Polymer Coatings PDF
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PolymerCoatings Polymer Coatings AGuidetoChemistry,Characterization,andSelected Applications GijsbertusdeWith withcontributionsfrom A.CatarinaC.Esteves LeendertG.J.vanderVen RolfA.T.M.vanBenthem JozuaLaven RemcoTuinier Author AllbookspublishedbyWiley-VCHare carefullyproduced.Nevertheless,authors, Prof.GijsbertusdeWith editors,andpublisherdonotwarrantthe EindhovenUniv.ofTechnology informationcontainedinthesebooks, Dept.ofChemicalEngineeringand includingthisbook,tobefreeoferrors. Chemistry Readersareadvisedtokeepinmindthat DenDolech2 statements,data,illustrations,procedural 5612AZEindhoven detailsorotheritemsmayinadvertently theNetherlands beinaccurate. [email protected] LibraryofCongressCardNo.: appliedfor Cover Thecoverimagewasdesignedby BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-Publication MartijndeWith. Data Acataloguerecordforthisbookis availablefromtheBritishLibrary. Bibliographicinformationpublishedby theDeutscheNationalbibliothek TheDeutscheNationalbibliothek liststhispublicationintheDeutsche Nationalbibliografie;detailedbibliographic dataareavailableontheInternetat <http://dnb.d-nb.de>. ©2018Wiley-VCHVerlagGmbH&Co. KGaA,Boschstr.12,69469Weinheim, Germany Allrightsreserved(includingthoseof translationintootherlanguages).No partofthisbookmaybereproducedin anyform–byphotoprinting,microfilm, oranyothermeans–nortransmitted ortranslatedintoamachinelanguage withoutwrittenpermissionfromthe publishers.Registerednames,trademarks, etc.usedinthisbook,evenwhennot specificallymarkedassuch,arenottobe consideredunprotectedbylaw. PrintISBN:978-3-527-34210-5 ePDFISBN:978-3-527-80631-7 ePubISBN:978-3-527-80633-1 oBookISBN:978-3-527-80632-4 CoverDesign Adam-Design,Weinheim, Germany Typesetting SpiGlobal,Chennai,India PrintingandBinding Printedonacid-freepaper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bepatientandtough;somedaythispainwillbeusefultoyou. Ovid(43BCE–17/18CE) Experiencewithouttheoryisblind,buttheorywithoutexperienceismere intellectualplay. ImmanuelKant(1704–1804) vii Contents Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii ListofMostImportantSymbolsandAbbreviations xix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 TheImportanceofPolymerCoatings 2 1.3 TheGeneralConstitutionofPolymerCoatings 5 1.3.1 BindersandCrosslinkers 6 1.3.2 PigmentsandFillers 8 1.3.3 Additives 12 1.3.4 Solvents 12 1.4 CoatingRequirements 14 1.5 OutlineandApproach 15 References 16 FurtherReading 16 2 PolymersandNetworkCharacteristics 19 2.1 Polymers 19 2.1.1 PolymerConformations 22 2.1.2 Entanglements 23 2.1.3 Crystallinity 24 2.1.4 AmorphousPolymers 26 2.2 PolymerFormation 30 2.2.1 Step-growthPolymerization 31 2.2.2 BranchingandGelation 33 2.2.3 LimitstothePreparationofBranchedPolymers 36 2.2.4 Chain-growthPolymerization 38 2.3 PolymerNetworks 41 2.4 FinalRemarks 45 References 45 FurtherReading 46 viii Contents 3 ThermosetResins 47 3.1 Petro-basedThermosetResins 47 3.2 EpoxySystems 47 3.3 AcrylatesandAcrylics 51 3.4 Isocyanates 53 3.5 Polyurethanes 55 3.6 Polyesters 56 3.7 RenewableRawMaterials 57 3.8 DryingOils 63 3.9 Alkyds 65 References 68 FurtherReading 69 4 BasicCoatingFormulations 71 4.1 CoatingCompositionsinGeneral 71 4.2 SolventborneFormulations 72 4.2.1 SolventborneHighSolidsFormulations 75 4.2.2 ChemistriesofSolventborneHighSolidsFormulations 80 4.3 WaterborneFormulations 85 4.3.1 ChemistriesofWaterborneFormulations 90 4.3.2 ChallengesandApplicationsofWaterborne Formulations 93 4.4 RadiationCuringFormulations 96 4.4.1 Photoinitiators 97 4.4.2 ChemistriesofRadiationCuringFormulations 99 4.4.3 ChemistriesofPowderCoatingFormulations 103 4.4.4 ProsandConsofRadiationCuring 105 4.5 FinalRemarks 106 References 108 FurtherReading 108 5 AdditivesandParticulates 109 5.1 TypesofAdditives 109 5.2 Thickeners 110 5.2.1 InorganicThickeners 110 5.2.2 OrganicThickeners 112 5.3 SurfaceActiveAgents 116 5.3.1 WettingandDispersingAgents 117 5.3.2 AntifoamingAgents 117 5.3.3 AdhesionPromoters 118 5.4 SurfaceModifiers 120 5.5 LevelingandCoalescingAgents 120 5.6 CatalyticallyActiveAdditives 121 5.6.1 Dryers 122 5.6.2 OtherCatalysts 123 5.7 SpecialEffectAdditives 128 5.8 Particulates 130
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