Polymer Technology Dictionary

560 Pages·1994·11.13 MB·English

by  Tony Whelan MSc (auth.)

Polymer Technology Dictionary
Polymer Technology
Dictionary
Tony Whelan MSC, Consultant
Formerly Director
London Polymer Consultants Ltd
New Southgate, London, UK
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V
First edition 1994
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Chapman & Hali in 1994
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1994
Typeset in 9/IOpt Times by Variorum Publishing Limited, Rugby
Printed in Great Britain by
St Edmundsbury Press Limited, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk
ISBN 978-94-010-4564-3
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study,
or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and
Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in
writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only
in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright
Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences
issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the
UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here
should be sent to the publishers at the London address printed on this page.
The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard
to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot
accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that
may be made.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data
Whelan, Tony.
Polymer technology dictionary / Tony Whelan. ~ Ist ed.
p. cm.
ISBN 978-94-010-4564-3 ISBN 978-94-011-1292-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1292-5
1. Plastics ~ Dictionaries. 2. Polymers ~ Dictionaries. 1. Title.
TPIIIO.w45 1993
668.9'03 ~ dc20 93-18950
CIP
8
Printed on acid-free text paper, manufactured in accordance with
ANSIINISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper).
CONTENTS
Preface. vii
Notes to reader viii
Dictionary
Greek 1
Numeric 2
Alphabetic 7
Tables
la. Standard (based on ISO and ASTM) abbreviations of plastics 491
1b . Standard (based on ISO and ASTM) abbreviations of rubbers 492
2a. Letters used to modify abbreviations for plastics (ISO and
ASTM) . 493
2b. Commonly-used letters used to modify abbreviations for plastics
(i.e. in addition to Table 2a) . 493
2c. Symbols used for fillers and/or reinforcing materials . 493
3. Some commonly-used abbreviations and trade names of plastics
and thermoplastic elastomers 494
4. Some abbreviations and names of plastics and elastomers 496
5a. Some trade names/trade marks, abbreviations and suppliers of
polymers and polymer compounds, sorted by alphabetical
order of trade name . 504
5b. Some trade names/trade marks, abbreviations and suppliers of
polymers and polymer compounds, sorted by alphabetical
order of abbreviation. 518
6. Drying conditions for injection moulding materials 532
7. Heat contents of some moulding materials 533
8. Shrinkage values 534
9. Relative densities of some compounding ingredients and other
materials. 535
10. Plastics identification chart . 538
11. Suggested temperatures and loads for MFR tests 539
12. Moisture content limit for good injection mouldings. 539
13. Suggested temperature settings for high shear rate rheometry. 539
14. Moldflow data for PA 6 540
15. Carbon black classification 540
Appendices
A. SI units - advice on use 541
B. SI prefixes . 541
C. Unit conversion 542
D. Temperature conversion 554
E. Relative atomic masses (atomic weights) 555
F. The Greek alphabet 555
v
PREFACE
For many years I have been actively involved in the testing, selection and pro
cessing of plastics materials. More recently I have specialized in teaching the
subject of polymer technology to people employed in industry. As a result of this
experience I realized that there was a need for a book, similar to Mark Alger's
Polymer Science Dictionary, devoted to the technology of those polymers known
as plastics and as rubbers. This is justified by the number of industries includ
ing adhesives, coatings, fibres, paints, plastics and rubbers which are based on
polymer science and technology and the vast range of different industries which
use plastics and rubbery materials. People who are extensively employed with the
selection and use of plastics and rubbers, yet have limited training and experi
ence of such materials should find this book particularly useful.
Rather than simply providing a short definition for each term, I have adopted
the approach used by Mark Alger in the complementary volume, Polymer Science
Dictionary, which is to provide an explanation of what many of the terms mean
together with necessary background information. Of course this means that
many of the entries are longer than is usual in a conventional dictionary. There
are also many terms included which are not specific to polymer technology but
are valuable in this type of handbook. These include many entries on measure
ments and units which arise as a result of the scientific and technological
communities using different systems as well as some polymer science terms.
The information presented in this book is intended to give the reader a general
overview of polymeric materials and their additives together with information
on the processing, testing and properties of certain polymeric materials.
The data presented in the Polymer Technology Dictionary does not imply any
legally binding assurance of certain properties, ease of processing or suitability
for a given purpose. The book is based on my knowledge and experience and
represents my personal opinions. To the best of my knowledge the information is
accurate; however I do not assume any responsibility whatsoever for the accu
racy and completeness of such information. I strongly recommend that the user
should seek out and adhere to manufacturers' and/or suppliers' detailed informa
tion and current instructions for the handling of each grade or type of material.
Any determination of the suitability of a material for any use contemplated by
the user, and the manner of processing is the sole responsibility of the user.
There are many factors which affect the processing and properties of polymers,
this book does not relieve the user from carrying out tests and experiments in
order to satisfy themselves that a material is suitable for their chosen application.
It is not suggested or guaranteed that any hazards outlined in this publication
are the only ones which exist and before using any equipment, processing tech
nique or material mentioned here, the user is responsible for ensuring that health
and safety standards are met. Remember there is a need to reduce human expo
sure to many organic materials to the lowest possible limits, in view of possible
long-term adverse affects.
I am not responsible for ensuring that proprietary rights are not infringed or
relevant legislation is observed. The book also includes some names which are, or
are asserted to be proprietary trade names or trademarks. The use of such pro
prietary trade names or trademarks does not apply for legal purposes of a non
proprietary or general significance, nor is any other judgement implied concerning
their legal status.
Whilst every effort has been made to check the accuracy of the information
contained in these volumes, no material should ever be selected and specified
for a component or product on a paper exercise alone. The purpose of these
volumes is to provide enough information for a short list of candidates for
testing and to reduce the number of fruitless tests. No liability can be ac
cepted for loss or damage resulting from the use of information contained
herein. Thanks are due to my many friends and colleagues throughout the
polymer industry for their useful help and advice.
Tony Whelan
London 1993
vii
NOTES TO READER
The text was sorted electronically and although this gives the order that one
would expect, there are some peculiarities which are worth mentioning.
Look up any entry according to the first letter or number given. For example,
I-butene and I-butylene should be looked up under I (one) in the numerical
entry section. Greek letters also have their own separate entries and a Greek
alphabet is listed at the end of the dictionary.
Lower case letters are placed before upper case letters so that the letter a is
filed before A. If either the lower case letter or the upper case letter is part of
a word, or phrase, which contains numbers or symbols then these numbers or
symbols influence how the entry is filed. All such numbers and symbols are
given priority over letters of the alphabet: symbols include spaces, hyphens,
oblique strokes (I), periods (full stops), and commas: these are sorted in the
order listed.
The entries for butene and butylene would be filed as follows but please
bear in mind than many other entries appear in between these entries.
I-butene
1 butene
but-I-ene
butene
butene-l
butene-type material
butene type material
butylene.
Italicized wording that appears in entries throughout the dictionary indi
cates words or phrases which are cross-referenced to alternative entries for the
reader's information.
viii
Greek entries
f3-naphthylamine
See phenyl-f3-naphthylamine (in which it occurs as a contami
nant).
a
An abbreviation used for the degree of degradation. f3-oxynaphthoic acid
Abbreviations used for this material are BON or BONA. f3-
a anomaly
oxynaphthoic acid is also known as 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic
The original term used for the glass transition temperature
acid. It is a coupling agent used in organic pigment manu
(Tg). facture.
a cellulose
An abbreviation used for alpha-cellulose. f3-pinene resin
A pinene resin made from f3-pinene.
a hardness value
A measure of the hardness of a material. See Rockwell hard f3-thionaphthol
ness. See naphthyl-f3-mercaptan.
a olefin f3-transition
One of a series of unsaturated hydrocarbons which are olefins See secondary transition.
substituted on the a carbon atom. See alkenes. Very import
ant monomers with the formula CH2 = CHR where R is an TYh is symbol is widely used to indicate elastic shear strain.
alkyl or cycloalkyl group. Where R is CH then propylene is
3 Occasionally shear rate is denoted by y without the dot above
obtained. Where R is C2HS then butylene is obtained. Where it. This practice should not be encouraged because of the
R is CH2CH(CH3h then methyl pentene is obtained. See poly possibility of confusion with elastic shear strain. Use y which
( a olefins). is the Greek letter gamma with a superimposed dot: called
a particle gamma dot. Yw is used as an abbreviation for the true shear
A helium nucleus which contains two protons and two neu rate at the wall of a die or capillary. The dot above the
trons: has a double positive electric charge. gamma denotes a first derivative with respect to time. Ywoa is
used as an abbreviation for the apparent wall shear rate at the
a Rockwell hardness value
wall of a die or capillary. It equals 4Q/R 3 where Q is the out
A measure of the hardness of a material. See Rockwell hard-
put rate and R is the die radius.
ness.
y-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
a sulphur
A coupling agent often used for epoxide resins.
See rhombic sulphur.
y cellulose
a-iso rubber
An abbreviation used for gamma-cellulose.
See iso-rubber.
y gauge
a-methyl styrene
See gamma ray gauge.
A vinyl monomer which has a boiling point of approximately
165°C and which is sometimes used as a replacement for y transition
styrene to make plastics materials (see petroleum resins). May See glass transition.
be represented as CH2 = C.Me.1> where Me is the methyl y-chloropropylene oxide
group and 1> is a benzene ring (both are joined to the same
See epichlorhydrin.
carbon atom). This monomer may be polymerized to poly
a-methyl styrene. See alpha methyl styrene. y-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane
A coupling agent often used for unsaturated polyester resin
a-pinene resin
systems. See methacrylatosilane.
A pinene resin made from a-pinene.
y-rays
a-transition
A form of high energy radiation. See radiation -effect of
See glass transition temperature.
y-transition
a-trihydrate
See secondary transition.
See aluminium hydrate and aluminium trihydrate.
o
f3 cellulose
An abbreviation used for solubility parameter.
An abbreviation used for beta-cellulose.
~
f3 naphthol
The upper case Greek letter delta is used to indicate a change
Also known as naphthalen-2-01. May be represented as
or difference. For example:
C H 0H. This material has a boiling point of 285°C, a melt
ingIO p7oint of 122°C and a relative density (RD) of 1·22. A ~H = delta H is the heat change in a chemical reaction: the
difference between two different values of enthalpy;
white solid material used, for example, as an antioxidant for
rubbers. See naphthol. ~P = delta P the difference between two different values
of pressure (P) or the pressure drop in rheological
f3 particles studies;
High velocity electrons emitted from nuclei III radioactive ~T = delta T the difference between two different values of
decay.
temperature. A change of 1°C is approximately equal
f3 ray gauge to a change of 1·8°F. °C/OF is approximately equal
See beta ray gauge. to 1·8.
f3-iso rubber E
See iso-rubber. An abbreviation used for strain and for dielectric constant.
f3-methylacrylic acid E-caprolactam
See crotonic acid. See capralactam.
ETA 2
OR
11
An abbreviation used for efficiency of reinforcement. Also An abbreviation used for degrees Reamur.
used as an abbreviation for the viscosity of a solution (see rela
1I2S d/2
tive viscosity). 11 is sometimes used to denote the coefficient of
See method S2 d2.
viscosity of a melt (see apparent viscosity).
110 = the viscosity of a pure solvent (see relative viscosity). I-butene
11rei = relative viscosity. See butene.
11sp = specific viscosity.
I-butylene
[111 = limiting viscosity number.
See butene.
A
l-chloro-2,3-epoxy propane
An abbreviation used for thermal conductivity.
See epichlorhydrin.
f.L I-hydropentafluoro propylene
Used to denote the coefficient of viscosity of a Newtonian
See hydropentajluoro propylene.
material. f.La is used as an abbreviation for apparent viscosity.
1,I-bis-( 4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane
f.L in See bisphenol Z.
An abbreviation used for micro-inch.
1,1,3-tris-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-t-butylphenyl) butane
f.L sulphur A phenylalkane antioxidant. See phenolic antioxidant.
An abbreviation used for insoluble sulphur.
1,2 BR
p
An abbreviation used for 1,2-polybutadiene. See polybutadiene
An abbreviation used for:
rubber.
density;
Reynold's number: and, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid
volume resistivity. See o-phthalic acid.
a 1,2-butadiene
An abbreviation used for stress. See butadiene and styrene-butadiene rubber.
aB = jlexural strength. 1,2-diaminoethane
a = volume resistivity.
v See ethylene diamine.
~I
1,2-dichloroethane
An abbreviation used for tensile strain.
Also known as dichloroethane or DCE.
~B
1,2-dihydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline, polymerized
An abbreviation used for elongation at break.
An abbreviation used for this type of material is TMQ. This
T is a strongly discolouring antioxidant (see staining antioxi
The Greek letter tau used to represent shear stress. dants). See dihydroquinoline derivatives and ketone-amine con
Tw = shear stress at a capillary wall densates.
Tw true = true shear stress at a capillary wall. 1,2-diphenylethene
See capillary rheometer.
See stilbene.
D
1,2-polybutadiene
The abbreviation used for ohm (resistance).
An abbreviation used for this type of material is 1,2 BR. See
D.cm = ohm.centimetre.
butadiene rubber.
D.m = ohm.meter. See volume resistivity.
1,2-polymerization
w-aminoenanthic acid
See styrene-butadiene rubber and randomizing agent.
Also known as w-aminoheptanoic acid. The monomer for
nylon 7. 1,2-propylene glycol
See propylene glycol.
w-aminoheptanoic acid
See w-aminoenanthic acid. 1,2-propylene glycol mono-Iaurate
See propylene glycol mono-laurate.
w-aminoundecanoic acid
See aminoundecanoic acid. 1,2-propylene glycol mono-oleate
See propylene glycol mono-oleate.
1,2-propylene mono-stearate
See propylene glycol mono-stearate.
Numeric entries
1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid
See isophthalic acid.
0° nylon belt
The fabric belt of a steel-braced radial tyre. This secures the 1,3-diene
tread against deforming (squirming) out of shape under load A monomer which contains two double bonds, that is, the
and minimizes tyre fatigue, for example, during prolonged main chain may be represented as C=C- C=C: such materials
high speed driving. are also vinyl monomers but are usually considered separately
as l,3-dienes.
°B
An abbreviation used for degrees Baume. See Baume scale. 1,3-dihydroxybenzene
See resorcinol.
°C
An abbreviation used for degrees Celsius or centigrade. See 1,3-diphenyl-2-thiourea
centigrade scale. See thiocarbanilide.
3 2-NAPHTHALENE MERCAPTAN
1,3-pentadiene 2:4:5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
See piperylene. An abbreviation used for this material is 2:4:5-T. A hormone
used in low concentrations to stimulate latex yield. In high
1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-triazine
concentrations it will kill rubber trees.
See melamine.
2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole
1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid
A benzotriazole derived from 2,2'-hydroxy-phenyl-benzotriazole
See terephthalic acid.
and used as an ultraviolet absorber.
1,4 BOO
2-(3'-tertiary-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-
An abbreviation used for 1.4 butane diol.
5-chlorobenzotriazole
1,4 butane diol A benzotriazole derived from 2,2'-hydroxy-phenyl-benzotriazole
An abbreviation used for this type of material is 1,4 BDO. A
and used as an ultraviolet absorber.
diol which may be used as a chain extender.
2-( 4-morpholinyl-mercapto )-benzthiazole
1,4-cycIohexanedimethanol
See N-oxydiethylbenzothiazolesulphenamide.
See cyclohexanedimethanol.
2-benzothiazole-dithio-N -morpholine
1,4-cycIohexylene glycol
An abbreviation used for this material is BDTM. A vulcan
See cyclohexanedimethanol.
ization accelerator.
1,4-cycIohexylenedimethylene terephthalateiisophthalate
2-chloro-1,3-butadiene
See poly-( 1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate-co-iso
See chloroprene.
phthalate) .
2-chloroethane phosphonic acid
1,4-diazabicycIo-2,2,2-octane
A yield stimulant used in natural rubber production. The active
Also known as diaminobicyclooctane or as, triethylene
ingredient is ethylene.
diamine. A tertiary amine which is an often used component
of a polyether foam catalyst system. Often referred to as
2-chloroethanol
DABCO. DABCO catalyses both urethane and urea for
See ethylene chlorohydrin.
mation and when used with an organometallic compound
there is a synergistic effect on urethane formation. This 2-ethylidenebicycIo-(2,2, 1) -5-heptene
means that, for example, most reaction injection moulding See ethylidene norbornene.
(RIM) formulations use mixed catalysts. A polyether foam
2-hydroxy benzophenone derivatives
could use stannous octoate, dimethylethanolamine and 1,4-
The derivatives of 2-hydroxy benzophenone (for example, 2-
diazabicyclo-2,2,2-octane as a catalyst system. The stannous
hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone) are widely used as ultra
octoate may be replaced by dibutyl tin dilaurate if there is a
violet stabilisers. The ortho placing of the hydroxyl group,
danger of hydrolysis in water-containing blends. See flexible
relative to the carbonyl group, allows tautomeric shifts to
polyurethane foam.
occur which absorb energy and help to make the incoming
1,4-dihydroxy benzene radiation harmless. By varying the organic substituent (the
See hydroquinone. X substituent) the wavelength of the UV radiation which is
absorbed may be controlled: X is an alkyl or alkoxy group.
1,4-epoxy butane
By varying this group, the wavelength which causes decom
See tetrahydrofuran.
position, or degradation, of a particular polymer can be ab
1,4-polybutadiene rubber sorbed. See substituted benzophenone.
See butadiene rubber.
2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone
1,5-naphthalene-diisocyanate A ultraviolet stabilizer. See substituted benzophenone.
See naphthalene-l,5-diisocyanate.
2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-sulpho-benzophenone
1,5 POO A ultraviolet stabilizer. See substituted benzophenone.
An abbreviation used for 1,5 pentane diol.
2-hydroxy-4-octoxy-benzophenone
1,5 pentane diol A ultraviolet stabilizer. See substituted benzophenone.
An abbreviation used for this type of material is 1,5 PDO. A
2-mercaptobenzthiazole
diol which may be used as a chain extender.
See mercaptobenzthiazole.
1,6-diaminohexane
2-mercaptoimidazoline
See hexamethylene diamine.
See ethylene thiourea.
1,6 HOO
2-mercaptonapthalene
An abbreviation used for 1,6 hexane diol.
See naphthyl-{3-mercaptan.
1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate
2-methyl-1-propanol
See hexamethylene diisocyanate.
See isobutyl alcohol.
1,6-hexanediamine
See hexamethylene diamine. 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene
See isoprene.
1,6 hexane diol
An abbreviation used for this type of material is 1,6 HDO. A 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene
diol which may be used as a chain extender. See isoprene.
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid 2-methylpropan-1-o1
See malic acid. See isobutyl alcohol.
2:4:5-T 2-naphthalene mercaptan
An abbreviation used for 2:4:5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. See naphthyl-{3-mercaptan.
2-NAPHTHALEN E-TH IOL 4
2-naphthalene-thiol 2,3,7,8 TCDD
See naphthyl-{3-mercaptan. An abbreviation used for dioxin. See dioxins.
2-nitro biphenyl 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin
See o-nitrobiphenyl. An abbreviation used for this type of material IS 2,3,7,8
TCDD or TCDD. See dioxin.
2-pentenoic acid
This acid is, for example, liberated when copolymers of poly 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate
hydroxybutyrate are heated. That is, from a HB-HV copolymer. Also known as toluene-2,4-diisocyanate. An isomer of tolylene
2-phenylindole diisocyanate.
A metal-Fee organic, heat stabilizer used with polyvinyl chloride 2,4,5-triketoimidazolidine
(P VC): it is used as a co-stabilizer, in non-toxic bottle and See polyparabanic acid.
pipe applications, with a calciumlzinc stabili::er, an epoxy
compound and a phosphite chelator. 2,5-dimercapto-I,3,4-thiadiazole
At approximately I phr this material is used as a curative for
2-propanone
acrylic rubber.
See acetone.
2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol
2,2'-dibenzthiazyl disulphide
Also known as 4-methyl-2,6-di-t-butyl phenol or as, 2,6-di
An additive used in conjunction with N-oxydiethylben::o
tertiarybutyl-p-cresol. A hindered phenol. An antioxidant.
thia::olesulphenamide (NOBS) to give an accelerator system
with less of a delayed action, and less processing safety, than 2,6-dimethyl phenol
NOBS. See ben::thia::yl disulphide. See 2,6-xylenol.
2,2'-dihydroxy diethylamine 2,6-ditertiarybutyl-p-cresol
See diethanolamine. See 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol.
2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate
A tetra-substituted benzophenone. An ultraviolet stabilizer.
Also known as toluene-2,6-diisocyanate. An isomer of tolylene
See substituted benzophenone.
diisocyanate.
2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-5-sulpho-benzophenone
2,6-xylenol
A tetra-substituted benzophenone. An ultraviolet stabilizer.
Also known as 2,6-dimethyl phenol. This isomer of xylenol has
See substituted benzophenone.
a melting point of approximately 49°C and a boiling point of
2,2'-hydroxy-phenyl-benzotriazole 212°C. It is used to make the monomer for polypropylene
The organic materials known as benzotria::oles are derived from oxide-type materials.
this material. Included in this group of ultraviolet absorbers and/
3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid
or ultraviolet stabili::ers, are 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)
See {3-oxynaphthoic acid.
benzotriazole and 2-(3'-tertiary-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-
5-chlorobenzotriazole. 3-hydroxybutyrate
An abbreviation used for this material is HB. See polyhydroxy
2,2'-iminodiethanol
butyrate.
See diethanolamine.
3-hydroxypentanoate
2,2' -thiobis-( 4-methyl-6-tert- butylphenol) Also known as 3-hydroxyvalerate or HV. See polyhydroxy
Also known as 2,2'-thiobismethyl butyl phenol. A Iight butyrate.
coloured, phenylsulphide antioxidant with a melting point of
3-hydroxyvalerate
about 85°C and which is used synergistically with carbon
Also known as 3-hydroxypentanoate or HV. See polyhydroxy
black. Useful in rubbers, polystyrene and polyolefins. See
butyrate.
phenolic antioxidant.
3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde
2,2'-thiobismethyl butyl phenol
See vanillin.
See 2,2'-thiobis-( 4-methyl-6-tert-butylpheno/).
3,3' -dimethyl-4,4' -diphenyl diisocyanate
2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile
Also known as bitolyl diisocyamate. An abbreviation used
See azobisisobutyronitrile.
for this material is TOD!. This off-white, solid material has a
2,2-bis-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol melting point of 70°C and a relative density (RD or SG) of
See pentaerythritol. 1.20. May be used as the isocyanate component to make
polyurethane rubbers. See tolylene diisocyanate.
2,2-bis-4-hydroxyphenyl propane
See bisphenol A. 3,3' ,4,4' benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride
An abbreviation used for this material is BTDA: used as a
2,2-dimethylpropane-l,3-diol monomer to prepare some polyimides.
See neopentylene glycol.
3,3,5-trimethylpentane-l,3-diol di-isobutyrate
2,2,4-trimethylpentane-l,3-diol di-isobutyrate An abbreviation used for this material is TMIB. The di
Also known as Texanol isobutyrate. The di-isobutyrate of isobutyrate of 3,3,5-trimethyl-1 ,3-pentanediol. A low-staining
2,2,4-trimethyl-I,3-pentanediol. An abbreviation used for this plastici::er for polyvinyl chloride (P VC). See 2,2,4-trimethyl
material is TXIB (also used for 3,3,5-trimethylpentane-I,4- pentane-l,3-diol di-isobutyrate.
diol di-isobutyrate). A plastici::er for PVC which is used for
3,3,5-trimethylpentane-l,4-diol di-isobutyrate
non-stain flooring and in plastisol applications, for example,
An abbreviation used for this material is TXIB. The diiso
where low and consistent plastisol viscosity is required.
butyrate of 3,3,5-trimethyl-l,4-pentanediol. A plastici::er for
2,3-dimethyl-l,3-butadiene polyvinyl chloride (PVC). See 2,2,4-trimethylpentane-l,3-diol
See dimethyl butadiene. di-isobutyrate.