Policy-Making in EU Security and Defense: An Institutional Perspective PDF
Preview Policy-Making in EU Security and Defense: An Institutional Perspective
Policy-Making in EU Security and Defense European Administrative Governance Series Series Editors: Thomas Christiansen, Professor of European Institutional Politics, Department of Political Science, Maastricht University, The Netherlands Sophie Vanhoonacker, Professor of Administrative Governance, Department of Political Science, Maastricht University, The Netherlands. The series maps the range of disciplines addressing the study of European public administration. In particular, contributions to the series will engage with the role and nature of the evolving bureaucratic processes of the European Union, includ- ing the study of the EU’s civil service, of organization aspects of individual insti- tutions such as the European Commission, the Council of Ministers, the External Action Service, the European Parliament, the European Court and the European Central Bank and of inter-institutional relations among these and other actors. The series also welcomes contributions on the growing role of EU agencies, networks of technical experts and national officials, and of the administrative dimension of multilevel governance including international organizations. Of particular interest in this respect will be the emergence of a European diplo- matic service and the management of the EU’s expanding commercial, foreign, development, security and defence policies, as well as the role of institutions in a range of other policy areas of the Union. Beyond this strong focus of EU administrative governance, the series will also include texts on the development and practice of administrative governance within European states. This may include contributions to the administrative history of Europe, which is not just about rules and regulations governing bureaucracies, or about formal criteria for measuring the growth of bureaucra- cies, but rather about the concrete workings of public administration, both in its executive functions as in its involvement in policy-making. Furthermore the series will include studies on the interaction between the national and European level, with particular attention for the impact of the EU on domestic administrative systems. European Administrative Governance Series Series standing order ISBN 978–1137–29475–3 (paperback) and 978–0230–35976–5 (cased) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a stand- ing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of diffi culty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBNs quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Policy-Making in EU Security and Defense An Institutional Perspective Hylke Dijkstra University of Oxford © Hylke Dijkstra 2013 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-35786-1 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-47090-7 ISBN 978-1-137-35787-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137357878 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Contents List of Tables and Figures vi Acknowledgements vii List of Abbreviations ix 1 Introduction 1 2 Delegation and Agency in International Relations 20 3 Institutional Development in EU Security and Defense 46 4 Policy-Making in EU Security and Defense 78 5 Military Operation in Bosnia 100 6 Monitoring Mission in Aceh 124 7 Military Operation in Chad 145 8 Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo 167 9 Conclusion 190 Notes 205 References 208 Index 223 v List of Tables and Figures Tables 1.1 Indicators of influence of EU officials 15 4.1 Overview of the planning documents 83 5.1 Chronology of Operation Althea 104 5.2 Influence of EU officials in Operation Althea 123 6.1 Chronology of the AMM 128 6.2 Commission’s accompanying measures for AMM 139 6.3 Influence of EU officials in the AMM 143 7.1 Chronology of EUFOR Tchad/RCA 149 7.2 Commission’s accompanying measures for 162 EUFOR Tchad/RCA 7.3 Influence of EU officials in EUFOR Tchad/RCA 166 8.1 Chronology of EULEX Kosovo 171 8.2 Projects under the Instrument for Pre-Accession 186 8.3 Influence of EU officials in EULEX Kosovo 189 9.1 Influence of EU officials in the CSDP 196 Figure 4.1 Organizational chart of the EEAS 81 vi Acknowledgements One of the most enjoyable things about life in academia is without doubt the exchange of ideas and collaboration with others. This social dimen- sion of research has not only made my life more durable while writing this book, it has also significantly improved my thinking about the Common Security and Defence Policy. This is my turn to acknowledge all support. It is always tricky to single out individuals, but I think it is fair to say that I owe – like many others – most gratitude to Sophie Vanhoonacker. Our relations date back to 2004, and two years later we started collaborating on a small research project dealing with an obscure body in the European Union called the General Secretariat of the Council. That this would be the start of this book and a career in academia I did not realize then. Equally, I need to thank Tannelie Blom, who was always ready and available for intellectual debate. My book is, however, not completely a Maastricht product. The foun- dations were laid at the University of Cambridge. Christopher Hill’s continual support was important in this respect. Moreover, whenever my views became a bit intergovernmental, Geoffrey Edwards was there to set me straight. I also spent a month at Stockholm University. Jonas Tallberg and his colleagues were most generous in hosting me. The final revisions were made at the University of Oxford, where I am currently an EU Marie Curie fellow. The University and Nuffield College continue to inspire. I want to mention furthermore Bram Akkermans, Patrick Bijsmans, Thomas Christiansen, Thomas Conzelmann, Christine Neuhold, Gergana Noutcheva, Petar Petrov, Karolina Pomorska, Paul Stephenson, Esther Versluis, and Maarten Vink at Maastricht University. With so much EU expertise within one department, there is hardly any need to look elsewhere. In addition, I have greatly benefited from my discus- sions with David Allen, Doreen Allerkamp, Derek Beach, Sven Biscop, Gijs Jan Brandsma, Tom Casier, Mai’a Cross, Simon Duke, An Jacobs, Ana Juncos, Stephan Keukeleire, Nadia Klein, Alexander Mattelaer, Benjamin Pohl, Michael H. Smith, and Wolfgang Wagner. Credit is also due to the great many interviewees who kindly took their time to receive me and patiently answered my undoubtedly ignorant questions. I recall in particular a very senior EU official, who invited me to his private home on a Saturday morning to spend four hours vii viii Acknowledgements explaining to me the details of EU foreign policy. This was a rewarding experience. In academic terms, it is worth noting that several journal articles have served as stepping stones for this book. These articles ben- efit from countless referees’ reports and suggestions by editors. Similarly, in preparing this manuscript, I have had the pleasure of working with Amber Stone-Galilee and I cannot speak highly enough of the review process. During the final phase of writing this book, I received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under REA grant agreement No. [298081]. Finally, I need to thank my parents and sister for their continuous support. They were the first to show me Europe and they promoted a notion of internationalism along the way. The last word of thanks is for my wife, Karine, whom I met at about the same time that I started doing my very first interviews in Brussels. She has been with me since. List of Abbreviations AEI Archive of European Integration AFP Agence France-Presse AFSOUTH Allied Forces Southern Europe (NATO) AMIS African Union Mission in Sudan AMM Aceh Monitoring Mission ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations CARDS Community Assistance for Reconstruction, Development and Stabilisation CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy CIVCOM Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management CMPD Crisis Management Planning Directorate CMI Crisis Management Initiative CONOPS Concept of Operations COREPER Committee of Permanent Representatives COREU Correspondance européenne COSA Commission on Security Arrangements CPCC Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability CPCO Centre de planification et de conduite des opérations CRCT Crisis Response Coordination Team CSDP Common Security and Defence Policy CVCE Centre virtuel de la connaissance sur l’Europe DG Directorate-General DG AGRI D irectorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development DG DEVCO Directorate-General for Development and Cooperation DG E Directorate-General External Relations (Council) DG E VIII Directorate for Defence Issues DG E IX Directorate for Civilian Crisis Management ix
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