Political Ecology: Science, Myth and Power (An Arnold Publication) PDF
Preview Political Ecology: Science, Myth and Power (An Arnold Publication)
Political Ecology This page intentionally left blank Political Ecology Science, Myth and Power Edited by Philip Stott and Sian Sullivan School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London A member of the Hodder Headline Group LONDON Co-published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press Inc., New York First published in Great Britain in 2000 by Arnold, a member of the Hodder Headline Group, 338 Huston Road, London NW1 3BH http://www.arnoldpublishers.com Co-published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press Inc., 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 ©2000 Arnold All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronically or mechanically, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without either prior permission in writing from the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying. In the United Kingdom such licences are issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency: 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P OLP. The advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, but neither the authors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0 340 76165 2 (hb) ISBN 0340 76166 0(pb) 12345678910 Production Editor: James Rabson Production Controller: Iain Mc Williams Cover Design: Terry Griffiths Typeset in 10/12 pt Times by Phoenix Photosetting, Chatham, Kent Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall What do you think about this book? Or any other Arnold title? Please send your comments to [email protected] Contents Notes on contributors vii Preface ix List of abbreviations xi Introduction 1 Philip Stott and Sian Sullivan Part 1 Science and Myth 1 Getting the science right, or introducing science in the first place? Local 15 'facts', global discourse - 'desertification' in north-west Namibia Sian Sullivan 2 Environmental myths and narratives: case studies from Zimbabwe 45 Deborah Potts 3 Sea-level rise, subsidence and submergence: the political ecology of 66 environmental change in the Bengal delta Robert W. Bradnock and Patricia L. Saunders 4 A political ecology of forest management: gender and silvicultural 91 knowledge in the Jharkhand, India Sarah Jewitt and Sanjay Kumar Part 2 Water and 'Virtual Water' 5 Contending environmental knowledge on water in the Middle East: global, 117 regional and national contexts J. Anthony Allan 6 Precipitation, people, pipelines and power in southern Africa: towards a 132 'virtual water'-based political ecology discourse A.R. Turton Part 3 The Relations of Power, Global to Local 7 Ecological possibilities and political constraints: adjustments of farming to 157 protracted drought by women and men in the Western Division of The Gambia Kathleen Baker vi Contents 8 Rainforest: biodiversity conservation and the political economy of international 179 financial institutions Korinna Horta 9 Contesting the plot: environmental politics and the urban allotment garden 203 in Britain and Japan Richard Wiltshire, David Crouch and Ren Azuma 10 Environmental refugees: the origins of a construct 218 Patricia L. Saunders 11 Global environmental security: an emerging 'concept of control'? 247 Jeroen Warner Index 267 There is a web site for this book at http://www.arnoldpublishers.com/support/politicalecologv/ which includes abstracts and useful resources for the book Notes on Contributors J. Anthony Allan is Professor of Geography in the University of London at the School of Oriental and African Studies, UK. Ren Azuma is Professor of Cultural Geography, Mie University, Japan. Kathleen M. Baker is a lecturer in the Department of Geography, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, UK. Robert W. Bradnock is Head of the Department of Geography, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, UK. David Crouch is Professor of Cultural Geography, Tourism and Leisure in the School of Tourism at the University of Derby, UK. Korinna Horta is currently working for the Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, USA. Sarah Jewitt is a lecturer on environment and development-related issues in the Department of Geography, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, UK. Sanjay Kumar is currently on leave from his post as Conservator of Forests with the Indian Forest Service while he undertakes doctoral research on social capital and community-based resource management in the Jharkhand region at the University of Cambridge, UK. Deborah Potts is a lecturer in the Department of Geography, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, UK. Patricia L. Saunders is a freelance researcher in development, environment and peace issues in the governmental, intergovernmental, NGO and academic sectors. Philip Stott is Professor of Biogeography in the University of London at the School of Oriental and African Studies, UK. Sian Sullivan holds a Post-doctoral Research Fellowship, based in the Departments of Anthropology and Geography, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, UK. viii Notes on contributors Anthony R. Turton is a political scientist at the University of Pretoria, Republic of South Africa. Jeroen Warner is a researcher at the Flood Hazard Research Centre, Middlesex University, UK. Richard Wiltshire is a Senior Lecturer in Geography, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, UK. Preface This book is derived from a two-term Research Seminar Series on 'Political Ecology' held in the Department of Geography, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, during the academic year 1998-99. Meetings were convened every Tuesday during term time and the final version presented here reflects the interactive inputs of many scholars and students who participated in the lively discussions. The Series was organised by Professor Tony Allan, the then Research Tutor of the Department, who also chaired most of the sessions. Particular thanks must also go to Ms Jacqui Dyer, Dr Eric Patrick and Dr Hiroyuki Yoshida for their strong and stimulating support throughout. The editors would further like to express their own thanks to all the authors for the prompt delivery of manuscripts and for dealing so amiably with the many requests for additional information sought during editing. They are especially grateful to those authors who work outside SOAS and also to Patricia L. Saunders for her pioneering chapter on the construction of knowledge relating to 'environmental refugees' which was especially commissioned for the book. Finally, they wish to thank most warmly Dr Robert Bradnock, the then Head of the Department of Geography at SOAS, our copy editor Ms Susan Dunsmore, and Ms Luciana O'Flaherty of Arnold for their tremendous support during the process of bringing the final version to print. Professor Philip Stott Dr Sian Sullivan January 2000
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