Polymer and ceramic composite materials : emergent properties and applications

392 Pages·2019·16.084 MB·English

by  Ramdani, Noureddine

Polymer and Ceramic
Composite Materials

Polymer and Ceramic
Composite Materials
Emergent Properties
and Applications
By
Noureddine Ramdani
CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Ramdani, Noureddine, 1986- author.
Title: Polymer and ceramic composite materials : emergent properties and applications /
authored by Noureddine Ramdani.
Description: Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2019. | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018046108| ISBN 9781138302211 (hardback : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9780203731857 (e-book)
Subjects: LCSH: Composite materials.
Classification: LCC TA418.9.C6 R27 2019 | DDC 620.1/18--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018046108
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Dedication
It gives me immense pleasure to thank CRC Press for their kind
acceptance of this monograph. I dedicate this book to the memory
of my mother, Daoudi Aicha, who always believed in my ability to
be successful in the academic arena. I express heartfelt thanks to
my wife for her continuous support in writing this book. I wish
to acknowledge my colleagues, Khaled Oukil, Hamza Zaimeche,
and Nacereddine Abid for their kind help to publish this work.

Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................xiii
Author Biography .....................................................................................................xv
Introduction ............................................................................................................xvii
Chapter 1 Structure and Properties of Polymer Matrix ........................................1
1.1 Introduction ...............................................................................1
1.2 Polymer Structure Types ...........................................................1
1.3 Thermal Behavior of Polymers .................................................1
1.4 The Molecular Weight of Polymer ............................................4
1.5 Polymer Matrix-Based Composites ...........................................5
1.5.1 Thermoplastic Matrices ................................................5
1.5.2 Thermosetting Polymers ..............................................7
1.5.3 Elastomers ....................................................................8
1.5.4 Biopolymers .................................................................9
1.6 Properties of Polymeric Matrices ............................................11
1.6.1 Mechanical Properties of Polymers ...........................11
1.6.2 Thermal Properties of Polymers ................................12
1.6.3 Electrical Properties of Polymers ...............................15
1.6.4 Barrier Properties of Polymers ...................................16
1.7 Conclusions ..............................................................................17
References ..........................................................................................18
Chapter 2 Ceramics: Processing, Properties, and Applications ..........................23
2.1 Introduction .............................................................................23
2.2 The Structure of Ceramics ......................................................23
2.3 Processing Techniques of Ceramics ........................................25
2.3.1 Synthesis from the Solid Phase ..................................26
2.3.2 Molten Salt (MS) Synthesis ........................................27
2.3.3 Polymer-to-Ceramic Transformation Synthesis .........28
2.3.4 Sol–Gel .......................................................................29
2.3.5 Solvothermal Synthesis ..............................................30
2.4 Properties of Ceramics ............................................................31
2.4.1 Mechanical Properties ................................................32
2.4.2 Thermal Properties .....................................................32
2.4.3 Electrical and Electronic Properties...........................34
2.4.4 Oxidation and Corrosion Resistance ..........................35
2.5 Applications of Ceramics ........................................................36
2.5.1 Transportation Industry ..............................................36
2.5.2 Energy ........................................................................37
vii
viii Contents
2.5.3 Environment ...............................................................38
2.5.4 Biomedical Applications ............................................39
2.5.5 Electronic and Electrical Applications .......................41
2.6 Conclusions ..............................................................................41
References ..........................................................................................42
Chapter 3 Functionalization Methods of Ceramic Particles ...............................47
3.1 Introduction .............................................................................47
3.2 Silane Treatment Methods .......................................................48
3.3 Grafting with Synthetic Polymers ...........................................54
3.4 Surface Modification of Nanomaterials
Using Surfactants ....................................................................62
3.5 Other Methods of Surface Modification ..................................62
3.6 Conclusions ..............................................................................63
References ..........................................................................................63
Chapter 4 Processing Methods of Polymer/Ceramic Composites ......................69
4.1 Introduction .............................................................................69
4.2 Sol–Gel Technique ..................................................................70
4.3 In Situ Polymerization Technique ...........................................75
4.4 Solution-Blending Technique ..................................................81
4.5 Melt-Processing Technique .....................................................84
4.6 Conclusions ..............................................................................85
References ..........................................................................................86
Chapter 5 Mechanical Properties of Polymer/Ceramic Composites ..................93
5.1 Introduction .............................................................................93
5.2 Tensile Properties ....................................................................94
5.3 Flexural Properties ..................................................................99
5.4 Microhardness .......................................................................101
5.5 Impact and Fracture Toughness Properties ...........................104
5.6 Tribological Properties ..........................................................108
5.6.1 FE-SEM of the Worn Surfaces ................................111
5.6.2 Mechanisms ..............................................................113
5.6.3 Effect of Particle Size ...............................................115
5.7 Compression and Creep Properties .......................................119
5.8 Conclusions ............................................................................121
References ........................................................................................121
Chapter 6 Thermal Properties of Polymer/Ceramic Composites .....................129
6.1 Introduction ...........................................................................129
6.2 Thermal Stability ...................................................................129
Contents ix
6.3 Kinetics of Cure ....................................................................139
6.4 Glass Transition Temperature (T) .........................................140
g
6.5 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) .............................143
6.6 Thermal Conductivity ...........................................................148
6.7 Thermomechanical Properties ..............................................156
6.8 Conclusions ............................................................................162
References ........................................................................................162
Chapter 7 Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Polymer/
Ceramic Composites ........................................................................175
7.1 Introduction ...........................................................................175
7.2 Piezoelectric Properties of Polymer/
Ceramic Composites ..............................................................176
7.3 Ceramic-Filled Semi-Crystalline and Crystalline
Polymer Composites ..............................................................178
7.4 Piezoelectric Amorphous Polymer/
Ceramic Composites ..............................................................184
7.5 Ferroelectric Properties of Polymer/
Ceramic Composites ..............................................................186
7.6 Conclusions ............................................................................188
References ........................................................................................188
Chapter 8 Electrical Properties of Polymer/Ceramic Composites ....................193
8.1 Introduction ...........................................................................193
8.2 Electrical Conductivity of Polymer/
Ceramic Composites ..............................................................198
8.2.1 AC Electrical Conductivity by Dielectric
Spectroscopy ............................................................199
8.3 Dielectric Properties ..............................................................201
8.3.1 High Aspect Ratio Fillers .........................................206
8.3.2 Nanofillers with Moderate Dielectric
Constant ....................................................................206
8.3.3 Combined Improvements of Dielectric
Constant and Breakdown Strength ...........................212
8.3.4 Effect of Particle Size ...............................................212
8.3.5 Effect of Dispersion State.........................................218
8.3.6 Sol–Gel Processing of Nanocomposites ..................224
8.4 Conclusions ............................................................................227
References ........................................................................................227
Chapter 9 Modeling of Polymer/Ceramic Composites Properties ....................239
9.1 Introduction ...........................................................................239
9.2 Modeling of Mechanical Parameters ....................................239