Police performance appraisals : a comparative perspective PDF
Preview Police performance appraisals : a comparative perspective
FORENSICS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE G u Advances in Police Theory and Practice Series l | O ’C o Police n n Police Performance Appraisals e ll Performance Appraisals A Comparative Perspective A Comparative Perspective Police performance appraisal is one of the most important components of law enforcement management—affecting the quality of the services a department delivers as well as the satisfaction of its employees. Therefore, it is crucial that the performance appraisal process is conducted in P o an effective and equitable manner. Police Performance Appraisals: A Comparative Perspective l i employs the comparative case study approach to evaluate systems in police departments in c e two diverse locales—Ankara, Turkey and Toledo, Ohio. The study seeks to determine whether P there are any common trends or obvious similarities that transcend national and cultural e boundaries. From this information, best practices can be identified to improve the system of any r f o police organization. r m The data from the survey raises a host of issues essential to police management. Are traditional or a n modern appraisal systems more preferable to police personnel? Are field and command officers’ c perceptions of the performance evaluation instruments in their departments similar or do they e differ from those of their subordinates? Asking these and other critical questions, the authors also A examine the relationship between the officer’s perception of the appraisal system and his or her p p rank, taking into account level of education, gender, age, and years of service. r a i s Employing both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, this study yields important findings a and valuable insights for police organizations as to which characteristics an appraisal process ls should have for the best quality system. Lessons learned from this study should provide guidance to future efforts to design better appraisal systems and may also contribute to heightened focus on nationwide assessments of evaluation practices and standards for police organizations. Serdar Kenan Gul and Paul E. O’Connell K11803 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 711 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 an informa business 2 Park Square, Milton Park www.taylorandfrancisgroup.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK www.crcpress.com K11803_cover.indd 1 8/12/12 1:44 PM Police Performance Appraisals A Comparative Perspective Advances in Police Theory and Practice Series Series Editor: Dilip K. 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O’Connell Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20120518 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-3947-8 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents SerieS Preface ix foreword by MehMet Kiliclar xiii foreword by todd wurSchMidt xv about the authorS xix chaPter 1 why aPPraiSe PerforMance? 1 A New Era of Policing 3 The Need for Individual Performance Appraisal 6 Theoretical Background 12 Purpose of the Book 18 Organization of the Book 19 References 20 chaPter 2 aPPraiSing the PerforMance of Police officerS 25 Introduction 25 Definition of the Performance Appraisal 25 History of the Performance Appraisal 26 Purpose of the Performance Appraisal 27 Performance Appraisal Methods 29 Personal Characteristics Based 29 Behaviorally Based 30 Goal Based 34 Various Sources of Appraisal 35 Supervisory Appraisal 35 Peer Appraisal 37 Self-Appraisal 38 v vi Contents Subordinate Appraisal 39 Multisource Appraisal 39 Frequency of the Performance Appraisal 41 Known Problems Associated With Employee Performance Appraisal 42 Halo Effect 42 Primacy and Recency Effects 43 Central Tendency 44 Conclusion 45 References 45 chaPter 3 deSigning and uSing an effective Police PerforMance aPPraiSal SySteM 51 Introduction 51 Elements of an Effective Performance Appraisal System 52 Core Competencies of a Police Officer 60 Evaluation of Supervisors and Officers Assigned to “Special” Units 63 Field Training 65 The Postevaluation Meeting 67 Legal Issues Related to Performance Appraisal 69 Conclusion 75 References 76 chaPter 4 coMParative Study of the PerforMance aPPraiSal SySteMS in anKara and toledo Police dePartMentS 81 Introduction 81 Turkish National Police (TNP) Organization 82 Performance Appraisal System in Ankara Police Department 86 Police Organization in the United States 87 Performance Appraisal System in Toledo Police Department 89 Comparison and Conclusion 92 References 97 chaPter 5 Police attitudeS toward PerforMance aPPraiSal SySteMS: a Survey of anKara and toledo Police dePartMentS 99 Introduction 99 Perception of the Performance Appraisal System 99 Methodology 101 Questionnaire 101 Data Collection 102 Ankara PD 102 Toledo PD 103 Null Hypotheses 105 Analysis 105 Factor Analysis 105 Contents vii Regression Analysis 108 Dependent Variables 108 Perceived Objectivity of the Appraisal System 108 Perceived Effectiveness of the Appraisal System 109 Independent Variable 109 Police Department 109 Rank 110 Education 110 Control Variables 111 Years of Service 111 Age 111 Gender 112 Findings 112 Demographic Characteristics of the Survey Respondents in Ankara PD 112 Demographic Characteristics of the Survey Respondents in Toledo PD 114 Reactions to the Objectivity (Fairness) of the Appraisal System 114 Reactions to the Effectiveness (Utility) of the Appraisal System 119 Respondents’ Attitudes on the Nature of Appraisal 121 Respondents’ Attitudes on the Sources of the Appraisal 122 Respondents’ Attitudes on the Frequency of the Appraisal 122 Respondents’ Attitudes on the Basis of the Appraisal 123 References 124 chaPter 6 concluSionS 127 Summary of the Research 128 Recommendations for Future Research 136 Conclusion 137 References 138 aPPendix a: Survey inStruMent 141 aPPendix b: deScriPtive StatiSticS of the variableS 145 aPPendix c: correlation Matrix for all the variableS 147 a call for authorS Series Preface While the literature on police and allied subjects is growing expo- nentially its impact upon day-to-day policing remains small. The two worlds of research and practice of policing remain disconnected even though cooperation between the two is growing. A major reason is that the two groups speak in different languages. The research work is published in hard-to-access journals and presented in a manner that is difficult to comprehend for a layperson. On the other hand the police practitioners tend not to mix with researchers and remain secretive about their work. Consequently, there is little dialogue between the two and almost no attempt to learn from one another. Dialogue across the globe, amongst researchers and practitioners situated in different continents, is of course even more limited. I attempted to address this problem by starting the IPES, www. ipes.info, where a common platform has brought the two together. IPES is now in its 15th year. The annual meetings that constitute most major annual events of the organization have been hosted in all parts of the world. Several publications have come out of these deliberations and a new collaborative community of scholars and police officers has been created whose membership runs into several hundreds. Another attempt was to begin a new journal, aptly called Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, PPR, that has opened the gate to practitioners to share their work and experiences. The ix
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