Table Of Content

‘Politics was the first textbook I bought and read as an undergraduate and I have seen it benefit many more students since. Successive editions have provided a brilliant foundation for those eager to learn, engaging them with the joy of new understandings of complex political phenomena.’ – Matthew Ryan, University of Southampton, UK ‘This comprehensive and coherent textbook provides the best available introduction to the study of politics. Andrew Heywood organizes the material into meaningful categories, explores the major disciplinary debates with remarkable clarity, and carefully selects detailed examples that greatly enhance understanding. The book is highly accessible, and yet also sophisticated – students are well advised to hang on to their copies for future reference. The fifth edition, meanwhile, seamlessly integrates such hot-button issues as populism, post-truth politics, and the growing prominence of autocracy, and manages overall to capture the dynamic character of politics in a transitional era.’ – Bruce Morrison, Western University, Canada ‘As with every edition that has preceded this latest, updated edition, Andrew Heywood manages to render complex concepts, ideas, institutions and debates accessible and engaging for students. This is a comprehensive and incredibly useful resource for both student and educator alike.’ – Narelle Miragliotta, Monash University, Australia ‘Heywood’s Politics is by far the best introductory text to political science currently on the market. It does an excellent job of introducing vital concepts for the study of politics in an accessible, easy to grasp format.’ – Johannes van Gorp, American University of Sharjah, UAE ‘A stellar textbook that covers the essential introductory topics for first- year students while at the same time delves into contentious contemporary issues. The fifth edition includes a new thought-provoking final chapter that addresses the wave of anti-establishment fervour circulating in Western liberal democracies. Students who study political science are looking for answers and guidance in understanding today’s political disillusionment. Heywood’s text provides both and goes the extra mile by also discussing solutions with the clearest and most up-to-date advice on “mending politics”.’ – Roberta Haar, Maastricht University, the Netherlands ‘There is hardly a better textbook to approach the study of politics. This is an easy-to-read yet systematic and engaging introduction to political 2 science. This new edition has received a timely update and now covers topics such as populism, illiberal democracy and the crises of the EU. Heywood’s book is a key reference text that students should always keep on their desk for consultation as they progress through their degree in politics.’ – Edoardo Bressanelli, King’s College London, UK ‘Politics remains the text that still best hits the sweet spot between accessibility and academic sophistication.’ –Stephen Thornton, Cardiff University, UK ‘Thoughtfully organized, attractively presented, and eminently approachable, Heywood raises the bar for introductory politics texts. Instructors seeking a comprehensive overview of key concepts, theories, scholars, events, and political actors will find everything they need and more in this thoroughly updated edition of Politics.’ – Scott Fitzsimmons, University of Limerick, Ireland ‘This book is a marvel of erudition and compilation. It is accessible and user friendly. It remains the first stop for lecturers and students studying Politics.’ – Cillian McGrattan, University of Ulster, Ireland ‘Heywood’s Politics stands out as one of the most comprehensive and accessible textbooks in the market. Students will benefit especially from its illustrations of case studies and debates in politics.’ – James Wong, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong ‘The most versatile and rewarding foundational text for studying politics. Comprehensive in scope, packed with carefully crafted pedagogical features, and incorporating the latest scholarship, this edition is the ideal prompt for stimulating classroom discussions.’ – Andrew Glencross, Aston University, UK 3 POLITICS FIFTH EDITION ANDREW HEYWOOD 4 © Andrew Heywood, under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 1997, 2002, 2007, 2013, 2019 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This edition published 2019 by RED GLOBE PRESS Previous editions published under the imprint PALGRAVE Red Globe Press in the UK is an imprint of Springer Nature Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW. Red Globe Press® is a registered trademark in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978–1–352–00548–6 hardback ISBN 978–1–352–00545–5 paperback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 5 To Mark and Robin 6 BRIEF CONTENTS 1. WHAT IS POLITICS? 2. POLITICAL IDEAS AND IDEOLOGIES 3. POLITICS AND THE STATE 4. DEMOCRACY AND LEGITIMACY 5. REGIMES OF THE MODERN WORLD 6. NATIONS AND NATIONALISM 7. POLITICAL ECONOMY AND GLOBALIZATION 8. POLITICS, SOCIETY AND IDENTITY 9. POLITICAL CULTURE AND THE MEDIA 10. REPRESENTATION, ELECTIONS AND VOTING 11. PARTIES AND PARTY SYSTEMS 12. GROUPS, INTERESTS AND MOVEMENTS 13. CONSTITUTIONS, LAW AND JUDGES 14. POLITICAL EXECUTIVES AND LEADERSHIP 15. ASSEMBLIES 16. PUBLIC POLICY AND THE BUREAUCRACY 17. MULTILEVEL POLITICS 18. SECURITY: DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL 19. WORLD ORDER AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE 20. IS POLITICS BROKEN? 7 CONTENTS List of Illustrative Material Preface to the Fifth Edition Using This Book Guide to Key Features Guide to Website 1. WHAT IS POLITICS? Preview Key issues DEFINING POLITICS Politics as the art of government Politics as public affairs Politics as compromise and consensus Politics as power STUDYING POLITICS Approaches to the study of politics Concepts, models and theories POLITICS IN A GLOBAL AGE Beyond the domestic/international divide? Questions for discussion Further reading 2. POLITICAL IDEAS AND IDEOLOGIES Preview Key issues WHAT IS POLITICAL IDEOLOGY? CLASSICAL IDEOLOGICAL TRADITIONS Liberalism Conservatism Socialism OTHER IDEOLOGICAL TRADITIONS Anarchism Fascism Feminism Green ideology Cosmopolitanism Religious fundamentalism Populism Questions for discussion Further reading 3. POLITICS AND THE STATE 8 Preview Key issues DEFINING THE STATE Origins and development of the state Approaches to the state DEBATING THE STATE Rival theories of the state The role of the state ECLIPSE OF THE STATE? Decline and fall of the state Return of the state? Questions for discussion Further reading 4. DEMOCRACY AND LEGITIMACY Preview Key issues LEGITIMACY AND POLITICAL STABILITY Legitimizing power Legitimation crises and revolutions DEMOCRATIC LEGITIMACY Is democracy failing to deliver? Non-democratic legitimacy DEMOCRACY Understanding democracy Models of democracy Democracy in practice: rival views Towards cosmopolitan democracy? Questions for discussion Further reading 5. REGIMES OF THE MODERN WORLD Preview Key issues TRADITIONAL SYSTEMS OF REGIME CLASSIFICATION Why classify political regimes? Classical typologies The ‘three worlds’ typology MODERN SYSTEMS OF POLITICAL RULE Western liberal democracies Illiberal democracies East Asian regimes 9 Islamic regimes Military regimes Questions for discussion Further reading 6. NATIONS AND NATIONALISM Preview Key issues WHAT IS A NATION? Nations as cultural communities Nations as political communities VARIETIES OF NATIONALISM Liberal nationalism Conservative nationalism Expansionist nationalism Anti-colonial and postcolonial nationalism THE FUTURE OF NATIONALISM A world of nation-states Beyond nationalism? Questions for discussion Further reading 7. POLITICAL ECONOMY AND GLOBALIZATION Preview Key issues POLITICAL ECONOMY Approaches to political economy VARIETIES OF CAPITALISM Enterprise capitalism Social capitalism State capitalism Managed or unmanaged capitalism? GLOBALIZATION Understanding globalization The 2007–09 crisis and its legacy Backlash against globalization Questions for discussion Further reading 8. POLITICS, SOCIETY AND IDENTITY Preview Key issues POLITICS AND SOCIETY 10