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Political Violence and the Struggle in South Africa PDF

395 Pages·1990·42.91 MB·English
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POLITICAL VIOLENCE AND THE STRUGGLE IN SOUTH AFRICA Also by N. Chabani Manganyi EXILE AND HOMECOMINGS Also by Andre du Toit AFRIKANER POLITICAL THOUGHT, 1780-1850 (with Hermann Giliomee) DIE SONDES VAN DIE VADERS Political Violence and the Struggle in South Africa Edited by N. Chabani Manganyi Professor and Senior Research Fellow African Studies Institute University of the Witwatersrand and Andre du Toit Professor of Political Studies University of Cape Town Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978-1-349-21076-3 ISBN 978-1-349-21074-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-21074-9 © N. Chabani Manganyi and Andre du Toit, 1990 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990 All rights reserved. For information, write: Scholarly and Reference Division, St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 First published in the United States of America in 1990 ISBN 978-0-312-04662-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Political violence and the struggle in South Africa/edited by N. Chabani Manganyi and Andre du Toit. p. em. ISBN 978-0-312-04662-0 1. Violence-South Africa. 2. Political persecution-South Africa. I. Manganyi, N. C. II. Du Toit, Andre. HN80l.Z9V568 1990 303.6'0968--dc20 90-30359 CIP Contents Notes on the Contributors vii Acknowledgements xi Editorial Introduction: The Time of the Comrades-Reflections on Political Commitment and Professional Discourse in a Context of Political Violence 1 1 The Epidemiology and Culture of Violence Shu/a Marks and Neil Andersson 29 2 The Concept of Violence Johan Degenaar 70 3 Discourses on Political Violence Andre du Toit 87 4 The Shooting at Uitenhage, 1985: The Context and Interpretation of Violence Robert Thornton 131 5 Symbolizing Violence: State and Media Discourse in Television Coverage of Township Protest, 1985-7 Deborah Pose/ 154 6 From Biko to Wendy Orr: The Problem of Medical Accountability in Contexts of Political Violence and Torture Mary Rayner 172 7 Detention and Violence: Beyond Victimology Don Foster and Donald Skinner 205 8 State Violence in South Africa and the Development of a Progressive Psychology Leslie Swartz, Kerry Gibson and Sally Swartz 234 9 Political Oppression and Children in South Africa: the Social Construction of Damaging Effects Leslie Swartz and Ann Levett 265 10 Crowds and their Vicissitudes: Psychology and Law in the South African Court-room N. Chabani Manganyi 287 11 Violence and the Law: The Use of the Censure in Political Trials in South Africa Dennis M. Davis 304 v VI Contents 12 Sentencing in Cases of Public Violence Clive Plasket 326 13 Images of Punishment in the People's Courts of Cape Town, 1985-7: From Prefigurative Justice to Populist Violence Wilfried Schiirf and Baba Ngcokoto 341 Index 373 Notes on the Contributors Neil Andersson is a Professor of Tropical Medicine at the University of Guerrero in Mexico, where he founded and now directs the Center for Tropical Diseases Research (CIET). After qualifying in medicine he specialised in epidemiology. He has worked partly as an academic based at the London School of Hygiene and partly as a field epidemiologist and consultant for international agencies, such as WHO and UNICEF. His work has included studies of health care and disease in South Africa; development of a new health planning and information method used by governments throughout Central America; and epidemiological follow-up of the victims of the Bhopal gas disaster. Dennis M. Davis was educated at the University of Cape Town and at Cambridge University. He is Associate Professor of Commercial Law at the University of Cape Town. Publications include a co-edited work Crime and Power in South Africa and being a contributing author of Detention and Torture in South Africa. He has published about forty articles includ ing work on political trends, jurisprudence and labour law. He is on the editorial board of the International Journal of Sociology of Law. Johan Degenaar is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Stellen bosch, where he has been teaching since 1951. From 1965 to 1987 he was head of the Department of Political Philosophy at this university. He has published a number of books in the area of political philosophy and morality and many scholarly articles on philosophical and interdisciplinary topics. His current research interests include literary theory and the philosophy of deconstruction. Among colleagues and students he is held in high regard as perhaps the premier philosopher active in South Africa, and he was honoured with a Festschrift In Gesprek in 1987. Don Foster is Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Cape Town. He was educated at the Universities of Stellen bosch, Cape Town, London and Cambridge. As part of his concern about detention he has been a member of a number of organisations including the Detention Action Committee (ADAC), Repression Monitoring Group (RMG), Detainee Clinic, and Organisation for Appropriate Social Ser vices in South Africa (OASSSA). He is the senior author of Detention and Torture in South Africa (1987) and has also served on the editorial board of Psychology in Society for the past six years. vii viii Notes on the Contributors Kerry Gibson is a clinical psychologist who received her MA (Ciin. Psych.) from the University of Cape Town. She is an ex-staff member of the Political Violence and Health Resources Project at the African Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand. She is currently Lecturer in the Department of Education at the same University. Her scholarly publica tions have appeared in Social Science and Medicine as well as Psychology and Society. Ann Levett is a Lecturer in the Department of Psychology at the University of Cape Town. She has recently submitted a PhD dissertation titled 'Psychological trauma: Discourses of childhood sexual abuse'. She is a clinical psychologist influenced by contemporary Euro-British social psy chology, anthropology, and with a strong interest in problematizing no tions of victimology. N. Chabani Manganyi is a practising clinical psychologist whose main concentration is forensic neuropsychology and is currently Professor and Senior Research Fellow in the African Studies Institute at the University of the Witwatersand. He was educated at the University of South Africa and at Yale University. He has published several papers in scholarly journals, three collections of essays, as well as two books of biography. Shula Marks is Director of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies and Professor of Commonwealth History in the University of London. She has published widely on South Af1 ican history, has been an editor of the Journal of African History and is on the editorial board of the Journal of Southern African Studies. Recently she was one of the advisers on the Granada TV series, 'The History of Apartheid'. Her publications include The Ambiguities of Dependence in Southern Africa and 'Not Either an Experimental Doll': the Separate Worlds of Three South African Women. She has jointly edited three volumes of essays on South African history, the most recent being The Politics of Race, Class and Nationalism in Twentieth Century South Africa with S. Trapido. Baba Ngcokoto completed an MA at Leeds University in 1989. He has studied at the University of Fort Hare, University of the North and the University of Cape Town. From 1982-3 he was a full-time organiser for the Azanian Student Organisation and was the Western Cape publicity sec retary of the United Democratic Front during 1984. Clive Plasket was educated at the University of Natal (Pietermaritzburg), where he obtained the degree of LLB and LLM in Administrative Law. After teaching law at the Universities of Natal (Pietermaritzburg) and Rhodes (East London Division), he joined the human rights legal firm Notes on the Contributors ix Cheadle Thompson & Haysom in Johannesburg in 1987. He has published articles primarily on human rights in such journals as the South African Journal on Human Rights and the South African Law Journal amongst others. Deborah Posel is a Research Officer in the African Studies Institute at the University of the Witwatersrand. She was educated at the University of the Witwatersrand and at Oxford University where she completed her doctor ate. She has contributed several chapters to books on African politics. Mary Rayner completed a doctoral dissertation on Cape Colonial slavery for Duke University in 1986. She worked for several years as a researcher for the Southern Africa project of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law in Washington DC. Her published work includes 'Law, Politics and Treason in South Africa' and Turning A Blind Eye? Medical Account ability and the Prevention of Torture in South Africa. Wilfried Scharf is a Senior Lecturer and Deputy Director at the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cape Town. He holds a BCom!LlB (1972) from Witwatersrand University, Johannesburg, and an MSoc Sci (Crimi nology) (1985) from the University of Cape Town. He is an Advocate of the Supreme Court of South Africa. He is an active member of NICPRO (National Institute of Crime Prevention and Rehabilitation of Offenders) and NADEL (National Association of Democratic Lawyers). Donald Skinner is employed by the Centre for Epidemiological Research in South Africa, where he is working on stress and developing interdisciplin ary research methods. He is completing an MA in Clinical Psychology at the University of Cape Town. Other research interests include the effects of political violence, coping methods and psychotherapy. Leslie Swartz is a Lecturer in Psychology at the University of Cape Town. He holds an MSc in Clinical Psychology (with distinction) from the Univer sity of Cape Town. He has authored or co-authored approximately 25 articles in the areas of cross-cultural psychiatry, psychiatry in South Africa, and developments in South African progressive psychology. He is on the editorial board of Psychology in Society and is an active member of the Organization for Appropriate Social Services in South Africa. Sally Swartz is a Lecturer in Clinical Psychology at the Child Guidance Clinic of the Department of Psychology at the University of Cape Town. She holds an MA in English and an MSc in Clinical Psychology from the University of Cape Town. She has published articles in the areas of discourse analysis, social theory and developments in South African pro-

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This book provides a unique perspective, at once scholarly and fully engaged, on the political violence in South Africa during 'The Time of the Comrades' in the mid-1980s. The work of a group of social scientists and professionals, whose own work and thinking have been profoundly affected by the pol
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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.