Political Parties and Euroscepticism

278 Pages·2012·1.623 MB·English

by  Liubomir K. Topaloff (auth.)

Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics
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Political Parties and
Euroscepticism
Liubomir K. Topaloff
Senior Assistant Professor, School of Political Science
and Economics Meiji University, Japan
© Liubomir K. Topaloff 2012
Foreword © Amílcar Antonio Barreto 2012
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2012 978-0-230-36176-8
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ISBN 978-1-349-34842-8 ISBN 978-1-137-00968-5 (eBook)
DOI10.1057/9781137009685
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Topaloff, Liubomir K., 1973–
Political parties and Euroscepticism / by Liubomir K. Topaloff.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
1. Political parties – European Union countries. 2. Europe – Economic
integration – Political aspects. 3. European Union – Public opinion.
4. European Union countries – Economic integration – Public opinion.
5. European Union countries – Politics and government – 21st century.
6. Public opinion – European Union countries. I. Title.
JN50.T66 2012
324.2094—dc23 2012011349
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12
To Nona, Theo and Nataly

Contents
List of Tables and Figures ix
Foreword x
Preface xii
Acknowledgements xvi
List of Abbreviations xviii
Introduction 1
1 Defining Party-Based Euroscepticism: Structure,
Processes, and Actors 17
The process: euroscepticism as a political issue 19
Party-based euroscepticism 22
The structure: euroscepticism and integration 26
The actors: central and peripheral ones 28
2 The ‘Dark’ Side of Democratization from Below 36
The road to euroscepticism 36
Historical review: the need for reforms 42
Empirical evidence 57
Conclusion 66
3 Euroscepticism: Old Cleavages or New Strategies 69
Theories and models of euroscepticism 70
Empirical analysis 76
Case study of two French ‘strange bedfellows’ 97
Conclusion 100
4 The Shadow of the Future 102
Democracy and populism – a ‘nested game’ 107
Empirical testing 111
Conclusion 145
vii
viii Contents
5 The Specter of Coalitionability 148
Strategic assessment 153
Empirical evidence 174
Conclusion 212
Notes 214
Bibliography 225
Index 247
Tables and Figures
Tables
2.1 Referenda on European integration, 1986–2009 49
3.1 Scoring a left/right scale on the basis of the
manifesto estimates 82
3.2 Composition of dimensions categories for policy positions of
political parties 8 4
4.1 E uropean Community/EU commissions, 1985–2011 123
4.2 Structural funds increase since mid-1970s 143
5.1 C ombined results for nationwide vote in Spain, 1977–2009
local, national, European Parliament elections 1 86
5.2 French elections, 1981–2007 202
Figures
2.1 Histogram of frequency of reference to Europe, 1979–2003 59
2.2 References to Europe, 1979–84 60
2.3 R eferences to Europe, 1985–9 61
2.4 R eferences to Europe, 1990–6 63
2.5 Eurosceptic trends, 1979–2003 64
2.6 R eferences to Europe, 1997–2005 65
3.1 European integration versus left/right ideology 86
3.2 European integration versus market economy 87
3.3 European integration versus sovereignty 88
4.1 W ho controls the EU budget? 140
4.2 S tructural and cohesion funds as percentage of the
total EU budget, 2011 141
4.3 F lowchart of application and funding process for
structural and cohesion funds 144
5.1 S trategic decision-making tree 167
5.2 Comparison of vote distribution between PSOE
and IU, 1977–2009 187

ix