Political Aspirations and Perils of Security PDF
Preview Political Aspirations and Perils of Security
New Security Challenges Series General Editor: Stuart Croft, Professor of International Security in the Department of Politics and International Studies at the University of Warwick, UK, and Director of the ESRC’s New Security Challenges Programme. The last decade demonstrated that threats to security vary greatly in their causes and mani- festations, and that they invite interest and demand responses from the social sciences, civil society and a very broad policy community. In the past, the avoidance of war was the pri- mary objective, but with the end of the Cold War the retention of military defense as the centrepiece of international security agenda became untenable. There has been, therefore, a significant shift in emphasis away from traditional approaches to security to a new agenda that talks of the softer side of security, in terms of human security, economic security and environmental security. The topical New Security Challenges Series reflects this pressing political and research agenda. Titles include: Abdul Haqq Baker EXTREMISTS IN OUR MIDST Confronting Terror Jon Coaffee, David Murakami Wood and Peter Rogers THE EVERYDAY RESILIENCE OF THE CITY How Cities Respond to Terrorism and Disaster Tom Dyson NEOCLASSICAL REALISM AND DEFENCE REFORM IN POST-COLD WAR EUROPE Håkan Edström, Janne Haaland Matlary and Magnus Petersson (editors) NATO: THE POWER OF PARTNERSHIP Håkan Edström and Dennis Gyllensporre POLITICAL ASPIRATIONS AND PERILS OF SECURITY Unpacking the Military Strategy of the United Nations Håkan Edström and Dennis Gyllensporre (editors) PURSUING STRATEGY NATO Operations from the Gulf War to Gaddafi Christopher Farrington (editor) GLOBAL CHANGE, CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE NORTHERN IRELAND PEACE PROCESS Implementing the Political Settlement Adrian Gallagher GENOCIDE AND ITS THREAT TO CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL ORDER Kevin Gillan, Jenny Pickerill and Frank Webster ANTI-WAR ACTIVISM New Media and Protest in the Information Age Andrew Hill RE-IMAGING THE WAR ON TERROR Seeing, Waiting, Travelling Andrew Hoskins and Ben O’Loughlin TELEVISION AND TERROR Conflicting Times and the Crisis of News Discourse Paul Jackson and Peter Albrecht RECONSTRUCTION SECURITY AFTER CONFLICT Security Sector Reform in Sierra Leone Bryan Mabee THE GLOBALIZATION OF SECURITY State Power, Security Provision and Legitimacy Janne Haaland Mailary EUROPEAN UNION SECURITY DYNAMICS Michael Pugh, Neil Cooper and Mandy Turner (editors) WHOSE PEACE? CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF PEACEBUILDING Brian Rappert and Chandré Gould (editors) BIOSECURITY Origins, Transformations and Practices Brain Rappert BIOTECHNOLOGY, SECURITY AND THE SEARCH FOR LIMITS An Inquiry into Research and Methods Brain Rappert (editor) TECHNOLOGY AND SECURITY Governing Threats in the New Millennium Nathan Roger IMAGE WARFARE IN THE WAR ON TERROR Ali Tekin and Paul Andrew Williams GEO-POLITICS OF THE EURO-ASIA ENERGY NEXUS The European Union, Russia and Turkey Lisa Watanabe SECURING EUROPE Mark Webber, James Sperling and Martin A. Smith NATO’s POST-COLD WAR TRAJECTORY Decline or Regeneration? New Security Challenges Series Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0–230–00261–6 (hardback) and ISBN 978–0–230–00217–3 (paperback) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a stand- ing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of diffi culty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Political Aspirations and Perils of Security Unpacking the Military Strategy of the United Nations Håkan Edström Swedish National Defence College, Stockholm and Dennis Gyllensporre Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Sweden Håkan Edström and Dennis Gyllensporre © 2013 The views and opinions expressed in this book are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any agency of the Swedish government. All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978–1–137–00871–8 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne Contents List of Figures and Tables vi About the Authors vii Acknowledgments viii List of Abbreviations ix 1 I s there Utility in Applying Military Strategy in UN Missions? 1 2 The Evolution of UN Peace Operations 16 3 Mission in Southern Europe—UNFICYP 52 4 Mission in the Middle East—UNDOF 64 5 Mission in the Middle East—UNIFIL 70 6 Mission in Northern Africa—MINURSO 86 7 Mission in Central Africa—MONUC/MONUSCO 102 8 Mission in Western Africa—UNMIL 124 9 Mission in Western Africa—UNOCI 138 10 Mission in the Caribbean—MINUSTAH 155 11 Mission in Eastern Africa—UNMIS/UNMISS 168 12 Mission in Eastern Africa—UNAMID 183 13 Linking Political Goals with Military Objectives 195 Notes 214 Sources 230 Index 256 v List of Figures and Tables Figures 1.1 The model for analysis—Horizontal balance and vertical harmonization 11 1.2 Interdependent balancing 12 1.3 Hierarchical balancing 12 1.4 Sequential balancing 13 1.5 The ENDS dynamic 13 1.6 The strategic interaction 14 Tables 2.1 Military operations conducted by the UN after the end of the Cold War 22 3.1 The military strategy of UNFICYP 63 4.1 The military strategy of UNDOF 69 5.1 The military strategy of UNIFIL 85 6.1 The military strategy of MINURSO 101 7.1 The military strategy of MONUC/MONUSCO 123 8.1 The military strategy of UNMIL 137 9.1 The military strategy of UNOCI 154 10.1 The military strategy of MINUSTAH 167 11.1 The military strategy of UNMIS/UNMISS 181 12.1 The military strategy of UNAMID 194 13.1 The military strategy of UN force operations 206 13.2 The ongoing UN force operations 206 vi About the Authors Håkan Edström is lecturer and researcher at the Department of Strategic Studies, Swedish National Defence College. Prior to his current position he was lecturer and researcher at the Norwegian Defence University College. He has affiliations as Senior Researcher at the University of Maastricht and as Associate Research Fellow at the Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies and at the Department for Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University. His research focuses on military strat- egy. Lieutenant Colonel Edström has served with the UN forces in the Middle East. Dennis Gyllensporre is Associate Research Fellow at the Department for Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University. A Major General in the Swedish Armed Forces, he is Head of the Plans and Policy Department, Swedish Armed Forces HQ. Earlier assignments include Chief of Staff in Regional Command North, ISAF; Operations Officer at Multinational Division North, SFOR; Branch Chief for Concepts and Doctrine at EU Military Staff and Chief Operations Officer at Joint Military Commission Sudan. He is Associate Fellow at the University of Maastricht and at the Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies. He is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Studies and the Swedish Delegation for Research in Military History. His research focuses on military strategy. vii Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Julia Willan at Palgrave Macmillan for her gentle guidance and support throughout the project. Jules’ pro- fessionalism is exceptional. We are privileged to have such a brilliant publisher. We are indebted to Colonel Anders Svensson and Ms Raquel Ortigueira at the Permanent Mission of Sweden to the United Nations for their efforts helping us throughout the project. We would like to express our gratitude to Ms Linda Nordin Thorslund, Secretary General of the Swedish UN Association, and to Ms Ann Bernes, Professor Birger Heldt and Ms Annika Hilding-Norberg at Folke Bernadotte Academy (International Forum for the Challenges of Peace Operations) for their encouragement and insights. In addition we would like to thank Professor Severine Autesserre and the other participants of International Studies Association’s (ISA) panel on peacekeeping, peace-building and humanitarian intervention at the ISA-conference in San Diego 4 April 2012 for their valuable comments on the draft of the two initial chapters of this book. We would like to extend our appreciation to Colonel Ulf Siverstedt, Department for War Studies, and Colonel Jan Mörtberg and Lieutenant Colonel Stefan Borén, Department for Strategic Studies, at the Swedish National Defence College, for their support and decision to approve part of the funding of this project. Finally we would like to express our gratitude to Colonel (ret.) Lennart B:son Uller whose intellectual brilliance and strategic awareness inspired us to study not only tactics and technology but also, among others, Clausewitz and Liddell Hart. This book is dedicated to him. Håkan Edström and Dennis Gyllensporre, Stockholm viii List of Abbreviations AMIS AU Mission in Sudan AMISOM AU Mission in Somalia AU African Union BINUB UN Integrated Office in Burundi C34 UN Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations CAR Central African Republic CARICOM Caribbean Community CCA Comprehensive Ceasefire Agreement CEN-SAD Community of Sahelo-Saharan States CONOPS Concept of Operations CoS Chief of Staff CPA Comprehensive Peace Agreement DDR Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration DDRR D isarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration and Repatriation DFS UN Department of Field Services DPA Darfur Peace Agreement DPKO UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations DPSCA UN Department for Political and Security Council Affairs DR Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo ECOFORCE ECOWAS Peace Force for Côte d’Ivoire ECOMIL ECOWAS Mission in Liberia ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EU European Union FANCI National Armed Forces of Côte d’Ivoire FARDC Armed Forces of DR Congo FDLR Forces Démocratiques de la Libération du Rwanda FOMUC Central African Economic and Monetary Community ix
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