Political Organization in Nigeria Since the Late Stone Age: A History of the Igbo People PDF
Preview Political Organization in Nigeria Since the Late Stone Age: A History of the Igbo People
Political Organization in Nigeria since the Late Stone Age December9,2010 12:27 MAC-US/STON Page-i 9780230621930_01_prex This page intentionally left blank Political Organization in Nigeria since the Late Stone Age A History of the Igbo People JohnN.Oriji December9,2010 12:27 MAC-US/STON Page-iii 9780230621930_01_prex politicalorganizationinnigeriasincethelatestoneage Copyright©JohnN.Oriji,2011. Allrightsreserved. Firstpublishedin2011byPALGRAVEMACMILLAN®inthe UnitedStates-adivisionofSt.Martin’sPressLLC,175FifthAvenue, NewYork,NY10010. WherethisbookisdistributedintheUK,Europeandtherestofthe World,thisisbyPalgraveMacmillan,adivisionofMacmillan PublishersLimited,registeredinEngland,companynumber785998, ofHoundmills,Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabove companiesandhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnited States,theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN:978–0–230–62193–0 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailablefromthe LibraryofCongress. AcataloguerecordofthebookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. DesignbyIntegraSoftwareServices Firstedition:January2011 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica. December9,2010 12:27 MAC-US/STON Page-iv 9780230621930_01_prex Contents ListofIllustrationsandTables vii Acknowledgments ix 1 Introduction 1 2 IgbolandBeforeandDuringtheIronAge:FromStateless SocietiestoMiniStates 31 3 TheIgboandTheirNeighborsBeforetheFifteenthCentury 61 4 TheIgboandtheBenin,Igala,andIjoMegaStatesDuringthe Trans-AtlanticSlaveTrade 87 5 TheAroTradeNetwork:ChangesinIgboSocietyDuringthe Eighteenth-NineteenthCenturies 107 6 AbolitionoftheSlaveTradeandtheGenesesofLegitimate Commerce,Christianity,andtheNewImperialism 139 7 DevelopmentsinIgbolandfromthe1890stothe1970s 161 8 Conclusion 183 Notes 187 Bibliography 225 Index 241 December9,2010 12:27 MAC-US/STON Page-v 9780230621930_01_prex This page intentionally left blank List of Illustrations and Tables Maps 1.1 IgbolanddrawnbytheGraphicCommunicationsInstitute, CalPolyStateUniversity 3 3.1 PeoplesandlanguagesofSouthernNigeriadrawnbythe GraphicCommunicationsInstitute,CalPolyState University 62 4.1 MigrationsoftheUmuchimaClanfromtheBeninEmpire drawnbytheGraphicCommunicationsInstitute,CalPoly StateUniversity 95 5.1 TownsandVillagesInvadedbytheAbamdrawnbythe GraphicCommunicationsInstitute,CalPolyState University 120 Images 2.1 IgboYamsfromOgutaareadisplayedforsaleatOwerriyam market 39 2.2 TheEarth-Goddess(Ala,Ani)attheMbariCenter,Owerri 46 5.1 Chukwu(AroOracle)attheMbariCenter,Owerri 113 5.2 IgwekalaOracleattheMbariCenter,Owerri 122 7.1 WarrantChiefattheMbariCenter,Owerri 169 7.2 DistrictOfficer“Nawadisi”(InitiallycalledDistrict Commissioner)attheMbariCenter,Owerri 172 Sketches 1.1 IsuamaMigrations 6 2.1 LocationsoftheGodsofaVillage 43 2.2 ADiagrammaticRepresentationofIgboCosmology 45 2.3 LocationofthePrincipalDeitiesofaCompound 48 December9,2010 12:27 MAC-US/STON Page-vii 9780230621930_01_prex viii ● ListofIllustrationsandTables Tables 5.1 BritishExportofArmsandAmmunitionsto WestAfrica 109 5.2 MethodsofEnslavementofKoelle’sInformantsby PercentageofknownInstances 134 December9,2010 12:27 MAC-US/STON Page-viii 9780230621930_01_prex Acknowledgments I wish to thank many institutions and individuals who, in various ways, contributed to the publication of this book. My archival, library, and oral researchinNigeria(2007/2008)wassponsoredbytheCollegeofLiberalArts, California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly), through its Faculty Sup- portProgram.IalsowanttoextendmyappreciationtotheCalPolyLibrary, which readily supplied me through its interlibrary loan unit, the numerous materials I needed for my research, including books and journal and maga- zinearticles.IreceivedmuchassistancefromthepubliclibraryatUmuahia, AbiaStateofNigeria;theInstituteofAfricanStudies,UniversityofNigeria, Nsukka; and the Nigerian National Archives, Enugu. Similarly, B. Njoku, the Curator of Imo State Council of Arts and Culture, Owerri, conducted mearoundtheirMbariclayfigurinesandallowedmetotakephotographsof thevariousgods,theDistrictOfficer,andtheWarrantChief,whicharepub- lished in this book. Many Traditional Rulers (Ndi Eze/Igwe) showed great interest in my research, and some of them gave me copies of rare booklets andmanuscriptsdealingwiththehistoryandcultureoftheircommunities. IowemuchgratitudetomycolleaguesintheUnitedStateswhocritiqued this work and offered invaluable advice, especially the archeologist Profes- sor Terry Jones, Chair, Department of Social Sciences, Cal Poly, and to the anonymous readers who reviewed the preliminary copies of the manuscript forthepublisher.IreceivedimmensetechnicalassistancefromLyndeeSing, DirectorofGraphicCommunicationsInstitute,CalPoly,whonotonlydrew themaps,butproducedCDcopiesofthemapsandphotographsforthepub- lisher. George Levin, a graduate student in the History Department at Cal Poly,helpedindesigningthesketchesandintypingpartofthemanuscript, while Brinn Stange, a graduate student in the English Department, assisted with the proofreading. My profound gratitude also goes to the professional teamatPalgraveMacmillan,whoworkedassiduouslyeitherintheproofread- ingofmymanuscriptoritspublication,particularly,ChrisChappell(Editor), SarahWhalen(AssistantEditor),AfrinKabir(ProjectManager)andErinIvy December9,2010 12:27 MAC-US/STON Page-ix 9780230621930_01_prex
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