Pocket Prescriber Emergency Medicine

334 Pages·2013·3.94 MB·English

by  Anthony FT Brown

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Coverflap.qxd 2/4/11 6:39 PM Page 6 Pocket Prescriber Emergency Medicine
“This excellent book will prove itself an invaluable prescribing guide for all
front line clinical staff who work in an emergency department, whether
Pocket
they are permanent or in-training members of the team.” Adult ALS (Advanced Life Support) cardiac arrest algorithm
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cessation) cessation) • Safety issues, warnings, drug errors and adverse effects
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prescribing errors. & SNicBro ••• PGCloiavnnes iaodcxetyrigo aendnsv baenfcoerde ainirtweraryu apntidn gca CpPnRography •• HHyyppoo-t/hheyrpmeirakalaemia/metabolic
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Timothy RJ Nicholson
9 781444 176643 and Donald RJ Singer
K17245_cover.indd 1 8/2/13 9:22 AM
Pocket
Prescriber
Emergency Medicine
K17245.indb 1 31/07/13 3:34 PM
Pocket
Prescriber
Emergency Medicine
Anthony FT Brown MB ChB FRCP FRCSEd FACEM FCEM
Professor of Emergency Medicine, Discipline of Anaesthesiology
and Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Queensland,
Brisbane, Australia
Senior Staff Specialist, Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal
Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
Timothy RJ Nicholson MBBS BSc MSc PhD MRCP
MRCPsych
Academic Clinical Lecturer, Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry,
Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
Donald RJ Singer BMedBiol MD FRCP
Professor of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Clinical
Sciences Research, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick
and University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
K17245.indb 2 31/07/13 3:34 PM
Pocket
Prescriber
Emergency Medicine
Anthony FT Brown MB ChB FRCP FRCSEd FACEM FCEM
Professor of Emergency Medicine, Discipline of Anaesthesiology
and Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Queensland,
Brisbane, Australia
Senior Staff Specialist, Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal
Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
Timothy RJ Nicholson MBBS BSc MSc PhD MRCP
MRCPsych
Academic Clinical Lecturer, Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry,
Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
Donald RJ Singer BMedBiol MD FRCP
Professor of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Clinical
Sciences Research, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick
and University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
K17245.indb 3 31/07/13 3:34 PM
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2014 by Anthony Brown, Timothy Nicholson and Donald Singer
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20130610
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4441-7665-0 (eBook - PDF)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all reasonable efforts have been
made to publish reliable data and information, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or
liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publishers wish to make clear that any views or opinions expressed
in this book by individual editors, authors or contributors are personal to them and do not necessarily reflect the views/opinions
of the publishers. The information or guidance contained in this book is intended for use by medical, scientific or health-care
professionals and is provided strictly as a supplement to the medical or other professional’s own judgement, their knowledge
of the patient’s medical history, relevant manufacturer’s instructions and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of
the rapid advances in medical science, any information or advice on dosages, procedures or diagnoses should be independently
verified. The reader is strongly urged to consult the drug companies’ printed instructions, and their websites, before administer-
ing any of the drugs recommended in this book. This book does not indicate whether a particular treatment is appropriate or
suitable for a particular individual. Ultimately it is the sole responsibility of the medical professional to make his or her own
professional judgements, so as to advise and treat patients appropriately. The authors and publishers have also attempted to trace
the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish
in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may
rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any
form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming,
and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copy-
right.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400.
CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been
granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification
and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
DeDication
To my Mum and Dad for their inspiration and zest for life, and to
my sister Alison for being so supportive and kind.
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Tony Brown
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2014 by Anthony Brown, Timothy Nicholson and Donald Singer July 2013
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed on acid-free paper
Version Date: 20130607
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4441-7664-3 (Paperback)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all reasonable efforts have been
made to publish reliable data and information, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or
liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publishers wish to make clear that any views or opinions expressed
in this book by individual editors, authors or contributors are personal to them and do not necessarily reflect the views/opinions
of the publishers. The information or guidance contained in this book is intended for use by medical, scientific or health-care
professionals and is provided strictly as a supplement to the medical or other professional’s own judgement, their knowledge
of the patient’s medical history, relevant manufacturer’s instructions and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of
the rapid advances in medical science, any information or advice on dosages, procedures or diagnoses should be independently
verified. The reader is strongly urged to consult the drug companies’ printed instructions, and their websites, before administer-
ing any of the drugs recommended in this book. This book does not indicate whether a particular treatment is appropriate or
suitable for a particular individual. Ultimately it is the sole responsibility of the medical professional to make his or her own
professional judgements, so as to advise and treat patients appropriately. The authors and publishers have also attempted to trace
the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish
in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may
rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any
form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming,
and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copy-
right.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400.
CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been
granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification
and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Pocket prescriber emergency medicine / edited by Anthony F.T. Brown, Timothy R.J. Nicholson, and Donald R.J. Singer.
p. ; cm. -- (Pocket prescriber)
Emergency medicine
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4441-7664-3 (paperback : alk. paper)
I. Brown, Anthony F. T., editor. II. Nicholson, Timothy R. J., editor. III. Singer, Donald R. J., editor. IV. Title:
Emergency medicine. V. Series: Pocket prescriber.
[DNLM: 1. Drug Prescriptions--Handbooks. 2. Emergency Medicine--methods--Handbooks. 3. Emergency
Treatment--methods--Handbooks. 4. Pharmaceutical Preparations--administration & dosage--Handbooks. QV 735]
RS57
615.1’4--dc23 2013018418
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
K17245.indb 5 31/07/13 3:34 PM
K17245.indb 6 31/07/13 3:34 PM
contents
Contributors ix
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xiv
How to use this book xv
List of abbreviations xvii
How to prescribe safely in the ED xxvii
Common/useful drugs 1
Drug selection 177
Analgesia in the ED 178
Antiemetics in the ED 179
Local anaesthesia 181
Procedural sedation and analgesia 182
Rapid sequence induction 184
Drug infusion guideline 186
How to prescribe 195
Intravenous fluids 196
Insulin 204
Anticoagulants 209
Steroids 217
Sedation in the ED 219
Controlled drugs 221
Medical emergencies 223
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) 225
Anaphylaxis 225
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) 226
Acute LVF 234
Hypertension and accelerated hypertension 235
Atrial fibrillation 240
Acute severe asthma 242
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viii Contents
Pneumonia 244
COPD exacerbation 247
Pulmonary embolism 248
Acute upper GI haemorrhage 249
Hypoglycaemia 251
DKA 252
HHS (HONK) 255
Addisonian crisis 256
Myxoedema coma/crisis 257
Thyrotoxic crisis/thyroid storm 257
Meningitis 258
Seizures 260
TIA and stroke 261
Severe sepsis or septic shock 264
Febrile neutropenia 265
Urinary tract infections 265
GI infections 266
TB pneumonia 267
Malaria 267
Electrolyte disturbances 269
Alcohol withdrawal 271
Acute poisoning 274
Surgical emergencies 285
Acute abdomen 286
Orthopaedic infections 287
ENT infections 288
Eye infections 288
Reference information 291
Glasgow coma scale 292
Mental state examination 293
Acid-base nomogram 294
Useful formulae 295
Common laboratory reference values 297
Index 301
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contributors
Adam MC Archibald BSc(Hons) MBChB
FY2 Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health, Royal Infirmary of
Edinburgh
Peter J Barnes DM DSc FRCP FMedSci FRS
Professor and Consultant in Respiratory Medicine, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Imperial College London
Alison Bedlow BSc MBBS FRCP
Consultant Dermatologist, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation
Trust
Aodhan Breathnach MD FRCPath
Consultant Medical Microbiologist, Department of Medical
Microbiology St George’s Hospital, London
Emma C Derrett-Smith BSc MBBS MRCP
Clinical Research Fellow, Centre for Rheumatology and Connective
Tissue Diseases, UCL Medical School, London
Timothy WR Doulton BSc MBBS MRCP MD
Consultant Nephrologist, Kent Kidney Care Centre, East Kent
Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
Thomas M Galliford MBBS BSc(Hons) MRCP
SpR Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College
NHS Healthcare Trust, London
Beth D Harrison MA BM BCh DM FRCP FRCPath
Consultant Haematologist, University Hospital Coventry and
Warwickshire NHS Trust
Steven Harsum MBBS BSc PhD FRCOphth
Consultant Ophthalmologist, Sutton Eye Unit, Epsom and St Helier
NHS Trust
Robin DC Kumar MBBS BSc FRCA
Clinical Fellow in Neuroanaesthesia, National Hospital for
Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London
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