Polymeric Nanofibers

452 Pages·2006·46.128 MB·English

by  Darrell H. Reneker and Hao Fong (Eds.)

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In Polymeric Nanofibers; Reneker, D., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
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In Polymeric Nanofibers; Reneker, D., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 918
Polymeric Nanofibers
Darrell H. Reneker, Editor
acs.org 8.fw001 The University of Akron
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2, 2009 | htt0.1021/bk-2 South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
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American Chemical Society, Washington, DC
In Polymeric Nanofibers; Reneker, D., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Polymer nanofibers / Darrell H. Reneker, editor ; Hao Fong, editor ; sponsored by the
ACS Division of Polymer Chemistry, Inc.
p. cm. — (ACS symposium series ; 918)
"Developed from a symposium sponsored by the Division of Polymer Chemistry,
Inc. at the 226th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, NY,
September 7-11, 2004"—Pref.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
acs.org 8.fw001 ISBN-13: 978-0-8412-3919-7 (alk. paper)
bs.91 1. Textile fibers, Synthetic—Congresses. 2. Polymers—Congresses. 3.
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October 206 | doi: 1 T67S71'5.4478—.5.dPc62224 2005 2005048311
0 on 3, 20 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American
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4.y National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library
166.6bruar Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
ed by 212.n Date: Fe DCoisptryirbiugthetd © b y2 0O0x6f oArdm eUrinciavne rCsihtye mPriceasls Society
oadatio ISBN 10: 0-8412-3919-3
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PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
In Polymeric Nanofibers; Reneker, D., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
Foreword
The ACS Symposium Series was first published in 1974 to pro
vide a mechanism for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The
purpose of the series is to publish timely, comprehensive books devel
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bs.91 other organizations when the topic is of keen interest to the chemistry
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0 on 3, 20 manuscripts are prepared in camera-ready format.
4.1y 2 As a rule, only original research papers and original review
166.6bruar papers are included in the volumes. Verbatim reproductions of previ
ed by 212.n Date: Fe ously published papers are not accepted.
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In Polymeric Nanofibers; Reneker, D., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
Preface
This book is based upon the Symposium on Polymeric Nano
fibers that was held in New York, New York at the 226th National
Meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS) September 7-11,
org 001 2003. The symposium had about 75 oral presentations and posters.
acs.8.pr Although the use of electrical forces to produce fibers traces
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6.64.uary 1900s, electrospun polymeric nanofibers were used in the filtration
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The electro-hydro-dynamical science relevant to electrospinning is
intellectually challenging. The growth of interest in that decade was
rapid. At about the time this symposium was held, electrospinning and
nanofibers were recognized, by analysis of publication rates and patterns
of citations, as a fast moving front of materials science.
This book contains papers that were among the first to describe
the many directions in which the science and technology of polymer
nanofibers is now evolving. This symposium was cosponsored by the
ACS Division of Polymer Science, Inc. and by the Fiber Society. Advice
on the organization was provided by Frank Ko, Heidi Schreuder Gibson,
xi
In Polymeric Nanofibers; Reneker, D., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
Gregory Rutledge, and Wayne Jones, who served as chairpersons for the
four sessions in which oral presentations were made.
Darrell H. Reneker
Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science
The University of Akron
Akron, OH 44325-3909
Hao Fong
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
org 001 South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
acs.8.pr 501 East St. Joseph Street
2, 2009 | http://pubs.0.1021/bk-2006-091 Rapid City, SD 57701-3901
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xii
In Polymeric Nanofibers; Reneker, D., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
org 001 Polymeric Nanofibers
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In Polymeric Nanofibers; Reneker, D., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
Chapter 1
Polymeric Nanofibers: Introduction
Darrell H. Reneker1 and Hao Fong2
1Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron,
Akron, OH 44325-3909
2Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South Dakota
School of Mines and Technology, 501 East Saint Joseph Street,
org 001 Rapid City, SD 57701
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2.Fe Polymeric nanofibers are rapidly finding their place in
by 21Date: nanomaterials technology. Electrospinning makes it
ded on easy to produce many kinds of nanofibers for many
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© 2006 American Chemical Society 1
In Polymeric Nanofibers; Reneker, D., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.
2
A pioneering spirit pervades this book. Each chapter tells about the early
successes of polymeric nanofibers, produced mostly by electrospinning, and
reveals the promise of future efforts. Many topics and phenomena related to
nanofibers and electrospinning do not yet have widely accepted names. No
dogma was applied in the selection or editing of the chapter. Each is simply
what the authors wrote. For each paper in this book, there are (up to the year of
2005) about 20 other papers now published on electrospinning. Several (1,2)
recent reviews are available.
The creation of fibers, by electrifying a fluid, traces back into the last years
of the 1800's. Electrostatic machines that generated potentials of hundreds of
kilovolts were then available in many laboratories. The effect of electric fields
org 001 on materials was of contemporary interest. Piezoelectric effects were
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0 on 3, 20 experiments show that this makes a dramatic demonstration with the red
12 sealing wax that is presently available.
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2.16Febr older. G. I. Taylor, in a paper entitled "Electrically Driven Jets" (5), wrote that
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charged liquid droplets. The process is often called electrospraying, and has
been a subject of continuous scientific study and development.
The earliest substantial report of electrospinning to make fibers is in
patents by A. Formhals, the first of which (6) was issued in 1934. This was
after research in the 1920's clearly established that polymers are long linear
molecules, and at the time when the synthesis of fiber forming molecules was
making dramatic progress. Formhals described electrospinning as a process for
making textile fibers, but as the textile fiber making industry developed, other
methods for making fibers came to be used.
Electrospinning lived on and was occasionally examined as a curious way
for making fibers thinner than the usual textile fibers, but neither the science
nor the technology attracted widespread attention. Baumgarten (7), in 1971,
In Polymeric Nanofibers; Reneker, D., el al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006.