Political Islam from Muhammad to Ahmadinejad: defenders, defractors, and definitions

297 Pages·2010·1.189 MB·English

by  Skelly, Joseph Morrison

Political Islam from
Muhammad to Ahmadinejad

Political Islam from
Muhammad to Ahmadinejad
Defenders, Detractors, and Definitions
JOSEPH MORRISON SKELLY, EDITOR
Foreword by Bernard Lewis
P S I
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PoliticalIslamfromMuhammadtoAhmadinejad:defenders,detractors,anddefinitions/
JosephMorrisonSkelly,editor;forewordbyBernardLewis.
p.cm.
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ISBN978-0-313-37223-0(hardcover:alk.paper)—ISBN978-0-313-37224-7(ebook)
1. Islamandpolitics—History. I. Skelly,JosephMorrison.
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CopyrightAcknowledgments
The editor and publisher gratefully acknowledge permission for use of the following
material:
PhilipCarlSalzman,‘‘BalancedOpposition:TheTribalFoundationsofArabMiddleEast-
ernIslamicCulture,’’reprintedfromPhilipCarlSalzman,CultureandConflictintheMiddle
East(Amherst,NY:HumanityBooks,2008),9–16,137–48,159–60.Copyright2008byPhilip
CarlSalzman.Allrightsreserved.Adaptedandreprintedwithpermissionoftheauthorand
publisher.
RobertP.Barnidge,Jr.,‘‘WarandPeace:NegotiatingMeaninginIslam,’’reprintedwith
permission.Originallypublishedas‘‘WarandPeace:NegotiatingMeaninginIslam,’’Critical
StudiesonTerrorism1,no.2(2008):263–78,http://www.informaworld.com.
JosephC.Myers,‘‘TheQuranicConceptofWar,’’reprintedwithpermission.Originally
publishedasJosephC.Myers,‘‘TheQuranicConceptofWar,’’Parameters:U.S.ArmyWar
CollegeQuarterly36,no.4(Winter2006–07):108–21.
Contents
Acknowledgments vii
Abbreviations ix
ForewordbyBernardLewis xi
I. Introduction 1
1 PoliticalIslamfromMuhammadtoAhmadinejad 3
JosephMorrisonSkelly
II. TheOriginsofPoliticalIslam 13
2 BalancedOpposition:TheTribalFoundationsofArab
MiddleEasternIslamicCulture 15
PhilipCarlSalzman
3 WhyDidMuhammadAttacktheByzantines?ARe-examination
ofQuranSura30:1–2 27
DavidCook
4 ChallengingtheIslamistPoliticizationofIslam:TheNon-Islamic
OriginsofMuslimPoliticalConcepts 35
SherkoKirmanj
III. InterpretingPoliticalIslam 51
5 WarandPeace:NegotiatingMeaninginIslam 53
RobertP.Barnidge,Jr.
vi Contents
6 TheQuranicConceptofWar 72
JosephC.Myers
IV. JihadinAfrica:PastandPresent 89
7 MadMullahsandthePaxBritannica:IslamasaFactorinSomali
ResistancetoBritishColonialRule 91
GeorgeL.Simpson,Jr.
8 JihadistsandJurisprudents:The‘‘Revisions’’LiteratureofSayyid
ImamandAl-Gama‘aAl-Islamiyya 105
DanielJ.Lav
9 TakfirasaToolforInstigatingJihadAmongMuslims:
TheGhanaianExample 147
MohammedHafiz
V. PoliticalIslaminIran,Iraq,andPalestine 161
10 ReadingTehraninWashington:TheProblemsofDefiningthe
FundamentalistRegimeinIranandAssessingtheProspectsfor
PoliticalChange 163
OfiraSeliktar
11 TheModernImpactofMahdismandtheCaseofIraq 182
TimothyR.Furnish
12 PalestinianPrecedents:TheOriginsofAl-Qaeda’sUseofSuicide
TerrorismandIstishhad 193
BenjaminT.Acosta
VI. EconomicReformandReformingIslam 207
13 EconomicJusticeintheMiddleEast:ABadIdea,BadlyDone 209
PatrickClawson
14 ‘‘ForTruthDoesNotOpposeTruth’’:TheAgreement
ofDivineLawandPhilosophyinAverro€es’TheBook
oftheDecisiveTreatise(KitabFaslal-Maqal) 225
TerenceJ.Kleven
15 HermeneuticsandHumanRights:LiberalDemocracy,
Catholicism,andIslam 237
EdwardT.Barrett
Index 267
AbouttheContributors 277
Acknowledgments
I wish to thank the staff of the Association for the Study of the Middle
East and Africa for their tireless assistance, especially David Silverstein,
Patrick Creamer, Kaitlyn Reif, and Caitlyn Walters. I am deeply grateful
to the founders of the Association, Professor Bernard Lewis and Profes-
sorFouadAjami,fortheirsustainedguidanceandunremittingsupport.I
wish to express my gratitude to the following ASMEA officials for their
leadership and counsel: Mark T. Clark, President; J. Peter Pham, Vice
President; and the members of the Academic Council: Leslie H. Gelb,
Victor Davis Hanson, David S. Landes, Robert J. Lieber, Fedwa Malti-
Douglas,GerardPrunier, SecretaryGeorge P.Shultz,KennethStein, and
Bassam Tibi. Several scholars contributed to the success of the Associa-
tion’s inaugural conference in Washington, DC, in April 2008, including
Donovan Chau, James Mabry, Richard Saccone, Kim Shienbaum, Kemal
Silay,andNormanStillman.
At Praeger Security International, the editorial, production, design,
and marketing teams have lent inspired support to this project from
inception to completion, especially Anthony Chiffolo, Steve Catalano,
Elizabeth Potenza, Nicole Azze, Valentina Tursini, Nancy Cambareri,
andDevonHay.
IgreatlyappreciatetheeffortsofDr.TimothyR.Furnish,whoassisted
with the early stages of the publication of this book. I value the insights
of my academic colleagues, including David Gordon of the City Univer-
sity of New York, David Gregory of Saint John’s University School of
Law, William Cobert of Manhattan, Richard English of Queen’s Univer-
sity Belfast, Iain Atack of Trinity College Dublin, and, at the College of
viii Acknowledgments
Mount Saint Vincent, Brother Daniel Adams, Kathleen Bonner,
Mayra Figueroa, Mary Fuller, Dianne Hopkins, Evelyn Lopez, Cathryn
McCarthy, Edward Meyer, Jeanne Papazian, Lillian Ruane-Kiely, Ron
Scapp,andOdaliaTaveras.
Abbreviations
DC District Commissioner
EAP EastAfrican Protectorate
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
ILSA Iran-Libya Sanctions Act
IRGC Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps
ISA IranSanctions Act
ISG IraqStudyGroup
KAR King’sAfricanRifles
MOIS Ministryof Intelligence andSecurity (Iran)
NFD Northern Frontier District
NIAC National Iranian-American Council
PBO PlanandBudget Organization (Iran)
PIJ Palestinian Islamic Jihad
PRISM Projectfor the Researchof Islamist Movements