Polymeric Materials With Antimicrobial Activity: From Synthesis to Applications

432 Pages·2013·13.66 MB·English

by  Alexandra Munoz-bonilla

Polymeric Materials with Antimicrobial Activity
From Synthesis to Applications
1
0
0
P
F
8-
9
9
4
2
6
2
8
7
1
8
7
9
9/
3
0
1
0.
1
oi:
d
g |
or
c.
s
s.r
b
u
p
p://
htt
n
o
3
1
0
2
er
b
m
e
v
o
N
3
. n 1
o
d
e
h
s
bli
u
P
View Online
RSC Polymer Chemistry Series
Series Editors:
Professor Ben Zhong Tang (Editor-in-Chief), The Hong Kong University of
1 Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
0
0
P Professor Alaa S. Abd-El-Aziz, University of Prince Edward Island, Canada
F
8- Professor Stephen L. Craig, Duke University, USA
9
49 ProfessorJianhua Dong,NationalNaturalScience FoundationofChina,China
2
6 Professor Toshio Masuda, Fukui University of Technology, Japan
2
8
7 Professor Christoph Weder, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
1
8
7
9
9/
3 Titles in the Series:
0
1
0. 1: Renewable Resources for Functional Polymers and Biomaterials
1
oi: 2:Molecular Design and Applications of Photofunctional Polymers and
g | d Materials
or 3: Functional Polymers for Nanomedicine
sc. 4: Fundamentals of Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization
bs.r 5: Healable Polymer Systems
u
http://p 67:: TNhaitoulr-aXl RChuebmbeisrtMrieastienriaPlos:lyVmoelrumaned1M: BalteenrdiaslsanSdcieInPcNes
n 8: Natural Rubber Materials: Volume 2: Composites and Nanocomposites
o
3 9: Conjugated Polymers: A Practical Guide to Synthesis
1
0
2 10: Polymeric Materials with Antimicrobial Activity: From Synthesis to
ber Applications
m
e
v
o
N
3
. n 1
o
d
e
h
s
bli
u
P
How to obtain future titles on publication:
A standing order plan is available for this series. A standing order will bring
delivery of each new volume immediately on publication.
For further information please contact:
BookSalesDepartment,RoyalSocietyofChemistry,ThomasGrahamHouse,
Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WF, UK
Telephone: [phone],Fax:[phone]
Email:[email protected]
Visit our website atwww.rsc.org/books
View Online
Polymeric Materials with
Antimicrobial Activity
1
00 From Synthesis to Applications
P
F
8-
9
9
4
2
6
2
8
7
1
8
97 Edited by
9/
3
0
1
0.
1 Alexandra Mun˜ oz-Bonilla
oi:
g | d Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologı´a de Polı´meros (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
or Email: [email protected]
c.
s
s.r
b
u Marı´a L. Cerrada
p
p:// Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologı´a de Polı´meros (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
htt
n Email: [email protected]
o
3
1
0
2
er and
b
m
e
v
o
N Marta Ferna´ ndez-Garcı´a
3
. n 1 Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologı´a de Polı´meros (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
o
d Email: [email protected]
e
h
s
bli
u
P
View Online
1
0
0
P
F
8-
9
9
4
2
6
2
8
7
1
8
7
9
9/
3
0
1
0.
1
oi:
d
g |
or
c.
s
s.r
b
u
p
p://
htt
n
o
3
1 RSCPolymerChemistrySeriesNo.10
0
2
er ISBN: 978-1-84973-807-1
b
m ISSN: 2044-0790
e
v
o
N AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
3
. n 1
o rTheRoyalSocietyofChemistry2014
d
e
h
blis Allrightsreserved
u
P
Apartfromfairdealingforthepurposesofresearchfornon-commercialpurposesorfor
privatestudy,criticismorreview,aspermittedundertheCopyright,DesignsandPatents
Act1988andtheCopyrightandRelatedRightsRegulations2003,thispublicationmaynot
bereproduced,storedortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withouttheprior
permissioninwritingofTheRoyalSocietyofChemistry,orinthecaseofreproductionin
accordancewiththetermsoflicencesissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgencyintheUK,
orinaccordancewiththetermsofthelicencesissuedbytheappropriateReproduction
RightsOrganizationoutsidetheUK.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidetheterms
statedhereshouldbesenttoTheRoyalSocietyofChemistryattheaddressprintedon
thispage.
TheRSCisnotresponsibleforindividualopinionsexpressedinthiswork.
PublishedbyTheRoyalSocietyofChemistry,
ThomasGrahamHouse,SciencePark,MiltonRoad,
CambridgeCB40WF,UK
RegisteredCharityNumber207890
Forfurtherinformationseeourwebsiteatwww.rsc.org
5
0
0
P
F
8-
9
9
4
2
6
2
8
7
1
8
7
9
9/ To our families
3
0
1
0.
1
oi:
d
g |
or
c.
s
s.r
b
u
p
p://
htt
n
o
3
1
0
2
er
b
m
e
v
o
N
3
. n 1
o
d
e
h
s
bli
u
P
View Online
5
0
0
P
F
8-
9
9
4
2
6
2
8
7
1
8
7
9
9/
3
0
1
0.
1
oi:
d
g |
or
c.
s
s.r
b
u
p
p://
htt
n
o
3
1
0
2
er
b
m
e
v
o
N
3
. n 1
o
d
e
h
s
bli
u
P
7
0
0
P
F
8-
99 Preface
4
2
6
2
8
7
1
8
7
9
9/
3
0
1
0.
1
oi: Today, it is clear that we are surrounded by those materials that people
d
g | commonly named as plastics and scientists prefer to designate as macro-
or moleculesorpolymers.Fromearlyinthemorningjustaftergettingupwestart
c.
s.rs using these materials, either natural or synthetic: a simple cotton towel to dry
b
u off after the shower, (a natural macromolecule); the comb or the toothbrush
p
p:// (mainly made from synthetic macromolecules); passing through the body or
htt facialcreamsformaintainingtheyouthofourskinorusedaftershaving,allof
n
3 o these cosmetics containing polymers as ingredients; our clothing (shirt, pants,
1
0 skirt, etc.) are manufactured using natural or synthetic macromolecules. Once
2
er weareready,we should gotoworkinmostcases notonfoot(althoughshoes
b
m
e are made also with polymers) but by transport. This transportation will be
v
No mostly built by polymeric-based materials whether this is public (bus, train or
. n 13 subway) or private (car). The truth is that natural and synthetic macro-
o moleculesorpolymers,plasticsorelastomers,areanindispensablepartofour
d
he daily lives and in many cases totally necessary. Once upon a time, we could
s
bli thinkthatalltheseenvelopedsystemswouldallowustohaveabetterqualityof
u
P life, keeping us safe from possible attacks from outsiders. Who among us has
notboughtthe‘‘perfect’’cleanerthatkillsalltypeofbacteria,andhaspainted
his house with antifungal plastic paint, or has purchased a freezer, air con-
ditioning or light switches that prevent bacterial proliferation? In fact, one of
our colleagues has a footrest in the office that was sold as antimicrobial.
We are looking for systems that keep clean or fight against possible
contamination and, in this way, people feel safer. This is always desirable but
moreespeciallyinhealthand/orfoodareassinceintheseenvironmentsmostof
thetoolsanddevicesundergosterilizationprocedurestoavoidcontamination.
This objective has been pursued since antiquity and people have attempted to
preventfrombecominginfected,diseasedordeceased.Today,thisaimismore
RSCPolymerChemistrySeriesNo.10
PolymericMaterialswithAntimicrobialActivity:FromSynthesistoApplications
EditedbyAlexandraMun˜oz-Bonilla,Marı´aL.CerradaandMartaFerna´ndez-Garcı´a
rTheRoyalSocietyofChemistry2014
PublishedbytheRoyalSocietyofChemistry,www.rsc.org
vii
View Online
viii Preface
than a necessity, not only from the health-care standpoint, chasing the same
goalsasourancestorsbutalsotoreachgreatersocialandeconomicwell-being.
When the RSC raised the idea for this book on polymeric materials with
antimicrobialactivity,atfirst,wehadsomedoubts.Itwasclearthatthesubject
7
0 was fascinating; we knew that because we have worked on antimicrobial
0
P
F polymericmaterials,butwhatwedidnotknowwaswhetherwewouldbeable
8-
9 tocomposeanexcellentbook,screeningalltheaspectsthatthisfieldcovers.We
9
4
2 now have no doubt, we have been very fortunate to rely on well-known
6
2
8 researchers in this wonderful and enigmatic field, offering to us not only their
7
1
8 knowledge but also their generosity. Thus, this book is intended to serve both
7
9
9/ researchersworkinginthefieldofantimicrobialpolymericmaterialsaswellas
3
10 those planning to enter into this area, but also for the many students of
0.
1 microbiology, chemistry, materials, physics, pharmacy, medicine, engineering,
doi: orothers,who,notknowingwhatthefutureholds,thinkaboutthepossibility
org | todeveloptheirscientific,technological,educationalvocationonitor,simply,
c. to acquire a background knowledge.
s
bs.r The book is divided into several chapters: Chapter 1, introduction to the
u
p://p antimicrobial polymeric materials, discusses the world of micro-organisms,
htt how they are classified, quantified and really act. Understanding that, the
n reader will be submerged in the classification of antimicrobial polymers and
o
13 the way to determine the activity of these systems. Chapter 2 describes the
0
er 2 antimicrobial activity of chitosan and its derivatives focusing on their main
mb applications in food and biomedical technologies but also in other areas, such
e
v asagriculture.Theantimicrobialpolymerswithammoniumandphosphonium
o
N
3 groups will be collected in Chapter 3. The different applications of these
. n 1 materials will also be presented, focusing more in their antimicrobial
o
d applications.Chapter4includesguanidine-basedpolymers,geminisurfactants
e
h
blis andpolymers,polymericcomplexesformedwithpolymersandantibioticsand
Pu polymers containing antibiotics. These systems present the water-soluble
antimicrobial polymers for functional cellulose fibres and hygiene paper
products. The foreword on polymeric systems that mimic antimicrobial
peptides will be presented in Chapter 5. On it, previous works dealing with
mimic antimicrobial peptides are discussed, pointing out that there are some
designrulesforthemandtrendsintheirbiologicaldata.Antimicrobialtextiles
andclothingisdetailedinChapter6,withafocusonthepreventionofinfection
diseasesinhospitals.Thepotentialofdifferentantimicrobialsystems,including
alsohalaminepolymers,whichareapprovedbytheEnvironmentalProtection
Agency, are also commented. The synthesis and characterization by X-ray
diffraction of polymeric and nonpolymeric metal complexes with special
attentiononsilveronesaredescribedinChapter7.Themodeofactionagainst
microbes is discussed as a function of the used metal character to form the
complexes. Chapter 8 is focused on polymer nanofibres with antimicrobial
activitiesobtainedbyanelectrospinningtechnique.Aswillbedisclosedinthis
chapter the unique properties of the obtained fibres, with small diameters and
large surface area to volume ratio, are of great interest in a variety of appli-
cations including filtration, tissue engineering scaffolds, drug-release systems,
View Online
Preface ix
enzyme stabilization, protective clothes, sensors, carbonaceous materials, and
controlled-drug delivery platforms. The preparation and the characteristics of
polyurethanes are rationalized in Chapter 9, where we will see that these
materials constitute a great fraction of biomedical devises. Thereof, the
7
0 requirement to understand their antifouling and antimicrobial mechanisms of
0
P
F action has primary significance. One of the great concerns, especially in
8-
9 developed countries, is our dentition. In Chapter 10, the antimicrobial poly-
9
4
2 meric dental materials including all kinds of applied materials involved in
6
2
8 the dental area, in particular those that release chlorhexidine antiseptic are
7
1
8 discussed. Moreover, essential oils and natural compounds are used mainly in
7
9
9/ thefoodindustryasantimicrobialandvirucidalsystems.Chapter11collectsall
3
10 thepropertiesofsuchsystems,withparticularattentiononthosewithvirucidal
0.
1 potential since those are less explored. The carbon-based polymer systems,
doi: whicharenowpowerfullyemergingindifferentfieldsasexceptionalcandidates
org | toshakeupnanoscienceandnanotechnology,arealsorevisedinChapter12as
c. materialsable tofightagainstmicro-organisms.Theuseofcopperandcopper
s
bs.r oxide in polymeric matrices is detailed in Chapter 13. The use of copper
u
p://p nanoparticles is nowadays remerging within the ‘‘nano’’ era. The toxicity of
htt these particles is also discussed. The preparation of polymeric (nano)compo-
n sites with zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, taking into consideration the pho-
o
13 tocatalytic activity of particles, is described in Chapter 14. The size and
0
er 2 dispersionofparticlesintothematrixiswidelydiscussedinit.Thelastchapter
mb intends to expose antimicrobial systems different than those collected in the
e
v other chapters, e.g. those based on nitric oxide, combination and synergy
o
N
3 of different approaches as innovative alternatives to fight against infections.
. n 1 Finally,wewillcommentontheexpectationsandtrendsoftheseantimicrobial
o
d materials.
e
h
s
bli
Pu Alexandra Mun˜oz-Bonilla, Marı´a L. Cerrada and
Marta Ferna´ndez-Garcı´a
Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologı´a de Polı´meros
(ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
View Online
7
0
0
P
F
8-
9
9
4
2
6
2
8
7
1
8
7
9
9/
3
0
1
0.
1
oi:
d
g |
or
c.
s
s.r
b
u
p
p://
htt
n
o
3
1
0
2
er
b
m
e
v
o
N
3
. n 1
o
d
e
h
s
bli
u
P