Polymer Physics: From Suspensions to Nanocomposites and Beyond

776 Pages·2010·20.93 MB·English

POLYMER PHYSICS
POLYMER PHYSICS
From Suspensions to Nanocomposites
and Beyond
Edited by
LESZEKA.UTRACKI
NationalResearchCouncilCanada
Boucherville,Quebec,Canada
ALEXANDERM.JAMIESON
CaseWesternReserveUniversity
Cleveland,Ohio,USA
Copyright©2010byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Polymerphysics:fromsuspensionstonanocompositesandbeyond/[editedby]LeszekA.
Utracki,AlexanderM.Jamieson.
p.cm.
Includesindex.
ISBN978-0-470-19342-6(cloth)
1.Polymers–Viscosity.2.Polymersolutions.3.Relaxationphenomena.4.
Macromolecules.I.Utracki,L.A.,1931–II.Jamieson,AlexanderM.
QD381.9.R48P652010
547’.7–dc22
2009041800
PrintedinSingapore
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
CONTRIBUTORS ix
PREFACE xiii
RobertSimha:ALifewithPolymers 1
IvanG.OtternessandAlexanderM.Jamieson
PARTI RHEOLOGY 15
1 NewtonianViscosityofDilute,Semidilute,andConcentrated
PolymerSolutions 17
AlexanderM.JamiesonandRobertSimha
2 PolymerandSurfactantDragReductioninTurbulentFlows 89
JacquesL.ZakinandWuGe
3 NanorheologyofPolymerNanoalloysandNanocomposites 129
KenNakajimaandToshioNishi
4 VolumeRelaxationandtheLattice–HoleModel 161
RichardE.RobertsonandRobertSimha
v
vi CONTENTS
5 DynamicsofMaterialsattheNanoscale:Small-MoleculeLiquids
andPolymerFilms 191
GregoryB.McKenna
PARTII THERMODYNAMICS 225
6 EquationsofStateandFree-VolumeContent 227
PierreMoulinie´andLeszekA.Utracki
7 SpatialConfigurationandThermodynamicCharacteristics
ofMain-ChainLiquidCrystals 283
AkihiroAbeandHidemineFuruya
8 BulkandSurfacePropertiesofRandomCopolymersinViewof
theSimha–SomcynskyEquationofState 323
Hans-WernerKammerandJo¨rgKressler
9 PhysicalAging 357
John(Iain)M.G.CowieandValeriaArrighi
PARTIII POSITIONANNIHILATIONLIFETIME
SPECTROSCOPY 391
10 MorphologyofFree-VolumeHolesinAmorphousPolymersby
MeansofPositronAnnihilationLifetimeSpectroscopy 393
GiovanniConsolatiandFiorenzaQuasso
11 LocalFree-VolumeDistributionfromPALSandDynamics
ofPolymers 421
Gu¨nterDlubek
12 PositronAnnihilationLifetimeStudiesofFreeVolume
inHeterogeneousPolymerSystems 473
AlexanderM.Jamieson,BrianG.Olson,andSergeiNazarenko
PARTIV PHYSICSOFTHEPOLYMERICNANOCOMPOSITES 523
13 Structure–PropertyRelationshipsofNanocomposites 525
CyrilSender,JeanFabienCapsal,AntoineLonjon,AlainBerne`s,
PhilippeDemont,E´ricDantras,Vale´rieSamouillan,JanyDandurand,
ColetteLacabanne,andLydiaLaffont
CONTENTS vii
14 FreeVolumeinMoltenandGlassyPolymersandNanocomposites 553
LeszekA.Utracki
15 MetalParticlesConfinedinPolymericMatrices 605
LuigiNicolaisandGianfrancoCarotenuto
16 RheologyofPolymerswithNanofillers 639
LeszekA.Utracki,MaryamM.Sepehr,andPierreJ.Carreau
AppendixA:AbbreviationsandNotations 709
AppendixB:RobertSimhaPublications 737
SUBJECTINDEX 755
CONTRIBUTORS
Professor Akihiro Abe, Nano-Science Research Center, Tokyo Polytechnic
University,Atsugi,Japan
Dr. Valeria Arrighi, Chemistry, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences,
Heriot-WattUniversity,Edinburgh,UnitedKingdom
Dr. Alain Berne`s, Laboratoire de Physique des Polyme`res, CIRIMAT, Universite´
PaulSabatier,Toulouse,France
Dr.JeanFabienCapsal, LaboratoiredePhysiquedesPolyme`res,CIRIMAT,Uni-
versite´ PaulSabatier,Toulouse,France
Dr. Gianfranco Carotenuto, Istituto per I Materiali Compositi e Biomedici,
ConsiglioNazionaledelleRicerche,Napoli,Italy
ProfessorPierreJ.Carreau, ChemicalEngineeringDepartment,E´colePolytech-
nique,Montreal,Quebec,Canada
Professor Giovanni Consolati, Dipartiments di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano,
Milano,Italy
ProfessorJohn(Iain)M.G.Cowie, Chemistry,SchoolofEngineeringandPhysical
Sciences,Heriot-WattUniversity,Edinburgh,UnitedKingdom
Dr.JanyDandurand, LaboratoiredePhysiquedesPolyme`res,CIRIMAT,Univer-
site´ PaulSabatier,Toulouse,France
Dr. E´ric Dantras, Laboratoire de Physique des Polyme`res, CIRIMAT, Universite´
PaulSabatier,Toulouse,France
ix
x CONTRIBUTORS
Dr. Philippe Demont, Laboratoire de Physique des Polyme`res, CIRIMAT,
Universite´ PaulSabatier,Toulouse,France
Professor Gu¨nter Dlubek, ITA Institute for Innovative Technologies, Lieskau,
Germany
Dr. Hidemine Furuya, Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo
InstituteofTechnology,Tokyo,Japan
Dr. Wu Ge, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH, USA; presently at: Research, Development and
Quality,KraftFoods,Glenview,IL,USA
Professor Alexander M. Jamieson, Department of Macromolecular Science and
Engineering,CaseWesternReserveUniversity,Cleveland,OH,USA
Professor Hans-Werner Kammer, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti
TeknologiMara,Selangor,Malaysia
Professor Jo¨rg Kressler, Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University,
Halle–Wittenberg,Germany
ProfessorColetteLacabanne, LaboratoiredePhysiquedesPolyme`res,CIRIMAT,
Universite´ PaulSabatier,Toulouse,France
Dr.LydiaLaffont, ENSIACET,CIRIMAT,Toulouse,France
Dr.AntoineLonjon, LaboratoiredePhysiquedesPolyme`res,CIRIMAT,Universite´
PaulSabatier,Toulouse,France
ProfessorGregoryB.McKenna, DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,TexasTech
University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Ecole Supe´rieure de Physique et de Chimie In-
dustriellesdelaVilledeParis,LaboratoiredePhysicochimiedePolyme`resetdes
MilieuxDisperse´s,Paris,France
Dr.PierreMoulinie´, BayerMaterialScienceLLC,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
ProfessorKenNakajima, WPIAdvancedInstituteforMaterialsResearch,Tohoku
University,Miyagi,Japan
ProfessorSergeiNazarenko, SchoolofPolymersandHighPerformanceMaterials,
TheUniversityofSouthernMississippi,Hattiesburg,MS,USA
Professor Luigi Nicolais, Dipartimento di Ingegneria dei Materiali e della Pro-
duzione,Universita` FedericoIIdiNapoli,Napoli,Italy
Professor Toshio Nishi, WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku
University,Miyagi,Japan
Dr. Brian G. Olson, School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, The
UniversityofSouthernMississippi,Hattiesburg,MS,USA
CONTRIBUTORS xi
Dr. Ivan G. Otterness, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy,
UniversityofRhodeIsland,Kingston,RI,USA
ProfessorFiorenzaQuasso, DipartimentodiFisica,PolitecnicodiMilano,Milano,
Italy
ProfessorRichardE.Robertson, DepartmentsofMaterialsScienceandEngineer-
ing,andMacromolecularScienceandEngineering,TheUniversityofMichigan,
AnnArbor,MI,USA
Dr. Vale´rie Samouillan, Laboratoire de Physique des Polymere`s, CIRIMAT, Uni-
versite´ PaulSabatier,Toulouse,France
Dr. Cyril Sender, Laboratoire de Physique des Polymere`s, CIRIMAT, Universite´
PaulSabatier,Toulouse,France
ProfessorRobertSimha, DepartmentofMacromolecularScienceandEngineering,
CaseWesternReserveUniversity,Cleveland,OH,USA
Dr. Maryam Sepehr, National Research Council Canada, Industrial Materials
Institute,Boucherville,Quebec,Canada
Dr. Leszek A. Utracki, National Research Council Canada, Industrial Materials
Institute,Boucherville,Quebec,Canada
ProfessorJacquesL.Zakin, DepartmentofChemicalandBiomolecularEngineer-
ing,OhioStateUniversity,Columbus,OH,USA
PREFACE
This book is dedicated to the memory of Professor Robert Simha. To celebrate his
ninety-fifthbirthdayonAugust4,2007,andrecognizinghisdecades-longcollabora-
tionandsupport,theIndustrialMaterialsInstituteoftheNationalResearchCouncil
Canada(NRCC/IMI)decidedtoorganizetheSimhaSymposiumonPolymerPhysics.
RobertSimhahasbeenpartoftheNRCC/IMIresearchactivitiesasavisitor,resident
scientist,researchcollaborator,andspeaker.In1981heinauguratedthefirstofalong
seriesofIMIsymposiaonpolymerblends,composites,foams,andnanocomposites.
Itwasduringthesemeetingsthathepresentedhisnewworks,whichhelpedtheInsti-
tute’stechnologicaldevelopments.Hehasbeenafriend,advisor,coauthorofmany
publications,andaninspiration.
Whenorganizingthesymposiumwecontactedcolleagues,ex-students,andcolla-
borators of Professor Simha residing on three continents. The response was over-
whelming.Realizingthescientificimportanceoftheoccasion,weproposedthatJohn
Wiley&SonspublishabookwhichwouldprovideawindowintoSimha’sresearch
activitiesinseveraldomainsofpolymerphysics.Theplanforthebookwasaccepted
in February 2007, well ahead of the October symposium. Robert Simha was the
leading speaker at that meeting as well as coauthor of two book chapters, the last
completedadaybeforehisunexpecteddeathonJune5,2008.Thus,thebookoffers
aperspectiveontohisscientificlifefromtheearliestpublicationsin1936tothefinal
article and chapters in 2010. The introductory chapter in the book provides a brief
biographyofProfessorSimha.
Thebookisnotacompilationofresearcharticlesbut,rather,asurveyofseven
decadesofSimha’sscientificactivities.Itsfourpartsreflecttheevolutionofhisinter-
estsfromthehydrodynamicsofliquidsandsuspensionstostatisticalthermodynamics
and their extension to positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and the physical
xiii