Politics of Urban Planning: The Making and Unmaking of the Mumbai Development Plan 2014-2034 PDF
Preview Politics of Urban Planning: The Making and Unmaking of the Mumbai Development Plan 2014-2034
Exploring Urban Change in South Asia Luca Pattaroni Amita Bhide Christine Lutringer Editors Politics of Urban Planning The Making and Unmaking of the Mumbai Development Plan 2014–2034 Exploring Urban Change in South Asia SeriesEditor Marie-HélèneZérah,CentreforSocialSciencesStudiesonAfrica,Americaand Asia(CESSMA,Paris),FrenchInstituteofResearchforSustainableDevelopment (IRD),Paris,France,CentreforPolicyResearch,NewDelhi,India The series incorporates work on urbanisation and urbanism in South Asia from diverse perspectives, including, but not being limited to, sociology, anthropology, geography,socialpolicy,urbanplanningandmanagement,economics,politicsand culturestudies.Itpublishesoriginal,peer-reviewedworkcoveringbothmacroissues suchaslargerurbanisationprocesses,andeconomicshiftsandqualitativeresearch workfocusedonmicrostudies(eithercomparativeorethnographicbased).Bothindi- vidualauthoredandeditedbooksareconsideredwithintheserieswiththepossibility ofidentifyingemergingtopicsforhandbooks. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/13432 · · Luca Pattaroni Amita Bhide Christine Lutringer Editors Politics of Urban Planning The Making and Unmaking of the Mumbai Development Plan 2014–2034 Editors LucaPattaroni AmitaBhide SchoolofArchitecture SchoolofHabitatStudies LaboratoryofUrbanSociology TataInstituteofSocialSciences Lausanne,Switzerland Deonar,Mumbai,Maharashtra,India ChristineLutringer AlbertHirschmanCentreonDemocracy GraduateInstituteofInternational andDevelopmentStudies Geneva,Switzerland ISSN2367-0045 ISSN2367-0053 (electronic) ExploringUrbanChangeinSouthAsia ISBN978-981-16-8670-2 ISBN978-981-16-8671-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8671-9 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SingaporePteLtd.2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Acknowledgements Thisbookistheresultofalongandfruitfulcollaborationbetweenitsauthorsandco- editors.Theircollectiveresearchstartedin2015withthesupportoftheSwissState SecretariatforEducation,ResearchandInnovation(SERI)thatfundedtheirproject entitled“Urbanplanningandtheheterogeneouscity:Astudyofthetechnical,social andpoliticalcontroversiesaroundthe2014–2034MumbaiDevelopmentPlan”.Luca Pattaroni,AmitaBhideandChristineLutringer,whowereinchargeoftheproject, wish to thank the SERI for its innovative support through the FLASH Research Programme, its funding instrument meant to allow researchers to react quickly in caseofexceptionaleventsbysettingupjointresearchprojectsbetweenpartnersfrom IndiaandSwitzerland. On24February2015,thedraftofthe2014–2034DevelopmentPlanforMumbai (MDP2034)wasreleasedforpublicconsultation.Anunprecedentedpublicoutcry andadelugeofcomplaints,bothbyexpertsandbycivilsociety,forcedMaharashtra’s ChiefMinister,on21April,to“scrap”theplanandorderafour-monthoverhauland screening of all objections. Two major events were de facto interconnected. The first event was the production of the development plan itself as large metropolises revisesuchplansonlyafewtimesoveracentury.Indeed,after1967and1991,the MDP2034isMumbai’sthirddevelopmentplansinceIndia’sIndependence.Itwas expectedtohaveasignificantimpactonMumbai’spopulation,asitwouldcontribute tothewaythecitywouldbetransformed.Somemodelsofurbandevelopment,and arguablyalso,someactorsofthecity,wouldbegivenprominence,attheexpenseof othersthatmaybe(further)marginalized.Thesecondinterconnectedeventatplay wasthetemporarywithdrawaloftheMDP2034duetothestrongpubliccriticism– somethingthathasneverhappenedinthepastinIndia. Theprojectteaminvestigatedthecomplexandcontestedprocessoftheproduction ofMumbai’sDevelopmentPlan(DP)andthecontroversiesitinduced.Itconductedits researchaseventscontinuedtounfoldinthecourseofthemonthsandeventheyears followingthe“scrap”oftheDevelopmentPlan.SomeoftheIndianteammembers hadadoubleposition:theyalso(had)participatedindiscussions,consultationsand mobilizations on the DP and therefore they contributed to the public engagement with the plan. As a result, we had a unique set of perspectives to build on in our v vi Acknowledgements research,whichwasgroundedinacademicandaction-orientedexperiences.Situated at the crossroads of sociology, architecture and planning, and political economy, our collaborative research involved the Laboratory of Urban Sociology (Lasur) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) and the School of HabitatStudiesatTataInstituteofSocialSciences(TISS).ThethreePh.D.students who were part of the project team, Tobias Baitsch, Salomé Houllier-Binder and Richa Bhardwaj, benefited from the generous support of SERI and of their home institutions(EPFLandTISSrespectively).Whencomposingthebook,wefeltthat weneededfurtherinsightsaboutaninsiderperspectiveofthemakersoftheDPand the expansion of scope to include the natural environment. Hence, two invaluable invitedchapters wereadded tothebook,writtenbyMaliniKrishnankutty,Shweta WaghandHussainIndorewala. From 2017 onwards, the project also involved the Albert Hirschman Centre on Democracy (AHCD) at the Graduate Institute of International and Development StudiesinGeneva.ThethreeInstituteshostedworkshops,meetingsandconferences and the book co-editors would like to acknowledge their overall support of their activities. The first workshop held at EPFL Lausanne in April 2016 allowed us to examine the ongoing dynamics of planning and counter-planning and to work on the mapping controversy methodologies. The second workshop hosted by TISS in November2016initiatedanacademicdebatebutalsoactedasacatalystfordialogue amongparticipantsfromvariousbackgroundsandexpertise:itenabledustoexplore and discuss the controversies as they were unfolding with some of its key actors, especiallyplanners,civilsocietyorganizationsandofficials.TheAHCDconference on“Reimaginingdemocracyfromandatthemargins”anditspanelon“Democracy atthemarginsofspace”hostedbytheGraduateInstituteinGenevainOctober2018 providedtheopportunitytoanalyse,inacomparativefashion,theresponsestourban socio-spatial transformations and the alternative forms of democratic participation for those living at the margins. Based on our work around the Mumbai DP, we discussedthechallengestodemocraticengagementinurbangovernanceandurban planning. All these discussions among researchers, planners, residents, activists, students and a variety of stakeholders greatly benefited our collective work geared towards understanding the issues and processes at play, as well as the responses that they elicited among Mumbai’s urban communities. We would like to express our deep gratitudetoallthesewomenandmenwhosharedtheirinsights,livedexperiences, aspirations for and representations of their city. These exchanges were invaluable. Theyenrichednotonlyourworkonthisbookbutalsoouroverallunderstandingof civicandsocialengagementacrossroles,scalesandtemporalities. Contents 1 Introduction:OnPoliticsofUrbanPlanning ...................... 1 LucaPattaroni,AmitaBhide,andChristineLutringer 2 Mumbai Development Plan 2014–2034: Unfolding Controversies,ActorsandArenas ................................ 19 TobiasBaitsch,RichaBhardwaj,andSaloméHoullier-Binder 3 Mumbai’s Orphan Plan: How the EDDP 2014–34 wasConceived,CraftedandAbandoned .......................... 55 MaliniKrishnankutty 4 PoliticsofLandUseRegulations ................................. 83 TobiasBaitschandAmitaBhide 5 PoliticsofCategories ........................................... 107 SaloméHoullier-BinderandChristineLutringer 6 PoliticsofParticipationinUrbanPlanning:The“Democratic Moment”oftheMumbaiDevelopmentPlan2014–2034 ............ 133 RichaBhardwajandLucaPattaroni 7 MetropolitanNature:EnvironmentandPlanninginMumbai ...... 159 ShwetaWaghandHussainIndorewala 8 Postscript: Planning for the Maximum City in the Era ofPlanetaryUrbanization ....................................... 175 AmitaBhide vii Editors and Contributors AbouttheEditors Luca Pattaroni holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from EHESS (Paris). He is Maitre d’EnseignementdeRechercheattheLaboratoryofUrbanSociologyoftheEPFL, where he leads the research group “Urban (In)hospitalities”. He has been Visiting Professor at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and Visiting Scholar at the University of Columbia. Investigating urban conflicts, counterculture and radical housing, subaltern migration or yet the impact of social acceleration on everyday life, his work explore the renewed forms of emancipation and oppression and morebroadlythecontentiousarticulationbetweentheexpressionofdifferencesand commoningincontemporarycities.In2009,hewasco-awardedtheAPEROprize forthebestarticleinurbanplanning. Amita Bhide is Professor and Dean, School of Habitat Studies, Tata Institute of SocialSciences.ShehasbeenteachingandresearchingattheInstituteforover20 years.Shehasbeendeeplyinvolvedinissuesofurbanpoverty,livelihoodsandadvo- cacylinkedtothesameinMumbaiandinothercitiesinIndia.Shehascontributedto socialmovementsandtovariouscommitteesofthestategovernmentonthesubjects ofhousingandpoverty.HerrecentworkattheSchoolofHabitatStudieshasbeen on urban governance reforms, housing and land issues with a focus on small and mediumtownsandurbanviolence. Christine Lutringer is Executive Director and Senior Researcher at the Albert Hirschman Centre on Democracy, Graduate Institute of International and Devel- opment Studies, Geneva. She is also affiliated with the Universities of Basel and EdinburghfortheSwissNationalScienceFoundationproject“ReversingtheGaze: TowardsPost-ComparativeAreaStudies”.Herworkexploresdemocraticpractices in the context of the mobilization of new social and political actors. In partic- ular, it examines social movements and their influence on democratic politics and policy-makingatthelocallevel. ix x EditorsandContributors Contributors TobiasBaitsch ArchitectureDivision,BernUniversityofAppliedSciences,Bern, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Sociologie, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne,Switzerland RichaBhardwaj School of Habitat Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai,India AmitaBhide SchoolofHabitatStudies,TataInstituteofSocialSciences,Mumbai, India SaloméHoullier-Binder LaboratoiredeSociologie,EcolePolytechniqueFederale deLausanne(EPFL),Lausanne,Switzerland HussainIndorewala Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute for Architecture (KRVIA),Mumbai,India MaliniKrishnankutty Centre for Urban Science and Engineering (CUSE), IIT Bombay,Mumbai,India ChristineLutringer AlbertHirschmanCentreonDemocracy,TheGraduateInsti- tute,Geneva,Switzerland LucaPattaroni Laboratoire de Sociologie, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne(EPFL),Lausanne,Switzerland ShwetaWagh Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute for Architecture (KRVIA), Mumbai,India
The list of books you might like
