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Political Violence: Belief, Behavior, and Legitimation PDF

259 Pages·2008·1.046 MB·English
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Political Violence This page intentionally left blank Political Violence Belief, Behavior, and Legitimation Edited by Paul Hollander POLITICAL VIOLENCE Copyright © Paul Hollander, 2008. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2008 978-0-230-60646-3 All rights reserved. First published in 2008 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States - a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-37374-1 ISBN 978-0-230-61624-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230616240 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Political violence : belief, behavior, and legitimation / edited by Paul Hollander. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Political violence—Soviet Union—Congresses. 2. Political violence— Congresses. I. Hollander, Paul. HN530.Z9V646 2008 303.609172(cid:2)4—dc22 2008012363 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Macmillan India Ltd. First edition: November 2008 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Robert Conquest Poet, writer, historian – A man of durable accomplishments This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments ix Paul Hollander: Introduction 1 Contemporary Political Violence and Its Legitimation Part I Soviet Communism 1. Joshua Rubenstein: The Reception of Robert Conquest’s The Great Terror 23 2. Norman M. Naimark: Stalin and the Question of Soviet Genocide 39 3. Stephen F. Cohen: The Victims Return: Gulag Survivors under Khrushchev 49 4. Mark Kramer: Leadership Succession and Political Violence in the USSR Following Stalin’s Death 69 5. John B. Dunlop: Post-Communist Political Violence: The Poisoning of Aleksandr Litvinenko 93 6. Lee Edwards: The Mass Media in the Service of Soviet Communism and in Post-Communist Russia 109 Part II Comparative Perspectives 7. Arthur Waldron: Managed Spontaneity in Rural Political Violence in China 127 8. Maria C. Werlau: Political Repression in Castro’s Cuba: Policies, Institutions and Victims 143 9. Mark Falcoff: Revolutions and Revolutionary Ideologies in Latin America 155 10. Anthony Daniels: Western Perceptions of Postcolonial Violence in Africa 165 11. Ibn Warraq: Apologists of Totalitarianism: From Communism to Islam 177 12. David Pryce-Jones: The Roots of Arab and Muslim Violence 193 Notes 205 Notes on Contributors 253 Biographical Appendix: Robert Conquest 255 This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments My efforts to honor Robert Conquest by editing a collection of writings inspired by his work and by organizing a conference of those who produced them have been helped by various organizations and individuals. Major credit goes to the Bradley Foundation, and especially to Dianne Sehler, Director of Academic Programs, which provided essential moral and material support and to the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) and its president at the time, Christopher DeMuth, that hosted the conference that took place on November 6–7, 2007 in Washington D.C. Most of the contributors presented the fi rst draft of their chapters at the conference. I also owe a longstanding personal debt to both of these institutions: The Bradley Foundation supported my own work on several occasions in past decades while the AEI invited me a number of times over the years to expose my ideas on vari- ous subjects to interested and knowledgeable audiences. I also thank the National Association of Scholars, and its President Stephen Balch for administering the grant provided by the Bradley Foundation. The publisher Palgrave Macmillan, and Toby Wahl, its senior editor, in particular, deserve credit for readily offering a contract for this volume. Two moderators at the conference, Leon Aron and Norman Ornstein signifi cantly contributed to the success of the proceedings. Kara Flook of AEI dili- gently and dependably attended to the numerous organizational and logistic tasks the conference required. I also take this opportunity to thank Stephen F. Cohen, Peter Kenez, Harvey Klehr, Mark Kramer and Norman Naimark for their thoughtful comments about the intro- duction that follows. Erika Pfaff, my research assistant, performed a variety of tasks essential for producing this book with dedication, intelligence, thoroughness and good judgment.

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