Politics and society in Ukraine

361 Pages·26.833 MB·English

by  D'Anieri, Paul J., Kravchuk, Robert S., Kuzio, Taras

ISBN 0-8133-3538-8
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POLITICS AND
SOCIETY IN UKRAINE
Westview Series on the Post-Soviet Republics
Alexander J. Motyl, Series Editor
Politics and Society in Ukraine, Paul D'A nieri,
Robert Kravchuk, and Taras Kuzio
Siberia: Worlds Apart, Victor L. Mote
The Central Asian States: Discovering Independence, Gregory Gleason
Lithuania: The Rebel Nation, V. Stanley Vardys and Judith B. Sedaitis
Belarus: At a Crossroads in History, Jan Zaprudnik
Estonia: Return to Independence, Rein Taagepera
POLITICS AND
• SOCIETY •
IN UKRAINE
PAUL D'ANIERI
University of Kansas
ROBERT KRAVCHUK
University of Connecticut
TARAS KUZIO
University of North London
~~ ~~o~!~~~i?G~oup
New York London
Westview Series on the Post-Soviet Republics
First published 1999 by Westview Press
Published 2018 by Routledge
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
D'A nieri, Paul J., 1965-
Politics and society in Ukraine I Paul D'A nieri, Robert Kravchuk,
Taras Kuzio.
p. em.-(Westview series on the post-Soviet republics)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8133-3537-X (he).- ISBN 0-8133-3538-8 (pbk.)
1. Post-communism-Ukraine. 2. Political culture-Ukraine.
3. Ukraine-Politics and govemment-1991- . 4. Ukraine-Social
conditions-1991- . 5. Social change-Ukraine. I. Kravchuk, RobertS.,
1955- . II. Kuzio, Taras. III. Title. IV. Series.
JN6635.D36 1999
306. 2 09477'09049-dc21 99-30503
CIP
All photos courtesy of authors
ISBN 13: 978-0-8133-3538-4 (pbk)
Publisher's Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this book but points
out that some imperfections from the original may be apparent.
• Contents •
List of Tables and Illustrations vii
List of Acronyms xi
Preface xiii
Introduction: The "Quadruple Transition"
in Ukrainian Politics and Society 1
1 The Demise of the Soviet Union
and the Emergence of Independent Ukraine 10
2 Nation Building and National Identity 45
3 Religion, State, and Society 71
4 Ukraine's Weak State 90
5 Politics and Civil Society 141
6 Economic Crisis and Reform 166
7 Foreign Policy: From Isolation to Engagement 206
8 Ukrainian Defense Policy and
the Transformation of the Armed Forces 233
9 Conclusion: Problems and Prospects for
Ukraine in the Twenty-First Century 262
Notes 273
Bibliography 321
Index 333
v

• Tables and Illustrations •
Tables
2.1 What nationality are you? 62
3.1 Religious communities by region 88
3.2 Number of religious communities in Ukraine, 1996 89
3.3 Eparchies of the Ukrainian-Greek Catholic Church, 1993 89
5.1 Can people freely express their opinions in
Ukraine today? 146
5.2 If your rights have been violated, what would you
consider to be effective and acceptable? 147
5.3 Membership of civic groups 147
5.4 What should parties do if they do not make it
into Parliament? 154
5.5 Development of faction membership in the
1994-1998 Ukrainian Parliament 157
5.6 Factions in the post-March 1998 Rada 158
5.7 Regional variations in the 1998 parliamentary
elections 161
6.1 Basic economic indicators of Ukraine, 1991-1998 171
6.2 Ukraine consolidated budget results, 1992-1997 180
6.3 Extent of privatization in Ukraine, 1992-1997 185
6.4 Selected budgetary arrears, 1995-1997 199
Figures
4.1 Tiers of Ukrainian government 103
4.2 Structure of the government of Ukraine, 1997 117
4.3 Ukrainian parliamentary budget process 120
VII
VIII • TABLES AND ILLUSTRATIONS
4.4 Structure of the Ukrainian Parliament, 1998 122
4.5 Vertical structure of power under the 1996
Constitution of Ukraine 130
Graphs
6.1 Change in Ukrainian monetary aggregates, 1991-1996 178
6.2 Ukrainian monetary growth rates, 1992-1996 179
6.3 Real revenues, expenditures, and GDP,
January 1992-December 1996 182
6.4 Enterprise and government credits growth in relation
to inflation, 1992-1996 183
Photos
1.1 Independence Day celebrations, Kyiv, August 1994 32
2.1 Cossack Days of Glory, Dnipropetrovs'k,
September 1990 58
2.2 Old man in uniform of Sich Sharpshooters,
demonstration, Kyiv, spring 1994 61
2.3 New monument honoring Mykhailo Hrushevs'kyi,
Ukraine's preeminent historian and president,
independent Ukraine, 1917-1918 69
3.1 Riot at funeral of patriarch of Ukrainian Orthodox
Church-Kyiv Patriarchate, Kyiv, July 1995 84
4.1 Demonstration outside Ukrainian Television
headquarters by Christian Democratic Party of Ukraine,
protesting against political censorship, Kyiv, June 1995 124
4.2 Ukrainian National Assembly members of Parliament in
military fatigues, Parliament, summer 1994 136
5.1 Communist demonstration, Kyiv, summer 1993 149
5.2 Ukrainian National Assembly paramilitaries on
parade in central Kyiv, 1993 153
5.3 Leonid Kravchuk, president, 1991-1994 164
7.1 President Bill Clinton and President Leonid Kuchma,
Kyiv, May 1995 223
TABLES AND ILLUSTRATIONS • IX
7.2 President Leonid Kuchma and Secretary General
Javier Solana of NATO adopt NATO-Ukraine
Charter, Madrid, July 1997 223
8.1 National guard parading in Kyiv, Independence Day,
August 1994 243
8.2 Presidents Leonid Kuchma and Boris Yeltsin sign
agreement on Black Sea Fleet, Sochi, summer 1995 254
8.3 Ukrainian and U.S. troops in a NATO Partnership for
Peace exercise, Yavoriv training ground,
western Ukraine, 1997 259
Maps
FM.1 Ukraine: Territorial administrative structure XV
1.1 Referendum on independence 13
2.1 Ethnic Ukrainians 46
2.2 Ukrainian as native language 46
2.3 Proportion of school pupils studying in the
Ukrainian language, 1997 47