Politics of Preference: India, United States, and South Africa PDF
Preview Politics of Preference: India, United States, and South Africa
Public Administration T PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC POLICY/193 u m “Using a comparative approach, it is the most penetrating analysis of the m use of preference in public sector I have seen.” a Politics of —David Rosenbloom, Editor-in-Chief of Public Administration and l a Public Policy Series (CRC Press) Minorities, based on whatever criteria—linguistic, religious, ethnic, tribal, Preference racial, or otherwise—share a distinctive contextual and social experience. Their representation in public service is important, especially when there P have been public policies that have historically discriminated against them. Politics of Preference: India, United States, and South Africa discusses o the importance of offsetting past discrimination in an attempt at bringing l India, United States, and South Africa in all citizens as active participants of their representative bureaucracies. i t The author, a distinguished public administration comparativist, brings to- i gether the uniquely large and complex cases of India, the United States, and c South Africa. s In a penetrating analysis of the use of preference in the public sector, the o book examines three profoundly different countries — India, the United f States, and South Africa — as they handle the challenge of integrating P several different minorities into public service. The author chose these three countries — with the most populous, the oldest, and the most nascent r democracies, yet each with a history of its own that led to equal employment e and other governmental policies. f e While there is a sprinkling of literature that examines this issue from a r comparative perspective, no one seems to have studied these three diverse e nations and explore not only their differences but their similarities. The author n of this book takes the view that it is not enough to study the environment c but also explicate the context for a public policy. This comprehensive study e does just that. K14498 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Krishna K. Tummala Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 ISBN: 978-1-4665-0389-2 711 Third Avenue 90000 New York, NY 10017 an informa business 2 Park Square, Milton Park www.crcpress.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK 9 781466 503892 w w w. c r c p r e s s . c o m Politics of Preference India, United States, and South Africa PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC POLICY A Comprehensive Publication Program EDITOR-IN-CHIEF DAVID H. ROSENBLOOM Distinguished Professor of Public Administration American University, Washington, DC Founding Editor JACK RABIN RECENTLY PUBLISHED BOOKS Politics of Preference: India, United States, and South Africa, Krishna K. Tummala Labor Relations in the Public Sector, Fifth Edition, Richard C. Kearney and Patrice M. Mareschal Democracy and Public Administration in Pakistan, Amna Imam and Eazaz A. Dar The Economic Viability of Micropolitan America, Gerald L. Gordon Personnel Management in Government: Politics and Process, Seventh Edition, Katherine C. Naff, Norma M. Riccucci, and Siegrun Fox Freyss Public Administration in South Asia: India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, edited by Meghna Sabharwal and Evan M. Berman Making Multilevel Public Management Work: Stories of Success and Failure from Europe and North America, edited by Denita Cepiku, David K. Jesuit, and Ian Roberge Public Administration in Africa: Performance and Challenges, edited by Shikha Vyas-Doorgapersad, Lukamba-Muhiya. Tshombe, and Ernest Peprah Ababio Public Administration in Post-Communist Countries: Former Soviet Union, Central and Eastern Europe, and Mongolia, Saltanat Liebert, Stephen E. Condrey, and Dmitry Goncharov Hazardous Materials Compliance for Public Research Organizations: A Case Study, Second Edition, Nicolas A. Valcik Logics of Legitimacy: Three Traditions of Public Administration Praxis, Margaret Stout The Politics–Administration Dichotomy: Toward a Constitutional Perspective, Second Edition, Patrick Overeem Managing Development in a Globalized World: Concepts, Processes, Institutions, Habib Zafarullah and Ahmed Shafiqul Huque Cybersecurity: Public Sector Threats and Responses, Kim J. Andreasson Reinventing Local and Regional Economies, Gerald L. Gordon Government Budgeting and Financial Management in Practice: Logics to Make Sense of Ambiguity, Gerald J. Miller Available Electronically PublicADMINISTRATIONnetBASE http://www.crcnetbase.com/page/public_administration_ebooks Politics of Preference India, United States, and South Africa Krishna K. Tummala CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20140307 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-0390-8 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com To Pramila Contents Acknowledgments ix About the Author xiii Chapter 1 Prologue 1 Why These Three Countries? 3 What Is New with This Book? 5 What Is My Interest in This? 5 Chapter 2 Theoretical Pros and Cons of AA 7 Changing Perspectives 9 Philosophical Arguments in Support of AA 15 Arguments against AA 19 Chapter 3 “Reservations” in India 25 The Indian Social Milieu 26 Representation in Legislatures 32 Reservations in Public Employment 37 Politics of Backwardness 53 States 54 Center 66 An Assessment 83 Chapter 4 “Affirmative Action” in the United States 95 Historical 99 Affirmative Action (AA): The Policy Context 100 Other Issues 127 vii viii • Contents Conclusion 138 Cases Cited 138 Chapter 5 “Equal Employment” in South Africa 141 Apartheid 147 Black Liberation Struggle 149 New Era 151 Public Policy Context 154 The Evidence 174 An Assessment 182 Chapter 6 Epilogue 191
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