Political Problems PDF
Preview Political Problems
A01_CAHN2472_01_SE_FM.qxd 1/13/10 8:09 AM Page i P P OLITICAL ROBLEMS A01_CAHN2472_01_SE_FM.qxd 1/13/10 8:09 AM Page ii This page intentionally left blank A01_CAHN2472_01_SE_FM.qxd 1/13/10 8:09 AM Page iii P P OLITICAL ROBLEMS EDITEDBY STEVEN M. CAHN CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK GRADUATE CENTER ROBERT B. TALISSE VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY A01_CAHN2472_01_SE_FM.qxd 1/13/10 8:09 AM Page iv Firstpublished2011byPearsonEducation,Inc., Published 201 6by Routledg e 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprinto f the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 2011 Taylor & Francis All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishe rs. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infring e. Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on pages 303–304. Cover Designer: Axell Designs Text Font: Palatino ISBN: 9780205642472 (pbk) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Political problems/edited by Steven M. Cahn, Robert B. Talisse. p. cm. ISBN-13: 978-0-205-64247-2 1. United States—Politics and government—1989- I. Cahn, Steven M. II. Talisse, Robert B. JK1726.P63 2011 320.60973—dc22 2009053071 A01_CAHN2472_01_SE_FM.qxd 1/13/10 8:09 AM Page v C ONTENTS ABOUTTHEAUTHORS ix PREFACE xiii SECTION 1 SCHOOLVOUCHERS 1 READING1 JOSEPHS. SPOERL, “JUSTICEANDTHECASEFORSCHOOL VOUCHERS.” PUBLICAFFAIRSQUARTERLY, VOL. 9, NO. 1 (JANUARY1995): 2–14. 2 Joseph S. Spoerl READING2 JEFFREYR. HENIG, “RETHINKINGSCHOOLCHOICE,” FROM HENIG, RETHINKINGSCHOOLCHOICE(PRINCETONUNIVERSITY PRESS, 1994): 21–29. 12 Jeffrey R. Henig SECTION 2 GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR THE ARTS 19 READING3 RONALDDWORKIN, “CANALIBERALSTATESUPPORTART?” FROMRONALDDWORKIN, AMATTEROFPRINCIPLE(CAMBRIDGE, MA: HARVARDUNIVERSITYPRESS, 1985): 221–233. 20 Ronald Dworkin READING4 NOËLCARROLL, “CANGOVERNMENTFUNDINGOFTHEARTS BEJUSTIFIEDTHEORETICALLY?” JOURNALOFAESTHETIC EDUCATION,VOL. 21, NO. 1 (SPRING1987): 21–50. 31 Noël Carroll v A01_CAHN2472_01_SE_FM.qxd 1/13/10 8:09 AM Page vi vi CONTENTS SECTION 3 PORNOGRAPHY 43 READING5 HELENE. LONGINO, “PORNOGRAPHY, OPPRESSION, ANDFREEDOM: ACLOSERLOOK,” LAURALEDERER, ED., TAKEBACKTHENIGHT(WILLIAMMORROW& CO., 1980). 44 Helen E. Longino READING6 JOELFEINBERG, “THEFEMINISTCASEAGAINSTPORNOGRAPHY,” FROMFEINBERG, OFFENSETOOTHERS(OXFORDUNIVERSITY PRESS, 1985). 54 Joel Feinberg SECTION 4 SAME-SEX MARRIAGE 67 READING7 RALPHWEDGWOOD, “SAME-SEXMARRIAGE: APHILOSOPHICAL DEFENSE,” R. BAKER, K. WININGER, ANDF. ELLISTON, EDS., PHILOSOPHYANDSEX,3/E(PROMETHEUSBOOKS, 1998): 212–230. 68 Ralph Wedgwood READING8 JEFFREYJORDAN, “ISITWRONGTODISCRIMINATEONTHEBASIS OFHOMOSEXUALITY?” JOURNALOFSOCIALPHILOSOPHY, VOL. 26, NO. 1 (SPRING1995): 39–52. 85 Jeffrey Jordan SECTION 5 DRUG LEGALIZATION 95 READING9 DOUGLASN. HUSAK, “LIBERALNEUTRALITYAND DRUGPROHIBITIONS,” ETHICS, VOL. 110 (2000). 96 Douglas N. Husak READING10 SAMUELFREEMAN, “LIBERALISMANDRIGHTSOF DRUGUSE,” PABLODCGRIEFF, ED.,DRUGSANDTHELIMITS OFLIBERALISM(CORNELLUNIVERSITYPRESS, 1999): 110–130. 110 Samuel Freeman A01_CAHN2472_01_SE_FM.qxd 1/13/10 8:09 AM Page vii CONTENTS vii SECTION 6 GUN CONTROL 119 READING11 TODDC. HUGHESANDLESTERH. HUNT, “THELIBERALBASIS OFTHERIGHTTOBEARARMS,” PUBLICAFFAIRSQUARTERLY, VOL. 14, NO. 1 (2000): 1–25. 120 Todd C. Hughes and Lester H. Hunt READING12 HUGHLAFOLLETTE, “GUNCONTROL,” ETHICS, VOL. 110 (2000): 263–281. 139 Hugh LaFollette SECTION 7 TERRORISM 153 READING13 MICHAELWALZER, “TERRORISM: ACRITIQUEOFEXCUSES,” STEVENLUPER-FOY, ED., PROBLEMSOFINTERNATIONALJUSTICE (WESTVIEWPRESS, 1988). 154 Michael Walzer READING14 LIONELK. MCPHERSON, “ISTERRORISMDISTINCTIVELY WRONG?”ETHICS117 (APRIL2007): 524–546. 160 Lionel K. McPherson SECTION 8 TORTURE 179 READING15 HENRYSHUE, “TORTURE,” PHILOSOPHYANDPUBLICAFFAIRS1 (WINTER, 1978): 124–143. 180 Henry Shue READING16 DANIELJ. HILL, “TICKINGBOMBS, TORTURE, ANDTHEANALOGY WITHSELF-DEFENSE,” AMERICANPHILOSOPHICALQUARTERLY, VOL. 44, NO. 4 (2007): 395–404. 193 Daniel J. Hill SECTION 9 CAPITALPUNISHMENT 203 READING17 ERNESTVANDENHAAG, “INDEFENSEOFTHEDEATHPENALTY,” CRIMINALLAWBULLETIN,VOL. 14, NO. 1 (1978): 51–68. 204 Ernest van den Haag A01_CAHN2472_01_SE_FM.qxd 1/13/10 8:09 AM Page viii viii CONTENTS READING18 HUGOADAMBEDAU, “CAPITALPUNISHMENT,” TOMREGAN, ED., MATTERSOFLIFEANDDEATH(MCGRAW-HILL, 1993). 212 Hugo Adam Bedau SECTION 10 AFFIRMATIVE ACTION 225 READING19 STEVENM. CAHN, “TWOCONCEPTSOFAFFIRMATIVEACTION,” ACADEME, VOL. 83 (1997). 226 Steven M. Cahn READING20 TOML. BEAUCHAMP, “INFAVOROFAFFIRMATIVEACTION,” JOURNALOFETHICS2 (1998): 143–158. 234 Tom L. Beauchamp SECTION 11 IMMIGRATION 247 READING21 MICHAELWALZER, “THEDISTRIBUTIONOFMEMBERSHIP,” PETERBROWNANDHENRYSHUE, EDS., BOUNDARIES: NATIONAL AUTONOMYANDITSLIMITS(ROWMANANDLITTLEFIELD, 1981): 1–36. 248 Michael Walzer READING22 JOSEPHH. CARENS, “MIGRATIONANDMORALITY: ALIBERAL EGALITARIANPERSPECTIVE,” BRIANBARRYANDROBERT GOODIN, EDS., FREEMOVEMENT(PENNSYLVANIASTATE UNIVERSITYPRESS, 1992): 25–47. 266 Joseph H. Carens SECTION 12 THE ENVIRONMENT 285 READING23 WILLIAMF. BAXTER, “PEOPLEORPENGUINS: THECASEFOR OPTIMALPOLLUTION,” FROMBAXTER, PEOPLEORPENGUINS (COLUMBIAUNIVERSITYPRESS, 1974). 286 William F. Baxter READING24 THOMASE. HILL, JR., “IDEALSOFHUMANEXCELLENCEAND PRESERVINGNATURALENVIRONMENTS,” ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS5 (1983): 211–224. 291 Thomas E. Hill Jr. CREDITS 303 A01_CAHN2472_01_SE_FM.qxd 1/13/10 8:09 AM Page ix A A BOUT THE UTHORS WILLIAMF. BAXTER William F. Baxter (1929–1998) was Professor of Law at Stanford University. He argues that it is impossible to eradicate pollution without severely harming peo- ple, a result to be avoided. TOML. BEAUCHAMP Tom L. Beauchamp is Professor of Philosophy and Senior Research Scholar at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics of Georgetown University. He argues that certain forms of affirmative action are needed to overcome discrimination. HUGOADAMBEDAU Hugo Adam Bedau is Austin B. Fletcher Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at Tufts University. He argues that the death penalty is not an effective deterrent and thus is unjustified. STEVENM. CAHN Steven M. Cahn is Professor of Philosophy at the City University of New York Graduate Center. He argues that affirmative action is not justified either as com- pensation for past injustice or as a contribution to future diversity but might be a last resort to overcome present-day prejudice. JOSEPHH. CARENS Joseph H. Carens is Professor of Political Science at the University of Toronto. He argues that freedom of movement is a fundamental liberty and thus immigration can be restricted only under special circumstances. NOËLCARROLL Noël Carroll is a Professor of Philosophy at the City University of New York Graduate Center. Carroll argues that although art plays an important moral role in ix
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