Poetics of the Incarnation The Middle Ages series ruth Mazo Karras, series editor edward Peters, Founding editor A complete list of books in the series is available from the publisher. Poetics of the Incarnation Middle English Writing and the Leap of Love Cristina Maria Cervone University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia Copyright © 2012 University of Pennsylvania Press All rights reserved. except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher. Published by University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104–4112 www.upenn.edu/pennpress Printed in the United states of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data isBN 978–0–8122–4451–9 Cervone, Cristina Maria. Poetics of the incarnation : Middle english writing and the leap of love / Cristina Maria Cervone. — 1st ed. p. cm. — (The Middle Ages series) isBN 978-0-8122--4451-9 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Christian poetry, english (Middle)—history and criticism. 2. Poetics—history—To 1500. 3. incarnation in literature. i. Title. ii. series: Middle Ages series. Pr365.C47 2012 821.1093823—dc23 2012015055 for my parents, who first taught me what love is, and encouraged me to leap * set me as a seal upon your heart as a seal upon your arm for love is strong as death * ecce in manibus meis descripsi te This page intentionally left blank Contents introduction 1 Chapter 1. The “enigma” of signification in “Figurative” language 19 Chapter 2. elisions of Abstract and Concrete, epitomized in a “True-love” 56 Chapter 3. Agency: When Christ as “doer” is Also the “love deed” 85 Chapter 4. Time in Narrative: The Teleology of history Meets the Timelessness of god “in plenitudo temporis” 124 Chapter 5. “he is in the mydde point”: Poetic deep structure and the Frameworks of incarnational Poetics 159 Conclusion 209 Notes 215 Works Cited 283 index 301 Acknowledgments 311 This page intentionally left blank