Pollen Tip Growth: From Biophysical Aspects to Systems Biology

419 Pages·2017·8.342 MB·English

by  Gerhard Obermeyer, José Feijó (eds.)

Gerhard Obermeyer
José Feijó Editors
Pollen Tip Growth
From Biophysical Aspects to Systems
Biology
Pollen Tip Growth
Gerhard Obermeyer • José Feijó
Editors
Pollen Tip Growth
From Biophysical Aspects to Systems
Biology
123
Editors
GerhardObermeyer JoséFeijó
DepartmentofMolecularBiology CellBiologyMolecularGenetics
UniversityofSalzburg UniversityofMaryland
Salzburg,Austria CollegePark
Maryland,USA
ISBN978-3-319-56644-3 ISBN978-3-319-56645-0 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-56645-0
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017942819
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Contents
PartI Introduction
1 PollenTubesandTipGrowth:ofBiophysicsandTipomics ........... 3
GerhardObermeyerandJoséFeijó
PartII BiophysicsofTipGrowth
2 WaterTransportinPollen................................................. 13
GerhardObermeyer
3 The CytoskeletonofPollenTubes andHowIt Determines
thePhysico-mechanicalPropertiesofCellWall......................... 35
GiampieroCai,LuigiParrotta,andMauroCresti
PartIII TechnicalImprovementstoStudyTipGrowth
4 MeasuringCytomechanicalForcesonGrowingPollenTubes......... 65
Hannes Vogler, Naveen Shamsudhin, Bradley J. Nelson,
andUeliGrossniklaus
5 Microfluidic- and Microelectromechanical System
(MEMS)-BasedPlatformsforExperimentalAnalysisofPollen
TubeGrowthBehaviorandQuantificationofCellMechanical
Properties.................................................................... 87
AnjaGeitmann
PartIV SubcellularProcesses
6 PolarProteinExocytosis:LessonsfromPlantPollenTube............ 107
HaoWangandLiwenJiang
7 Pollen Tip Growth: Controlof Cellular Morphogenesis
ThroughIntracellularTrafficking ....................................... 129
HanaRakusováandAnjaGeitmann
v
vi Contents
8 DirectionalGrowthforSpermDelivery.................................. 149
SubramanianSankaranarayananandTetsuyaHigashiyama
9 MolecularMechanismsRegulatingRootHairTipGrowth:
AComparisonwithPollenTubes......................................... 167
SébastjenSchoenaers,DariaBalcerowicz,andKrisVissenberg
PartV Tipomics:OmicApproachesinTipGrowth
10 WhenSimpleMeetsComplex:Pollenandthe-Omics ................. 247
Jan Fíla, Lenka Záveská Drábková, Antónia Gibalová,
andDavidHonys
11 ThePollenMembraneProteome.......................................... 293
HeidiPertl-Obermeyer
12 Pollen MetabolomeDynamics: Biochemistry, Regulation
andAnalysis................................................................. 319
ThomasNägele,LenaFragner,PalakChaturvedi,ArindamGhatak,
andWolframWeckwerth
PartVI ModelingTipGrowth
13 DerivationandUseofMathematicalModelsinSystemsBiology..... 339
RobertW.SmithandChristianFleck
14 A Fresh Look at Growth Oscillations in Pollen Tubes:
KinematicandMechanisticDescriptions................................ 369
Milenka Van Hemelryck, Roberto Bernal, Enrique Rojas,
JacquesDumais,andJensH.Kroeger
15 OneThousandandOneOscillatorsatthePollenTube Tip:
TheQuestforaCentralPacemakerRevisited .......................... 391
DanielS.C.Damineli,MariaTeresaPortes,andJoséA.Feijó
Index............................................................................... 415
Editors’ Biographies
Gerhard Obermeyer born in
1961, studied biology at the
University of Konstanz, Ger-
many, with majors in mem-
brane and cell biophysics. His
Ph.D. thesis at the Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (Ger-
many) included the imaging of
tip-localized Ca2C gradients in
pollen tubes and first patch-
clamp experiments to character-
ize pollen ion channels. As a
postdoc,he worked at Wye Col-
lege (now part of Imperial Col-
lege,London,UK)onionchannelsfromguardcellsandpollengrainsandcontinued
pollenresearchattheInstituteofPlantPhysiology(UniversityofSalzburg,Austria)
with intermediate fellowships to visit labs at the University of Adelaide (South
Australia), in Cuernavaca (Mexico),and in Oxford (UK) to work on symbiosome
membranes and intracellular pH measurements. Finally, he became an associate
professor at the University of Salzburg where he established molecular plant
physiologyinresearchandteaching.
Prof.Obermeyer’sresearchfocusesmainlyonpollenphysiology.Thegrowthof
pollen tubes through the style tissue is a prerequisite for a successful fertilization
whichguaranteeshighcropyieldsforhumannutrition.Problemscausedbyglobal
warming like drought and temperature stress, can disturb pollen function and are
studiedusingseveralsingle-molecule/single-celltechniquesin combinationwith -
omicsapproachesto revealfunctionalproteincomplexesin the plasmamembrane
andtheirroleinosmosensingandosmoregulationaswellasintipgrowth.
vii
viii Editors’Biographies
JoséFeijóstudiedbiologyatthe
University of Lisbon, Portugal,
specializing in cell biology of
orchid pollen, and obtained his
master’s in plant biotechnology.
DuringhisPh.D.heenlargedhis
focusintodevelopment,progres-
sively introducing electrophys-
iology and mathematical mod-
elling as routine approaches to
thestudyofpollentubes.AFul-
brightfellowshipbroughthimto
PeterHepler’slabattheUniversityofMassachusettsinAmhersttofurtherdeepen
his skills on ion imaging. His return to the University of Lisbon in 1996 marked
the beginningof his professorshipand independentresearch career; from 1999 to
2013, he ran in parallel with an independent lab at the Gulbenkian Institute for
Science.Alongthispath,hehasservedasadirectoroftheImagingUnit,organized
over a dozen EMBO practical courses on plant development and imaging, acted
as a curator, and collaborated with numerous educational projects; he was also
responsible for a number of initiatives to commemorate Darwin’s bicentenary in
2009.Inlate2013,hemovedtotheUniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,andlives
inWashington,DC.
TheresearchofFeijó’sgroupisfocusedonthedevelopmentofintegratedmodels
of apical cell growth and morphogenesis, using the pollen tube as a biological
model,iondynamicsasanexperimentalparadigm,andtheoreticalmodelingasan
integrative tool. The group uses Arabidopsis, lily, tobacco, and tomato as model
speciesforhigherplantsandthemossPhyscomitrellaasanevolutionarycorrelate
ofapicalgrowthevolution.Onthepathtodevelopmodelsbywhichiondynamics
choreographiesintegrate spatial and temporal cues to coordinate cell biology, the
groupcontributedtonovelionchannelsandsensorsinvolvedinpollentubebiology
and their regulation mechanisms. Most results involve a combination of imaging,
electrophysiology,genetics,andmolecularbiology.Feijó’sgroupfurtherpioneered
transcriptomicsofplantmalegametesanditsconsequencesforplantreproduction
andimprovement,namely,atthe epigeneticslevel.Theseactivitieswere routinely
groundedincollaborationswithgroupsinover12countriesinthe4continents.
TheauthorsmetattheSexualPlantReproductionmeetinginVienna,Austria,in
1998,andcollaborated;theybecamegoodfriendseversince.
Part I
Introduction
Chapter 1
Pollen Tubes and Tip Growth: of Biophysics
and Tipomics
GerhardObermeyerandJoséFeijó
Keywords Biophysics (cid:129) Molecular mechanisms (cid:129) Omics techniques (cid:129) Pollen (cid:129)
Systemspollenbiology (cid:129) Tipgrowth (cid:129) Tipomics
1.1 Introduction
Pollenisthemalegametophyteofhigherplantsandisresponsibleforthesuccessful
transportofthespermcellsto theovules.Afterlandingona stigma,pollengrains
willgerminateandgrowapollentubethroughthestigmaandstyle tissue towards
the ovules,wherefertilizationtakesplace. In termsofcell biology,the elongation
of the pollen tube is characterized by a dramatically polarized growth process,
tip growth, which is common to root hairs, fungal hyphae and some developing
neurites. Due to their simple morphology and function, growing pollen tubes
becamethemostwell-establishedmodelsystemtostudytipgrowth.Boththeeditors
ofthisbookhavebeenenthusiasticpaladinsofthistrend,evensincetheyfirstmet
in 1994 during the 13th International Congress on Sexual Plant Reproduction in
Vienna. Our intellectual enthusiasm was first materialized in an essay in which a
naive and simple yet forward theoretical model was set forth, implying a set of
electrochemistryrulestobeatthecoreofaminimalsetofmechanismunderlying
cellpolarityestablishmentandmaintenanceduringpollentubegrowth(Feijóetal.
1995). In short, subcellular biophysical processes, like ion transport, endogenous
electrical fields and a tip-focussed Ca2C gradient, would regulate the shape and
growthrateinanessentiallyself-organizingprocess.Eversincethen,themultitude
of nuts and bolts and genes and pathwaysand their biologicalconsequenceshave
amounted to a vast literature in practically every aspect of the biology of pollen.
G.Obermeyer((cid:2))
MolecularPlantBiophysicsandBiochemistry,DepartmentofMolecularBiology,Universityof
Salzburg,Billrothstrasse11,5020Salzburg,Austria
e-mail:[email protected]
J.Feijó
DepartmentofCellBiologyandMolecularGenetics,UniversityofMaryland,Bioscience
ResearchBuilding,CollegePark,MD20742,USA
e-mail:[email protected]
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 3
G.Obermeyer,J.Feijó(eds.),PollenTipGrowth,
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-56645-0_1