Political and Economic Foundations in Global Studies PDF
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Political and Economic Foundations in Global Studies Political and Economic Foundations in Global Studies provides an innovative introductory examination of the global forces shaping the world today, seen through political and economic lenses. Along with its companion, Social and Cultural Foundations in Global Studies, the book exposes students to the historical contours of, and the key concepts and processes that underlie, the interconnections among individuals, societies, organizations, and governments. As in the rest of Routledge’s Global Studies series, the Foundations books employ a two- part strategy: conceptual underpinnings explored in the first part are enlivened by case studies in the second. Special features magnify the utility of the text: • Text boxes are employed to expand and emphasize specific material: they are used to open up the coverage to related topics or to call attention to especially critical material, such as historical milestones or key vocabulary. • Resource boxes offer links that point readers to sources—mostly online—on the topics discussed and establish a rich archive of additional material for readers to draw on. • At the same time, back-o f-chapter References and Further Research lists help students to trace the material used by authors or to follow more general leads relating to the topics covered in the chapters. • Images highlight specific details of the case studies, helping to bring the subjects alive. Michael R. Anderson is an Associate Professor of Instruction and Director of the International Relations and Global Studies program at the University of Texas at Austin. His research inter- ests focus on trans-P acific intellectual networks and diplomacy in the twentieth century. He also serves as Associate Editor of the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of the History of Amer ican Foreign Policy, and he is a board member of the Austin chapter of the United Nations Association–USA. Stephanie S. Holmsten is an Assistant Professor of Instruction in the International Relations and Global Studies program at the University of Texas at Austin. Her research focuses on the election of women and ethnic minorities around the world. Her recent work appears in Com parative Political Studies. She is also interested in innovative teaching methods, particularly team-b ased learning, which earned her the 2017 Harry Ransom Award for Teaching Excellence. Foundations in Global Studies Series Editor: Valerie Tomaselli, MTM Publishing Recent Books in the Series Political and Economic Foundations in Global Studies Editors: Michael R. Anderson and Stephanie S. Holmsten Environment and Sustainability in a Globalizing World Editor: Andrea Nightingale, Swedish University for Agricultural Sciences Latin America in the World: An Introduction Editors: Daniel J. Greenberg and Antonia GarciaR odriguez, Pace University Social and Cultural Foundations in Global Studies Authors: Eve Stoddard and John Collins, St. Lawrence University East Asia in the World: An Introduction Editor: Anne Prescott, Five College Center for East Asian Studies at Smith College The Middle East in the World: An Introduction Editor: Lucia Volk, San Francisco State University South Asia in the World: An Introduction Editor: Susan Snow Wadley, Syracuse University Political and Economic Foundations in Global Studies Edited by Michael R. Anderson and Stephanie S. Holmsten First published 2019 by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2019 Selection and editorial matter, Michael R. Anderson and Stephanie S. Holmsten; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Michael R. Anderson and Stephanie S. Holmsten to be identified as the authors of the editorial matter, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Catalogingi nPublication Data Names: Anderson, Michael R., editor. | Holmsten, Stephanie S., editor. Title: Political and economic foundations in global studies / edited by Michael R. Anderson and Stephanie S. Holmsten. Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Foundations in global studies | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018056642 (print) | LCCN 2019005056 (ebook) | ISBN 9781315717333 (E-book) | ISBN 9780765644220 (hbk) | ISBN 9780765644237 (pbk) | ISBN 9781315717333 (ebk) Subjects: LCSH: Globalization–Political aspects. | Globalization–Economic aspects. | World politics–21st century. | International economic relations. Classification: LCC JZ1318 (ebook) | LCC JZ1318 .P638 2019 (print) | DDC 327–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018056642 ISBN: 978-0-765-64422-0 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-765-64423-7 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-71733-3 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear Contents List of Illustrations vii Notes on Contributors viii About This Book and Series ix Part One: Background, Theories, and Contexts 1 1. What Is Global Studies? A Political and Economic Perspective 3 MIcHAEL R. ANDERSoN AND STEPHANIE S. HoLMSTEN 2. Historical Foundations 15 MIcHAEL R. ANDERSoN 3. U.S. Globalism and the Present World order 27 MIcHAEL R. ANDERSoN 4. Key concepts and Processes: Empire and Imperialism 41 MIcHAEL R. ANDERSoN 5. Key Concepts and Processes: Development 50 STEPHANIE S. HoLMSTEN 6. Key concepts and Processes: Security 67 MIcHAEL R. ANDERSoN AND STEPHANIE S. HoLMSTEN 7. Key concepts and Processes: Sustainability 83 STEPHANIE S. HoLMSTEN 8. Key concepts and Processes: Governance 97 STEPHANIE S. HoLMSTEN vi coNTENTS Part Two: Case Studies 115 9. Introduction to the case Studies 117 MIcHAEL R. ANDERSoN 10. Regional and Global Impacts of Post-G addafi Libya 120 BRANDoN GENTRy 11. The Anti- Apartheid Movement in the Western World: Segregation, Revolution, and the creation of a Global civil Society 133 R. JoSEPH PARRoTT 12. The Treaty of Waitangi and the Waitangi Tribunal: Globalization and Decolonization in New Zealand 144 SEAN KILLEN 13. The causes and consequences of International Migration: The View from Europe 154 JoHN D. GRAEBER 14. Patterns of Fear: Hegemony, Globalization, and the U.S.–Japan Trade conflict, 1971–1996 170 JoHN TAyLoR VURPILLAT 15. Globalization and Transnational capitalism 183 JERRy HARRIS 16. When Weak States Win: Providing opportunities at the WTo 193 STEPHANIE S. HoLMSTEN 17. Conclusion to the Case Studies 207 MIcHAEL R. ANDERSoN Index 209 Illustrations Figures 10.1 Rally in Benghazi in Support of the Protests in Libya in February 2011 121 10.2 Map of the Sahel and Northern Africa 127 11.1 ANc Leader oliver Tambo Meets with Prime Minister Dries van Agt of the Netherlands 136 12.1 The ceremonial Meeting House on the Grounds commemorating the centenary of the Signing of the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi 145 13.1 Refugees from the Wars in Syria and Iraq Arriving from Turkey on the Greek Island of Lesbos in 2015 156 14.1 A Shipbuilding Factory of Mitsubishi 172 15.1 An Electronics Factory in Shenzhen, china, in 2005 188 16.1 Bales of cotton Lined up in a cotton Field in Brooks county, Georgia 197 Tables 15.1 Selected Auto corporations (TNI), 2004–2016 185 15.2 Apple’s Global Supply chain: Where the iPhone is Made (as of 2014) 186 16.1 Dispute cases by Region (January 1995–2018) 202 16.2 Dispute cases by Income Level (January 1995–2018) 202 16.3 Disputes Initiated by Developing countries as of May 2015 203 Contributors Editors and authors Michael R. Anderson (editor and author) is an associate professor of instruction and Director of the International Relations and Global Studies program at the University of Texas at Austin. His research interests focus on trans-P acific intellectual networks and diplomacy in the twentieth century. He also serves as Associate Editor of the Oxford Research Encyclope dia of the History of Amer ican Foreign Policy, and he is a board member of the Austin chapter of the United Nations Association–USA. Stephanie S. Holmsten (editor and author) is an assistant professor of instruction in the Inter- national Relations and Global Studies program at the University of Texas at Austin. Her research focuses on the election of women and ethnic minorities around the world. Her recent work appears in Comparative Political Studies. She is also interested in innovative teaching methods, particularly team-b ased learning, which earned her the 2017 Harry Ransom Award for Teaching Excellence. Contributors Brandon Gentry has served as an international relations and security analyst specializing in Middle East affairs, with over a decade of experience in the public and private sectors. John D. Graeber is an assistant professor of political science at High Point University in North carolina. His research focuses on the politics of immigration and citizenship in Europe and he has published in the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. Jerry Harris serves as National Secretary of the Global Studies Association of North America and on the board of Taylor & Francis’s journal Globalizations. He is author, among other works, of The Dialectics of Globalization: Economic and Political Conflict in a Trans national World (cambridge Scholars, 2008). His most recent book Global Capitalism and the Crisis of Democracy was published by clarity Press in 2016. Sean Killen is a PhD candidate in the Department of History, University of Texas at Austin. His research interests focus on South Asian intellectual and legal networks and their connections to British imperialism and international organizations in the early and mid-t wentieth century. R. Joseph Parrott is an assistant professor in the Department of History at ohio State Univer- sity. His work focuses on Amer ican diplomatic history and European decolonization, espe- cially in Africa. His article “A Luta continua: Radical Filmmaking, Pan-A frican Liberation, and Communal Empowerment” was published in Race and Class. John Taylor Vurpillat is an adjunct faculty member at central Texas college. His research interests focus on diplomatic relations related to international monetary policy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. About This Book and Series Political and Economic Foundations in Global Studies provides an innovative introductory examination of the global forces shaping the world today, seen particularly through political and economic lenses. Along with its companion, Social and Cultural Foundations in Global Studies, the book is meant to expose students to the historical contours of, and the key concepts and processes that underlie, the interconnections among individuals, societies, organizations, and governments. As in the rest of Routledge’s Global Studies series, the Foundations books employ a straightforward two- part strategy: conceptual and theoretical underpinnings explored in the first part are enlivened by case studies in the second part. The rationale is simple: explore theory and then see it in action. Outline of the Book Part one: Background, Theories, and contexts opens with an investigation of the political and economic perspectives in global studies, exploring it as an interdisciplinary mode of inquiry, employing methodologies from history, economics, political science, sociology, anthropology, and geography, along with regional area studies. It also describes the layers of analysis—that of the nation-s tate, international organizations, and individuals—as the core objects of study targeted by global studies scholars. This introductory chapter is followed by an exploration of the roots of today’s global political and economic order, particularly as it relates to the alloca- tion of power and resources. chapter 3 brings the narrative up to date, investigating the con- temporary context, with a particular focus on the critical role of the United States in shaping the ideas and institutions associated with today’s political and economic climate. Part One of this volume concludes with five chapters on concepts and processes that are critical in under- standing the political and economic context of global studies—empire and imperialism; devel- opment; security; sustainability; and governance. Throughout Part one, the intertwining among disciplines is emphasized, as is the fact that the political and economic perspectives used to explore global phenomena cannot be com- pletely disconnected from social and cultural lenses—a caution also noted in the companion volume. In fact, the factors determining social and cultural relations influence the distribution and allocation of political and economic strength in ways hard to disentangle—and vice versa. The case studies in Part Two also explore this interweaving. Just as they illustrate the con- ceptual underpinnings covered in Part one, they reflect the multidisciplinary approach that characterizes global studies and illustrate how wide is the range of political and economic phe- nomena to which these methodologies can be applied. The list of case studies, all high- interest topics that resonate with today’s readers, includes such subjects as the international context of the anti-a partheid movement in South Africa; how the position of the Māori in contemporary New Zealand has helped, among other things, to shape contemporary ideas about human rights and the rights of indigenous peoples; and the transnational outflow of immigrants from North
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