POLARISING JAVANESE SOCIETY Islamic and Other Visions c. 1830–1930 PDF
Preview POLARISING JAVANESE SOCIETY Islamic and Other Visions c. 1830–1930
POLARISING JAVANESE SOCIETY 0 400 800 1000 km The Indonesian Archipelago POLARISING JAVANESE SOCIETY Islamic and Other Visions c. 1830–1930 M.C. Ricklefs NUS PRESS SINGAPORE © 2007 NUS Press National University of Singapore AS3-01-02, 3 Arts Link Singapore 117569 Fax: (65) 6774-0652 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.nus.edu.sg/npu ISBN 978-9971-69-359-6 (Case) 978-9971-69-346-6 (Paper) All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. Typeset by: Scientifik Graphics Printed by: Mainland Press Pte Ltd For Margaret 0 20 40 60 80 100 km Java: Western portion Contents Illustrations viii Maps ix Tables x Abbreviations xi Transcription and Orthography xiv Preface xv Chapter 1: The Javanese Islamic Legacy to c.1830: The Mystic Synthesis 1 Chapter 2: Javanese Society’s Nineteenth-century Colonial Context 12 Chapter 3: The Diverging Worlds of Pious Islam 30 Chapter 4: The Birth of the Abangan 84 Chapter 5: Javanese Christian Communities 105 Chapter 6: The Elite’s New Horizons 126 Chapter 7: Anti-Islamic Reaction: Budi and Buda 176 Chapter 8: Polarities Politicised, c.1908–30 214 Conclusions: Religion, Politics and Conflicted Societies 251 Glossary 265 Bibliography 269 Index 284 vii Illustrations Bust of Mangkunagara IV (r. 1853–81) 41 Students at a Javanese Qur’an school in the front gallery of a small prayer-house, c.1910 50 Music lesson at Xavier College, Muntilan, c.1925 121 Ganjuran Catholic church: The candhi 123 The image of Christ in the candhi (with the Javanese royal titles Sampeyan-dalˇem Maha Prabu Yesus Kristus) 123 Altar angel in wayang style 123 Puh Sarang Catholic church 124 Bramartani (10 February 1887) 131 R.M. Condranagara V (Purwaleˇlana), c.1867 145 Grave of Ronggawarsita, Palar 148 Grave of C.F. Winter Sr adjacent to that of Ronggawarsita, Palar 150 Radyapustaka museum, Surakarta 161 Mangkunagaran graves, Girilayu: Grave of Mangkunagara IV (d. 1881) 162 Grave of Mangkunagara V (d. 1896) 163 Depiction of uterus, fifteenth-century Candhi Sukuh, on which Mangkunagara V’s gravestone is modeled 163 viii Illustrations/Maps ix Kartini with her husband R. Ad. Jayaadiningrat, 1903 164 Village school in Java c.1920 216 Foundation meeting of the Sarekat Islam branch in Blitar, 1914 227 The Committee for Javanese Cultural Development, Surakarta, 1918 229 Semaun 232 Tan Khoen Swie 239 Tan Khoen Swie with Ki Mangunwijaya 240 The Bupati of Kudus, R. Panji Tg. Hadinoto, with his wife and children, 1924 256 MAPS The Indonesian Archipelago ii Java: Western portion vi Java: Eastern portion xviii TABLES 1. Hajj departures and returns from Javanese-speaking residencies, 1850–58 59 2. Hajis in Javanese residencies, 1874 64 3. Hajj departures from Javanese-speaking areas and Madura, selected years, 1884–1911 65 4. Professional religious (geestelijken) and religious students in Java, 1863–74 65 5. Religious (geestelijken) and religious students in Javanese-speaking residencies, 1872 66 6. Religious (geestelijken) 1872: number of hajis 1874, in Javanese-speaking residences 67 7. Islamic religious schools and students in Java and Madura, 1882–93 70 8. Hajj departures from Javanese-speaking areas and Madura, selected years, 1912–30 214 x
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