 7.1 – The Via Superior pottery workshop:
goldsmiths (DAiR, Neg. 31.2736). plan including the associated commercial strip
Fig. 4.6 – Casa dei Vetti (Vi 15, 1): Cupids as building.
perfume makers (DAiR, Neg. 31.2739). Fig. 7.2 – Pottery workshop i 20, 2–3: plan.
Fig. 4.7 – Casa dei Vetti (Vi 15, 1): Cupids as Fig. 7.3 – Casa di Stefano (i 7, 2–3): Cupids
garland makers (DAi, Neg. 31.2551). ornately decorated vase (from NSc 1926, 12).
Fig. 4.8 – Herculaneum, Casa dei Cervi (iV, 21): Fig. 7.4 – Caupona of Pulcinella (i 8, 10): fresco
Cupids as perfume makers (mANN; DAiR, Neg. with potters at work (SAP, inv. 45622).
61.1024).
Fig. 4.9 – Casa di Trittolemo (Vii 7, 5): Cupids as Fig. 8.1 – Pompeii: street map indicating depth of
perfume makers (Trendelenburg 1873, tav. 3.2b). street from city gates.
Fig. 8.2 – Pompeii: street map indicating depth of
Fig. 5.1 – Casa del Sacello iliaco (i 6, 4), courtyard streets from forum.
m: gypsum blocks.
List of Figures ix
Fig. 8.3 – Pompeii: street map indicating the concentration (determined from 206Pb concen-
number of intersections for each street. tration) along the growth axis.
Fig. 8.4 – Pompeii: street map indicating distance Fig. 99..99 –– PPPiiisssccciiinnnaaa mmmiiirrraaabbbiiillliiisss sssaaammmpppllleee llleeeaaaddd cccooonnnccceeennn---
between doorways (after Laurence 1994 figs. tration (206Pb) along the growth axis.
6.1–6.4).
Fig. 10.1 – map of Forum Area.
Fig. 9.1 – The water system of Pompeii. Fig. 10.2 – So-called Arch of Nero (Photo: Kevin
Fig. 9.2 – Aqua Augusta and Abella aqueduct Cole).
routes. Fig. 10.3 – Ramp and drain opening on Vicolo del
Fig. 9.3 – Lead junctions, with associated taps, from Balcone pensile (Photo: Kevin Cole).
the water system of Pompeii. Fig. 10.4 – Drains on macellum (Photo: Kevin
Fig. 9.4 – enlarged photograph of Pompeii water Cole).
tower 5 sample. Fig. 10.5 – Lava curbstone blocking drain on Vicolo
Fig. 9.5 – Aqua Augusta and Abella aqueduct routes: del Balcone pensile (Photo: Kevin Cole).
sample locations. Fig. 10.6 – View inside macellum Drain (Photo:
Fig. 9.6 – median lead concentrations. Kevin Cole).
Fig. 9.7 – Lead concentration regression slopes Fig. 10.7 – View of Vicolo del Foro.
divided by median lead concentration. Fig. 10.8 – Forum Latrine sewer beneath Vicolo
Fig. 9.8 – Pompeii water tower 5 sample lead del Granaio (Photo: Kevin Cole).