Policing in France

361 Pages·2020·6.537 MB·English

by  Jacques de Maillard, Wesley G. Skogan

Policing in France
The eminent contributors to a new collection, Policing in France, provide an
updated and realistic picture of how the French police system really works in
the21stcentury.Inmostinternationalcomparisons,Francetypifiesthe“Napo-
leonic”modelforpolicing,onefeaturingadministrativeandpoliticalcentraliza-
tion, a strong hierarchical structure, distance from local communities, and
a high priority on political policing. France has undergone a process of plural-
ization in the last 30 years. French administrative and political decentralization
has reemphasized the role of local authorities in public security policies; the
private security industry has grown significantly; and new kinds of governing
models (based on arrangements such as contracts for service provision) have
emerged. Inaddition, during thisperiod,police organizations have beendriven
toward central government control through the imposition of performance
indicators, and a top-down decision was made to integrate the national gen-
darmerieintothe Ministry of Interior.
The book addresses how police legitimacy differs across socioeconomic,
generational, territorial, and ethnic lines. An analysis of the policing of ban-
lieues (deprived neighborhoods) illustrates the convergence of contradictory
police goals, police violence, the concentration of poverty, and entrenched
opposition to the states’ representatives, and questions policing strategies
such as the use of identity checks. The collection also frames the scope of
community policing initiatives required to deal with the public’s security
needs and delves into the security challenges presented by terrorist threats
and the nuances of the relationship between policing and intelligence agen-
cies. Identifying and explaining the diverse challenges facing French police
organizations and how they have been responding to them, this book draws
upon a flourishing French-language literature in history, sociology, political
science, and law to produce this new English-language synthesis on policing
in France.
This book is a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners working
in and around French policing, as well as students of international law
enforcement.
Jacques de Maillard is Professor of Political Science at the University of
Versailles-Saint-Quentin and at Sciences Po Saint Germain en Laye, and
Director of CESDIP (a research center affiliated to the CNRS, the French
Ministry of Justice, the University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin, and the Uni-
versity of Cergy). He is a noted scholar in the area of police organization
and management, local governance of crime, police reform, and private
policing. He has conducted research in both France and the UK. He has
been a visiting scholar at several American and British universities. His
books on French policing include Polices Comparées (2017) and Sociologie de la
Police: Politiques, Organisations, Réformes (2015).
Wesley G. Skogan is Emeritus Professor of Political Science and a Faculty
Fellow of the Institute for Policy Research at Northwestern University in
the USA. His research focuses on policing, community responses to crime,
victimization, disorder, and fear of crime. He is a Fellow of the American
Society of Criminology and was a Senior Fellow of the Center for Crime,
Communities, and Culture of the Open Societies Institute. He organized
the Committee on Police Policies and Practices for the National Research
Council and served as its chairman. He is the co-author (with Kathleen
Frydl) of the committee report, Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing: The Evi-
dence. Earlier he spent two years at the National Institute of Justice as
a visiting fellow. In 2015 he received the Distinguished Achievement Award
in Evidence-Based Crime Policy from the Center for Evidence-Based Crime
Policy.
Advances in Police Theory and Practice Series
Series Editor: Dilip K. Das
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Cold Cases: Evaluation Models with Follow-Up Strategies for Investiga-
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James M. Adcock and Sarah L. Stein
Crime Linkage: Theory, Research, and Practice
Jessica Woodhams and Craig Bennell
Police Investigative Interviews and Interpreting: Context, Challenges,
and Strategies
Sedat Mulayim, Miranda Lai, and Caroline Norma
Policing White-Collar Crime: Characteristics of White-Collar Criminals
Petter Gottschalk
Honor-Based Violence: Policing and Prevention
Karl Anton Roberts, Gerry Campbell, and Glen Lloyd
Policing and the Mentally Ill: International Perspectives
Duncan Chappell
Security Governance, Policing, and Local Capacity
Jan Froestad and Clifford Shearing
Police Performance Appraisals: A Comparative Perspective
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Policing in France
Edited by Jacques de Maillard and Wesley G. Skogan

Policing in France
Edited by Jacques de Maillard and
Wesley G. Skogan
First published 2021
by Routledge
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and by Routledge
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©2021Taylor&Francis
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData
A catalog record forthis title has been requested
ISBN: 978-0-367-13523-2 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-13524-9 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-02692-8 (ebk)
Typeset inBembo
by Swales & Willis, Exeter, Devon, UK
Contents
ListofIllustrations x
ListofContributors xi
Preface xiii
SeriesEditor’sPreface xiv
1 PolicinginFrance 1
JACQUESDEMAILLARDANDWESLEYG.SKOGAN
PARTI
Historical Background 19
2 TheEvolvingOrganizationofPolicing:FromtheAncien
RégimetoDeGaulleandthePoliceNationale 21
JEAN-MARCBERLIÈREANDRENÉLÉVY
3 TheColonialLegacyofFrenchPolicing 39
EMMANUELBLANCHARD
4 TheDualFrenchPoliceSystem:Centralization,Specialization,
Competition 54
MALCOLMANDERSON
PARTII
Organizational Features and Reforms 69
5 PoliceCentralizationanditsPathologies 71
CHRISTIANMOUHANNA
viii Contents
6 Intelligence-ledPolicinginCriminalInvestigations:
ImplementingReform 86
CLÉMENTDEMAILLARD
7 SpecializationinCriminalInvestigations 100
ELODIELEMAIRE
8 OversightoftheFrenchPolice 116
CÉDRICMOREAUDEBELLAING
PARTIII
Changing Institutional and Political Context 131
9 TheExpansionofPrivatePolicinginFrance 133
FRÉDÉRICOCQUETEAU
10 ThePluralizationofLocalPolicing 147
VIRGINIEMALOCHET
11 SecurityPartnershipsinFrance 164
THIERRYDELPEUCHANDJACQUELINEE.ROSS
PARTIV
Police Problems and Strategies 185
12 PolicingtheBanlieues 187
FABIENJOBARD
13 IdentityChecksasaProfessionalRepertoire 202
FABIENJOBARDANDJACQUESDEMAILLARD
14 ASocialHistoryofProtestPolicinginFrance 219
AURÉLIENRESTELLI
15 DomesticIntelligenceandCounterterrorisminFrance 234
LAURENTBONELLI
16 BorderPolicinginFrance 253
SARACASELLACOLOMBEAU
Contents ix
17 PoliceandthePublicinFrance 269
SEBASTIANROCHÉ
18 CommunityPolicingInitiativesinFrance 294
JACQUESDEMAILLARDANDMATHIEUZAGRODZKI
19 PolicingandGenderinFrance 310
MATHILDEDARLEYANDJÉRÉMIEGAUTHIER
20 ThePoliceandSexualViolence 326
OCÉANEPERONA
Index 342