Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis PDF
Preview Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis
Jozef Rovenský · Burkhard F. Leeb Howard Bird · Viera Štvrtinová · Richard Imrich Editors Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis SpringerWienNewYork Editors Prof.JozefRovenský,MD,DSc,FRCP,Slovakia Dr.BurkhardF.Leeb,Austria Prof.HowardBird,MD,FRCP,UnitedKingdom Prof.VieraŠtvrtinová,MD,PhD,Slovakia Dr.RichardImrich,Slovakia Printedwithfinancialsupportof RocheSlovenskos.r.p.,NycomedSlovakias.r.o.andAbbotSlovakiaLtd. Thisworkissubjecttocopyright. Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallythe rightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproduction onmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks. Product liability: The publisher can giveno guaranteefor the information contained in thisbook.Thisdoesalsorefertoinformationaboutdrugdosageandapplicationthereof. Ineveryindividualcasetherespectiveusermustcheckitsaccuracybyconsulting other pharmaceuticalliterature. 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PhotoCredits: ©NguyenGK,LeeMW,GinsbergJ,WraggT,BilodeauD.:Coverphoto ©withcourtesyofAssoc.Prof.MD.I.Makaiová,PhD.: PETscan–inGiantcellarteritis,fig.23and24(p.91) ©allotherfigureswithcourtesyoftheeditorsandauthors CoverDesign:WMXDesignGmbH,Heidelberg,Germany Typesetting:le-texpublishingservicesGmbH,Leipzig,Germany Printingandbinding:StraussGmbH,Mörlenbach,Germany Printedonacid-freeandchlorine-freebleachedpaper SPIN:12555901 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009930748 With27coloredfigures ISBN978-3-211-99358-3 SpringerWienNewYork Preface In the present monograph, we offer current insights into polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arthritis. Both diseases are typical for advanced age, and their incidences increase with aging. Both diseases are a center point of interest not only for rheuma- tologists, gerontologists, ophthalmologists or neurologists, but also for general practi- tioners. Early diagnosis and rapid treatment, mainly with glucocorticoids can save one of the most precious senses-vision. Damage to other organs (heart, aorta, coro- nary arteries, liver, lungs, kidneys), which are supplied by the arteries affected by ischemic syndrome in the setting of giant cell arthritis, has serious consequences as well. Late diagnosis of giant cell arthritis can have fatal consequences for affected patients. It is a matter of fact that the human population is aging. Therefore, more attention has to be paid not only to diagnosis, clinical course and treatment of rheumatic dis- eases in elderly, but also to their genetic, immunologic, endocrinologic, chronobiologic mechanisms, and state-of-the-art diagnostic modalities. I am convinced that the inter- disciplinary research of the diseases will allow us to diagnose and treat the rheumatic diseases even faster and more effectively in the future. The monograph is a result of cooperation among five institutions; the National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases in Piestany, Slovakia; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital Leeds, United Kingdom, the Department of Rheumatology in Stockerau, Austria; the Medical School of Comenius University in Bratislava and the Institute of Experimental Endo- crinology in Bratislava, Slovakia. It is my great pleasure to appreciate the Slovak Re- search and Development Agency (APVV) for its financial support of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arthritis research (this work was supported by Science and Technology Assistance Agency under the contract. No APVT-21-032304). On behalf of all authors, Prof. MUDr. Jozef Rovenský, DSc. FRCP Contents 1 Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis – an overview with a focus on important factors contributing to the severity of the disease... 1 Jozef Rovenský, Burkhard F. Leeb, Viera Štvrtinová, Richard Imrich, Juraj Duda 2 Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Temporal Arteritis and Occurrence of Malignant Tumors............................................................... 15 Jozef Rovenský, Alena Tuchyňová 3 Coronary involvement and atherosclerosis in Giant Cell Arteritis......... 21 Viera Štvrtinová, Jozef Rovenský, Alena Tuchyňová 4 T cells and their role in Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis............................................................ 25 Stanislava Blažíčková, Jozef Rovenský 5 Cytokines in Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis............ 31 Jozef Rovenský, Richard Imrich 6 Genetic factors in Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica...... 33 Vladimír Bošák 7 Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and vascular complications................ 37 Viera Štvrtinová, Svetoslav Štvrtina, Jozef Rovenský 8 Chronobiology of Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis...... 49 Howard Bird viii Contents 9 Histopathology of Giant Cell (temporal) Arteritis – changes in aorta..... 55 Svetoslav Štvrtina, Jozef Rovenský 10 Ultrasonography in Polymyalgia Rheumatica and/or Giant Cell Arteritis......................................................... 63 Peter Poprac, Jozef Rovenský 11 Therapy of Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis.............. 67 Jozef Rovenský, Richard Imrich 12 Diagnostic Criteria, Treatment, and Monitoring of Polymyalgia Rheumatica/Giant Cell Arteritis.................................................. 71 Burkhard F. Leeb, Thomas Nothnagl, Martin Steindl, Bernhard Rintelen Figures........................................................................................ 83 List of Contributors Prof. Howard Bird, MD, FRCP Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital Leeds, United Kingdom E-mail: [email protected] Ass. Prof. Stanislava Blažíčková, Ing. PhD Slovakia National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piešťany, Slovakia E-mail: [email protected] Ass. Prof. Vladimír Bošák, Dr. PhD Slovakia National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piešťany, Slovakia Faculty of Health, Care and Social Work, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia E-mail: [email protected] Juraj Duda, MD County Hospital, Michalovce, Slovakia x List of Contributors Richard Imrich, MD, PhD Slovakia Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Burkhard F. Leeb 1st and 2nd Department of Medicine, Center for Rheumatology, Lower Austria; State Hospital Stockerau, Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Rheumatology Stockerau, Austria E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Thomas Nothnagl 1st and 2nd Department of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology, Lower Austria; State Hospital Stockerau; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Rheumatology. Stockerau, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Assoc. Prof. Peter Poprac MD, PhD Slovakia National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piešťany, Slovakia E-mail: [email protected] Bernhard Rintelen 1st and 2nd Department of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology, Lower Austria; State Hospital Stockerau; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Rheumatology. Stockerau, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Prof. Jozef Rovenský, MD, DSc, FRCP, Slovakia National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piešťany, Slovakia E-mail: [email protected] List of Contributors xi Martin Steindl 1st and 2nd Department of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology, Lower Austria; State Hospital Stockerau; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Rheumatology. Stockerau, Austria E-mail: [email protected] Svetoslav Štvrtina, MD, PhD. Slovakia Department of Pathology Medical Faculty Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia E-mail: [email protected] Prof. Viera Štvrtinová, MD, PhD Slovakia 2nd Internal Clinic Medical Faculty, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia E-mail: [email protected] Alena Tuchyňová, MD, PhD Slovakia National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piešťany, Slovakia E-mail: [email protected]
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