Politics in Southern Africa: Transition and Transformation PDF
Preview Politics in Southern Africa: Transition and Transformation
Politics in Southern Africa SECOND EDITION Politics in Southern Africa Transition and Transformation Gretchen Bauer Scott D. Taylor boulder london PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericain2011by LynneRiennerPublishers,Inc. 180030thStreet,Boulder,Colorado80301 wwwrienner.com andintheUnitedKingdomby LynneRiennerPublishers,Inc. 3HenriettaStreet,CoventGarden,LondonWC2E8LU ©2011byLynneRiennerPublishers,Inc.Allrightsreserved LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Bauer,Gretchen,1959– PoliticsinsouthernAfrica:transitionandtransformation/Gretchen Bauer,ScottD.Taylor.—2nded. p. cm. Previoused.(2005)hassubtitle:Stateandsocietyintransition. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-58826-794-8(pbk.:alk.paper) 1.Africa,Southern—Politicsandgovernment. I.Taylor,ScottD., 1965– II.Title. JQ2720.A58B38 2011 320.968—dc22 2011011361 BritishCataloguinginPublicationData ACataloguinginPublicationrecordforthisbook isavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Thepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstherequirements oftheAmericanNationalStandardforPermanenceof PaperforPrintedLibraryMaterialsZ39.48-1992. 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Acknowledgments ix MapofSouthernAfrica x 1 Introduction 1 SouthernAfricaasaRegion,5 TheoryandSouthernAfrica,10 CountryCaseStudies,14 OrganizationoftheBook,18 2 Malawi: Institutionalizing Democracy 23 HistoricalOriginsoftheMalawianState,25 SocietyandDevelopment:RegionalandEthnicCleavages andthePoliticsofPluralism,28 OrganizationoftheState,33 RepresentationandParticipation,37 FundamentalsofthePoliticalEconomy,44 ChallengesoftheTwenty-FirstCentury,47 3 Zambia: The Uncertainties of Political Pluralism 51 HistoricalOriginsoftheZambianState: Context,KeyActors,andIssues,54 SocietyandDevelopment:Zambia’sEthnicand RacialCleavages,57 OrganizationoftheState,59 RepresentationandParticipation,67 FundamentalsofthePoliticalEconomy,79 ChallengesoftheTwenty-FirstCentury,85 v vi Contents 4 Botswana: Still the Exception? 91 HistoricalOriginsoftheBotswanaState:Context,KeyActors, andIssues,93 OrganizationoftheState,97 RepresentationandParticipation,104 FundamentalsofthePoliticalEconomy,112 ChallengesoftheTwenty-FirstCentury,114 5 Mozambique: Institutionalizing Dominant-Party Politics 119 HistoricalOriginsoftheMozambicanState,123 SocietyandDevelopment:EnduringCleavages,129 OrganizationoftheState,131 RepresentationandParticipation,135 PoliticalEconomyandDevelopment,144 ChallengesoftheTwenty-FirstCentury,148 6 Angola: Prosperity and Patronage Politics 151 HistoricalOriginsoftheAngolanState,154 SocietyandDevelopment:TheLongWarandItsAftermath,158 OrganizationoftheState,165 RepresentationandParticipation,170 FundamentalsofthePoliticalEconomy,175 ChallengesoftheTwenty-FirstCentury,177 7 Zimbabwe: State, Society, and Prolonged Crisis 181 HistoricalOriginsoftheZimbabweanState: Context,KeyActors,andIssues,185 SocietyandDevelopment:ThePrecariousPoliticsof RaceandEthnicity,192 OrganizationoftheState,196 RepresentationandParticipation,205 FundamentalsofthePoliticalEconomy,215 ChallengesoftheTwenty-FirstCentury,220 8 Namibia: Liberation and Its Discontents 225 HistoricalOriginsoftheNamibianState,228 OrganizationoftheState,234 RepresentationandParticipation,240 SocietyandDevelopment:EnduringCleavages,248 FundamentalsofthePoliticalEconomy,252 ChallengesoftheTwenty-FirstCentury,254 Contents vii 9 South Africa: Hard Realities in the Rainbow Nation 257 HistoricalOriginsoftheSouthAfricanState,260 ApartheidandItsLegacy: EnduringCleavagesinPoliticsandSociety,263 ThePoliticsofTransitionandNegotiation,265 OrganizationoftheState,268 RepresentationandParticipation,276 FundamentalsofthePoliticalEconomy,289 ChallengesoftheTwenty-FirstCentury,296 10 Living with HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa 301 TheImpactontheRegion,303 FactorsContributingtotheHIV/AIDSEpidemic,310 StemmingtheTideofHIV/AIDS,318 11 Women Remaking Politics in Southern Africa 327 WomeninthePrecolonialandColonialPeriodsin SouthernAfrica,329 WomeninNationalistMovements: TheStruggleforIndependence,333 WomeninthePoliticalTransitionsofthe1990s,339 IncreasingWomen’sPoliticalRepresentation,342 Women’sMovementsintheRegion,345 WomeninSouthernAfrica:PresentandFutureChallenges,347 12 Southern Africa’s International Relations 353 SouthernAfricanRegionalInstitutionsandIssues,355 SouthernAfricainAfrica,360 GlobalizationandSouthernAfrica,364 TheZimbabweDilemma,371 ConclusionsontheDirectionoftheRegion,373 13 Conclusion 377 ListofAcronymsandAbbreviations 387 Bibliography 393 Index 421 AbouttheBook 437 Acknowledgments We would like to acknowledge the important contributions of many peoplewhohelpedtomakethissecondeditionpossible.AttheUniversityof Delaware, three undergraduate students—Regine Adrien, Corrie Bonham, andAmiPatel—providedhelpfulresearchassistanceatdifferentstagesofthe project. In bringing the book to completion, the contributions of University of Delaware graduate student Lauren Balasco and Georgetown University graduate student Ikepo Oyenuga proved invaluable. We would also like to thankourhomeinstitutionsforfinancialandothersupport:theUniversityof DelawareDepartmentofPoliticalScienceandInternationalRelationsandthe College ofArts and Sciences and the School of Foreign Service at George- townUniversity. Thebookbenefitedfromtheinputofmanyindividuals.Inparticular,we are indebted to many southern African friends and colleagues who have given generously of their time and insights during our numerous research tripstotheregionovertheyears.WewouldliketothankLynneRiennerfor encouragingustorevisethefirsteditionandClaireVlcek,assistanttoLynne Rienner,andShenaRedmond,seniorprojecteditor,forseeingthesecondedi- tionthroughtheproductionphase.Finally,weowethegreatestdebtofgrati- tude to our families for their forbearance and patience while we worked on this project. Without their support, we could not have brought this book to fruition. ix ANGOLA MALAWI ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE MOZAMBIQUE NAMIBIA BOTSWANA SWAZILAND MADAGASCAR LESOTHO SOUTHAFRICA SouthernAfrica
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