Policy Support for Agroforestry in the European - INRA Montpellier

26 Pages·2004·5.71 MB·English

Policy Support for Agroforestry in the
European Union
Gerry Lawson1,2 (UK)
P.Burgess1,2 (England), R. Crowe1 (N.Ireland), F. Herzog2
(Switzerland), K.Mantzanas2 (Greece), M.Mayus2
(Netherlands), G.Moreno2 (Spain), J.McAdam1 (N.Ireland),
S.Newman1 (England), A.Pisanelli2 (Italy), F.Schuman2
(Germany), A.Sibbald1 (Scotland), F.Sinclair1 (Wales), T.H.
Thomas1 (Wales) & A. Waterhouse1 (Scotland)
FFaarrmm WWooooddllaanndd FFoorruumm11 SSAAFFEE PPrroojjeecctt22
World Agroforestry Congress
Orlando, Florida, June 04
Spain
Dehesa (Montados in Portugal) are the
largest agro-silvo-pastoral system in
Europe, located in Spain and Portugal,
and covering about 3 million hectares of
widely spaced oak trees mixed with
pastures or intercropped with fodder or
cereals.
Spain – livestock production in dehesa
DDiiffffeerreenntt ttyyppeess ooff aanniimmaall uussee tthhee ffooddddeerr aanndd sshhaaddee
Spain - dehesas
AAllssoo uusseedd ffoorr
ffiirreewwoooodd,, ccoorrkk,,
aaccoorrnnss,, hhuunnttiinngg,,
mmuusshhrroooommss aanndd
ttrreeee--ffooddddeerr
Spain - dehesas
PPlloouugghheedd pprreevviioouuss yyeeaarr
HHaarrvveesstteedd iinn MMaarrcchh
TThheenn kkeepptt ffaallllooww ffoorr sseevveerraall yyeeaarrss
UK – poplar intercropping
• Until 1989 Bryant & May,
maintained its own poplar
plantations and would
contract farmers to grow
poplars for matches
production.
• Cereals were intercropped
amongst the trees,
sometimes in alternate
strips.
• Poplar or aspen logs are
now imported from
Canada
UK - forest grazing & shelterbelts
• Natural or planted woodland is a
crucial source of shelter. An ‘early
bite’ of grass is provided in Spring
in woodlands and in the the lea of
shelterbelts.
• In sunnier areas open
woodland is a crucial source
of fodder or protection for
the animals from heat stress.
UK – silvoarable trials.
• A silvoarable trial was
established with identical
management at three sites.
Crop yields did not decline for
8 years.
• Cuttings were established into
plastic mulch with good weed
control. Regular ploughing
means that large roots have
developed along tree lines.
Italy – traditional poplar
• Intercropping of vegetables
with poplar has long been
a tradition in Italy,
particularly in the Po
Valley.
• It is much less common
and less intensive than
previously
• Traditionally the 3-4m
long ‘truncheons’ were
inserted directly into a
sown crop after soaking for
at least 2 weeks to ensure
sprouting of roots.
• Rotation length might be
10-12 years.
Italy – traditional poplar
• Specialised machinery was
used for planting ‘truncheons’
• And for spraying against pests.
• Less specialised machinery was
used for the loading of timber
lorries.