Political Culture and Communist Studies

223 Pages·1984·24.26 MB·English

by  Archie Brown (eds.)

POLITICAL CULTURE AND COMMUNIST STUDIES
St Antony's!M acmillan Series
General editor: Archie Brown, Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford
Roy Allison FINLAND'S RELATIONS WITH THE SOVIET UNION 1944-84
Said Amir Arjomand (editor) FROM NATIONALISM TO REVOLUTIONARY
ISLAM
Anders Aslund PRIVATE ENTERPRISE IN EASTERN EUROPE
Archie Brown (editor) POLITICAL CULTURE AND COMMUNIST STUDIES
Archie Brown and Michael Kaser (editors) SOVIET POLICY FOR THE 1980s
S. B. Burman CHIEFDOM POLITICS AND ALIEN LAW
Renfrew Christie ELECTRICITY, INDUSTRY AND CLASS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Robert 0. Collins and Francis M. Deng (editors) THE BRITISH IN THE SUDAN,
1898-1956
Wilhelm Deist THE WEHRMACHT AND GERMAN REARMAMENT
Julius A. Elias PLATO'S DEFENCE OF POETRY
Ricardo Ffrench-Davis and Ernesto Tironi (editors) LATIN AMERICA AND THE
NEW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER
David Footman ANTONIN BESSE OF ADEN
Bohdan Harasymiw POLITICAL ELITE RECRUITMENT IN THE SOVIET
UNION
Neil Harding (editor) THE STATE IN SOCIALIST SOCIETY
Richard Holt SPORT AND SOCIETY IN MODERN FRANCE
Albert Hourani EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST
Albert Hourani THE EMERGENCE OF THE MODERN MIDDLE EAST
J. R. Jennings GEORGES SOREL
Bohdan Krawchenko SOCIAL CHANGE AND NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS
IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY UKRAINE
A. Kemp-Welch (translator) THE BIRTH OF SOLIDARITY
Paul Kennedy and Anthony Nicholls (editors) NATIONALIST AND RACIALIST
MOVEMENTS IN BRITAIN AND GERMANY BEFORE 1914
Richard Kindersley (editor) IN SEARCH OF EUROCOMMUNISM
Gisela C. Lebzelter POLITICAL ANTI-SEMITISM IN ENGLAND, 1918-1939
Nancy Lubin LABOUR AND NATIONALITY IN SOVIET CENTRAL ASIA
C. A. MacDonald THE UNITED STATES, BRITAIN AND APPEASEMENT,
1936-1939
Robert H. McNeal TSAR AND COSSACK, 1855-1914
David Nicholls HAITI IN CARIBBEAN CONTEXT
Patrick O'Brien (editor) RAILWAYS AND THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
OF WESTERN EUROPE, 1830-1914
Roger Owen (editor) STUDIES IN THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY
OF PALESTINE IN THE NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES
D. C. M. Platt and Guido di Tella (editors) ARGENTINA, AUSTRALIA AND
CANADA
Irena Powell WRITERS AND SOCIETY IN MODERN JAPAN
T. H. Rigby and Ferenc Feher (editors POLITICAL LEGITIMATION IN
COMMUNIST STATES
Marilyn Rueschemeyer PROFESSIONAL WORK AND MARRIAGE
A. J. R. Russell-Wood THE BLACK MAN IN SLAVERY AND FREEDOM IN
COLONIAL BRAZIL
Aron Shai BRITAIN AND CHINA, 1941-47
Lewis H. Siegelbaum THE POLITICS OF INDUSTRIAL MOBILIZATION IN
RUSSIA, 1914-17
David Stafford BRITAIN AND EUROPEAN RESISTANCE, 1940-1945
Nancy Stepan THE IDEA OF RACE IN SCIENCE
Marvin Swartz THE POLITICS OF BRITISH FOREIGN POLICY IN THE ERA
OF DISRAELI AND GLADSTONE
Guido di Tella ARGENTINA UNDER PERON, 1973-76
Rosemary Thorp (editor) LATIN AMERICA IN THE 1930s
Rosemary Thorp and Laurence Whitehead (editors) INFLATION AND
STABILISATION IN LA TIN AMERICA
Rudolf L. Tokes (editor) OPPOSITION IN EASTERN EUROPE
POLITICAL CULTURE
AND COMMUNIST
STUDIES
Edited by
Archie Brown
M
in association with
Palgrave Macmillan
MACMILLAN
©Archie Brown, Mary McAuley, John Miller,
David W. Paul, H. Gordon Skilling, Stephen White 1984
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission
of this publication may be made without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied
or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance
with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1956 (as amended).
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to
this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and
civil claims for damages.
First published 1984
Published by
THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS
and London
Companies and representatives
throughout the world
Typeset by
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Political culture and communist studies.
1. Communist state 2. Communist countries
-Politics and government
I. Brown, Archie, 1938-
320.9171'7 JC474
ISBN 978-0-333-38631-6 ISBN 978-1-349-17716-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-17716-5
Contents
Tables
VI
Notes on the Contributors vii
Preface
XI
1 Introduction 1
Archie Brown
2 Political Culture and Communist Politics: One Step
Forward, Two Steps Back 13
Mary McAuley
3 Political Culture: Some Perennial Questions Reopened 40
John Miller
4 Soviet Political Culture Reassessed 62
Stephen White
5 Soviet Political Culture through Soviet Eyes 100
Archie Brown
6 Czechoslovak Political Culture: Pluralism in an
International Context 115
H. Gordon Skilling
7 Czechoslovakia's Political Culture Reconsidered 134
David W. Paul
8 Conclusions 149
Archie Brown
Index 205
v
Tables
3.1 Party membership and specialist education, 1970 51
4.1 The establishment of constitutional and parliamentary
regimes 69
4.2 Extension of the franchise in selected countries 70
4.3 The development of electoral participation in selected
countries (1850--1975) 72
Notes on the Contributors
Archie Brown is a Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford, and Lecturer
in Soviet Institutions at Oxford University. After studying as an
undergraduate and graduate student at the London School of Eco
nomics (University of London), he was a Lecturer in Politics at
Glasgow University from 1964 until 1971 when he moved to Oxford.
He has been Visiting Professor of Political Science at the University of
Connecticut and at Yale University and he gave the 1980 Henry L.
Stimson Lectures at Yale. Mr Brown, who has made a number of
study-visits to the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, is a former
Convener of the Communist Politics Group of the Political Studies
Association of the U.K. He is the author of Soviet Politics and Political
Science ( 197 4) and Political Change within Communist Systems
(forthcoming) and co-editor of and contributor to The Soviet Union
since the Fall of Khrushchev (with Michael Kaser, 1975; 2nd enlarged,
edn, 1978), Political Culture and Political Change in Communist States
(with Jack Gray, 1977; 2nd edn, 1979),Authority, Power and Policy in
the USSR (with T. H. Rigby and Peter Reddaway, 1980), The
Cambridge Encyclopedia of Russia and the Soviet Union (with John
Fennell, Michael Kaser and H. T. Willetts, 1982) and Soviet Policy for
the 1980s (with Michael Kaser, 1982).
Mary McAuley is Senior Lecturer in Government at the University of
Essex. After studying at Oxford University as an undergraduate and
graduate student, she taught at Glasgow University (where she was
Assistant Editor of Soviet Studies) and York University before moving
to Essex in 1969. She has made numerous study-visits to the Soviet
Union, including an eighteen-month stay at Leningrad University. She
is a former Convener of the Communist Politics Group of the Political
Studies Association of the U.K. Dr McAuley, who has held visiting
professorships at the University of Wisconsin (1976-7) and University
of California at Berkeley (1983) is the author of Labour Disputes in
Soviet Russia 1957--65 (1969) and Politics and the Soviet Union
vii
Vlll Notes on the Contributors
(1977). She 1s currently writing a social and political history of
Leningrad.
John Miller is Senior Lecturer in Politics at La Trobe University,
Melbourne. After studying as an undergraduate at Cambridge, he
made extended cultural-exchange visits as a graduate student to
Bulgaria (1963) and the Soviet Union (1967-8) and also pursued
graduate studies at Glasgow University. From 1968 until 1972, when
he moved to his present post in Australia, he was Lecturer in the
Institute of Soviet and East European Studies at Glasgow. In 1976 and
in 1980-1 he was a visiting Senior Associate Member of St Antony's
College, Oxford. Mr Miller is the author of several major articles and
contributions to symposia and of a forthcoming monograph on the
relationship between party and society in the Soviet Union.
David W. Paul took his first degree at Carleton College, a master's
degree at Johns Hopkins, and his doctorate at Princeton before
moving to the University of Washington at Seattle as an Assistant
Professor of Political Science. He has travelled extensively in Eastern
Europe and has taken a particular interest in Czechoslovakia. Dr Paul
is the author of The Cultural Limits of Revolutionary Politics: Change
and Continuity in Socialist Czechoslovakia (1979) and Czechos
lovakia: Profile of a Socialist Republic at the Crossroads of Europe
(1981); he is also editor of Politics, Art and Commitment in the East
European Cinema (1984).
H. Gordon Skilling is Emeritus Professor of Political Science at the
University of Toronto. After taking his first degree at the University of
Toronto, Gordon Skilling studied at Oxford from 1934 until 1936 as a
Rhodes Scholar before taking his doctorate at the University of
London. He went on to teach political science at the University of
Wisconsin, at Dartmouth College and, from 1959, at the University of
Toronto. From 1963 until 1975 Professor Skilling was Director of the
Centre for Russian and East European Studies at Toronto. He has
been a Senior Fellow and later Visiting Professor at the Russian
Institute of Columbia University in New York and a Visiting Fellow of
St Antony's College, Oxford. In 1982 he was awarded an honorary
doctorate of law by the University of Toronto and he is a Fellow of the
Royal Society of Canada. Professor Skilling has been a pioneer in the
study of comparative communism and the foremost specialist on
Czechoslovakia among Western political scientists. A frequent travel-
Notes on the Contributors ix
ler to Eastern Europe, he first visited Czechoslovakia in 1937 and most
recently in 1984. His publications include the following books:
Communism National and International (1964), The Governments of
Communist East Europe (1966), Interest Groups in Soviet Politics
(co-editor with Franklyn Griffiths, 1971 ), The Czech Renascence oft he
Nineteenth Century (co-editor with Peter Brock, 1970), Czechos
lovakia's Interrupted Revolution (1976) and Charter 77 and Human
Rights in Czechoslovakia (1981).
Stephen White is Lecturer in Politics at Glasgow University and is
currently the Convener of the Communist Politics Group of the
Political Studies Association of the UK. After graduating from Trinity
College, Dublin, in 1968, he was a post-graduate student at the
Institute of Soviet and East European Studies of Glasgow University,
where he took his doctorate. Immediately before taking up his
Lectureship at Glasgow in 1971, he spent an academic year in Moscow
University on a cultural exchange studentship and he has subsequently
been a frequent visitor to the Soviet Union. His publications include
Political Culture and Soviet Politics ( 1979), Britain and the Bolshevik
Revolution (1980), Communist Legislatures in Comparative Perspec
tive (co-editor with Daniel Nelson, 1982), Communist Political
Systems (co-author with John Gardner and George Schopflin, 1982)
and The Party Rules of the Communist World (co-editor with William
B. Simons, 1984).