Politics and Legitimacy in Post-Soviet Eurasia

262 Pages·2016·1.344 MB·English

by  Martin Brusis, Joachim Ahrens, Martin Schulze Wessel (eds.)

Politics and Legitimacy in Post-Soviet Eurasia
Alsobytheeditors
J.AhrensandH.W.Hoen(eds),EconomicDevelopmentinCentralAsia:Institutional
UnderpinningsofFactorMarkets,EmergingMarketsStudies,2014.
J. Ahrens and H.W. Hoen (eds), Institutional Reform in Central Asia. Politico-
EconomicChallenges,CentralAsianStudies,2013.
J.Ahrens,R.CaspersandJ.Weingarth(eds),GoodGovernanceinthe21stCentury:
Conflict,InstitutionalChangeandDevelopmentintheEraofGlobalization,2011.
J.AhrensandR.Ohr(eds),ZehnJahreVertragvonMaastricht,2003.
J. Ahrens, Governance and Economic Development. A Comparative Institutional
Approach,2002.
M.Brusis,K.StaronˇováandR.Zubek(eds),StrategicPolicymakinginCentraland
Eastern Europe, Network of Schools and Institutes of Public Administration in
CentralandEasternEurope,2008.
M.BrusisandJ.Emmanouilidis(eds),ThinkingEnlarged.TheAccessionCountries
andtheFutureoftheEuropeanUnion,2002.
M.SchulzeWessel.RusslandsBlickaufPreußen.DiepolnischeFrageinderDiplomatie
und politischen Öffentlichkeit des Zarenreiches und des Sowjetstaates 1697–1947,
1995.
M. Schulze Wessel. Revolution und religiöser Dissens. Der römisch-katholische und
russisch-orthodoxe Klerus als Träger religiösen Wandels in den böhmischen Ländern
undderHabsburgermonarchiebzw.inRussland1848–1922,2011.
Politics and Legitimacy in
Post-Soviet Eurasia
Editedby
Martin Brusis
Director,CompetenceNetworkonInstitutionsandInstitutionalChangein
Postsocialism,LudwigMaximilianUniversityofMunich,Germany
Joachim Ahrens
ProfessorofInternationalEconomics,PrivateUniversityofAppliedSciences,Göttingen,
Germany
Martin Schulze Wessel
ChairfortheHistoryofEastandSoutheastEurope,LudwigMaximilianUniversityof
Munich,Germany
Selectionandeditorialmatter©MartinBrusis,JoachimAhrensand
MartinSchulzeWessel2016
Individualchapters©Respectiveauthors2016
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2016 978-1-137-48943-2
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Politicsandlegitimacyinpost-SovietEurasia/editedbyJoachimAhrens,MartinBrusis,
MartinSchulzeWessel.
pages cm
Summary:“PoliticallegitimacyhasbecomeascarceresourceinRussiaandother
post-SovietstatesinEurasia.Theircapacitytodeliverprosperityhassufferedfrom
economiccrisis,theconflictinUkraineandtheensuingconfrontationwiththeWest.
Willnationalismandrepressionenablepoliticalregimestosurvive?Thisbook
investigatesthepoliticsoflegitimationinpost-Sovietcountries,focusingonhow
politicalandintellectualelitesexploitdifferentmodesoflegitimation.Combining
cross-nationalcomparisonsandcountrycasestudies,itaddressesstate-economy
relations,pro-presidentialparties,courts,ideasofnationhood,historicaland
literarynarratives.Weakeconomicperformance,evidenceofelectoralfraud,
unresponsivegovernmentsandthewaningauthorityofpresidentscontinueto
jeopardizeinstitutionallegitimacy.Whilstincumbenteliteshavebeenabletoshift
betweenlegitimationmodes,thiscollectionarguesthatshiftstowardsnationalism,
artificialcharismaandtraditionalismwillnotbesufficientinthelongtermto
keepelitesinpower”—Providedbypublisher.
1. Legitimacyofgovernments—FormerSovietrepublics. 2. FormerSoviet
republics—Politicsandgovernment. 3. Elite(Socialsciences)—Political
activity—FormerSovietrepublics. 4. Post-communism—FormerSovietrepublics.
I. Ahrens,Joachim,1963–editorofcompilation. II. Brusis,Martin,
editorofcompilation. III. SchulzeWessel,Martin,1962–editorofcompilation.
JN6581.P582015
320.947—dc23 2015019851
Contents
ListofFiguresandTables vii
Acknowledgments viii
ListofContributors ix
1 ThePoliticsofLegitimationinPost-SovietEurasia 1
MartinBrusis
2 ComparingLegitimationStrategiesinPost-Soviet
Countries 18
ChristianvonSoestandJuliaGrauvogel
3 StateCapitalisminEurasia:ADual-EconomyApproachto
CentralAsia 47
JoachimAhrens,HermanW.HoenandMartinC.Spechler
4 LegitimationandthePartyofPowerinKazakhstan 72
AdeleDelSordi
5 LegitimacyandState-LedEconomicPolicyinGeorgia 97
ChristianTimm
6 Legitimacy,AccountabilityandDiscretionoftheRussian
Courts 121
AlexeiTrochev
7 ConceptsoftheNationandLegitimationinBelarus 148
FabianBurkhardt
8 StatePrograms,InstitutionsandMemoryinRussia 172
PhilippBürger
9 Cynics,LoyalistsandRebelsinRecentRussianFiction:
LiteraryScenariosofLegitimationandthePursuitof
‘SovereignDemocracy’ 193
AlfredSproedeandOleksandrZabirko
v
vi Contents
10 ComparativeConclusions:LegitimacyandLegitimationin
EurasianPost-CommunistStates 223
LeslieHolmes
Index 246
Figures and Tables
Figures
2.1 LegitimationstrategiesinRussiaandthewesternPSE
states 25
2.2 LegitimationstrategiesintheCaucasus 29
2.3 LegitimationstrategiesinCentralAsia 32
6.1 Court-orderedamountstobepaidbyfederalagencies 138
10.1 Eurasiandemocracyratings,rank-orderedby2013
percentilerank 237
Tables
1.1 Modesandobjectsoflegitimation 11
2.1 Summaryofclaimstolegitimacy 20
2.2 Regimedatesassessedbyexperts 23
6.1 Judge-approveddetentionsinRussia 126
6.2 Registeredcrimesofwrongfuldetentionunderarticle
301ofthecriminalcodeinRussia,1997–2010 127
6.3 ‘CitizenVersusGovernment’lawsuitsinRussiancourts
ofgeneraljurisdiction,2007–2013 134
6.4 Lawsuitsregardingunlawfulgovernment
actions/decisionsatalllevelshandledbyRussiancourts
ofgeneraljurisdiction(thousands) 135
10.1 EconomicperformanceofEurasianpost-communist
states 231
10.2 InequalityandunemploymentinEurasian
post-communiststates 232
10.3 PerceivedcorruptionlevelsinEurasianpost-communist
states,2014 235
10.4 Multi-partyparliamentaryelectionsinEurasian
post-communiststates,1992–2014 240
vii
Acknowledgments
This volume presents findings from a multi-disciplinary research
networkthathasbeenfundedbytheGermanFederalMinistryofEdu-
cation and Research (BMBF). Aimed at strengthening area studies in
Germany, the network has brought together scholars who are study-
ingthegeneration,contestationanderosionofinstitutionallegitimacy
in post-Soviet countries. Draft versions of the chapters for this volume
were presented and debated at a workshop held in November 2013 at
SiemensStiftunginMunich.
Theeditorswouldliketothankallparticipantsofthisworkshopand
all colleagues involved in the network for their stimulating comments
andhelpfulsuggestionsduringthepreparatoryprocess.Theeditorsare
particularly grateful to Leslie Holmes, who crossed the globe several
times to inspire and enrich this work, to Jutta Scherrer for her invalu-
ableadviceandtoBarbaraSerfozowhotookgreatcareinpolishingthe
Englishlanguageandeditingthechapters.WealsothanktheBMBFfor
its generous funding, Rolf Geserick as well as Angelika Baldus for their
professionalguidanceonalladministrativeissuesandSiemensStiftung
forhostingourworkshop.
viii
Contributors
Joachim Ahrens is Professor of International Economics at the Private
UniversityofAppliedSciences,Göttingen,Germany.
Martin Brusis is Managing Director of the project network ‘Institu-
tionsandInstitutionalChangeinPostsocialism’,UniversityofMunich,
Germany.
Philipp Bürger is a historian and PhD candidate at the Institute of
Historiography,UniversityofMunich,Germany.
FabianBurkhardtisaPhDstudentinPoliticalScienceattheGraduate
School of East and Southeast European Studies, University of Munich,
Germany.
Adele Del Sordi is a post-doctoralresearcher in Political Science at the
UniversityofAmsterdam,TheNetherlands.
Julia Grauvogel is a research fellow at the GIGA German Institute for
GlobalandAreaStudies,Hamburg,andaPhDstudentattheUniversity
ofHamburg,Germany.
HermanW.HoenisProfessorofInternationalPoliticalEconomyatthe
UniversityofGroningen,TheNetherlands.
LeslieHolmesisProfessorEmeritusofPoliticalScienceattheUniversity
ofMelbourne,Australia.
Martin Schulze Wessel is Professor of History of East and Southeast
EuropeattheUniversityofMunich,Germany.
Martin C. Spechler is Professor of Economics at Indiana University,
USA.
AlfredSproedeisProfessorofSlavonicandBalticLiteratures,University
ofMünster,Germany.
ix