Platelets in Thrombotic and Non-Thrombotic Disorders: Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics: an Update PDF
Preview Platelets in Thrombotic and Non-Thrombotic Disorders: Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics: an Update
Paolo Gresele Neal S. Kleiman José A. Lopez Clive P. Page Editors Platelets in Thrombotic and Non-Thrombotic Disorders Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics: an Update Platelets in Thrombotic and Non-Thrombotic Disorders Paolo Gresele (cid:129) Neal S. Kleiman (cid:129) Jose´ A. Lopez (cid:129) Clive P. Page Editors Platelets in Thrombotic and Non-Thrombotic Disorders Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics: an Update Editors PaoloGresele NealS.Kleiman DepartmentofMedicine,SectionofInternaland HoustonMethodistHospital CardiovascularMedicine,UniversityofPerugia Houston,Texas,USA Perugia,Italy Jose´A.Lopez CliveP.Page BloodworksNorthwest,UniversityofWashington SacklerInstofPulmonaryPharmacol,King’s Seattle,Washington,USA CollegeLondon London,UnitedKingdom ISBN978-3-319-47460-1 ISBN978-3-319-47462-5 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-47462-5 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017935375 #SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnot imply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsand regulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelieved tobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty, expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeen made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Foreword When I joined Marc Verstraete’s laboratory as a medical student in 1959, the emphasis was on hemophilia, vitamin K antagonists as oral anticoagulants, and the development of thrombolysis. Platelet studies were limited to platelet count, bleeding time, and clot retraction.Whenanotherwisehealthypatientwithableedingdisorderhadanormalcoagula- tionprofile,anormalplateletcount,aprolongedbleedingtime,andanabsentclotretraction, we diagnosed Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia; if, however, in the same setting the clot retraction was normal, we considered von Willebrand’s disease. How times have changed! In the 1960s, aggregometry allowed the first functional platelet studies; the inhibitory effect of some anti-inflammatory agents, in particular aspirin, was discovered, and the first speculations made about a possible antithrombotic potential of these agents. In the 1970s, therewasinscientificmeetingsastrictdividebetween“clotters”(studyingcoagulation)and “clumpers” (studying platelet aggregation); fortunately, this gap gradually narrowed when it became obvious that platelets are closely involved in physiological coagulation and that coagulation induces platelet activation. The 1980s saw confirmation of aspirin as antithrombotic agent; it became a mainstay for the prevention and treatment of arterial vascular disease. At the same time, new developments in cell biology were being applied tomegakaryocytesandplatelets.Sincethen,newpathwaysandreceptorshavebeencontinu- ouslydiscovered;themolecularbasesofnumerouscongenitalthrombocytopeniashavebeen defined;newplateletinhibitorshavebeendevelopedandevaluatedinclinicalstudies;platelet inhibition remains crucial despite the continuing progress with vascular stents to combat arterial disease. Platelets are now recognized to play an important role in inflammation, angiogenesis,cancer,etc. So why, in this Internet age, a new book on platelets? Platelet studies are a typical area where cell biology and clinical practice meet. A book is an ideal site to bring these two separateworldstogether.Cellbiologistsareinterestedinthepotentialclinicalapplicationof their findings; clinicians are interested in the biological basis of their treatments; this book provides all the answers in one place. It now has become impossible to possess the total knowledgeonplatelets;evenexpertswillbenefitfromabooklikethis.Forstudentsentering thefield,itprovidesthemwithadauntingbutcomprehensive“stateoftheart,”towhichthey canhopetoaddnewfindings. Thefirsteditionofthisbookdatesfrom2002.WhencomparingtheTablesofContents,I find, besides an update of previously covered topics, many new entries such as the platelet proteome and transcriptome, CLEC, a new emphasis on neutrophil–platelet interactions, plateletsascarriersofgeneticmaterialforcelldelivery,orplateletsinregenerativemedicine, amongseveralothers. The book now contains 97 chapters. To identify and convince top scientists to contribute, toput this all together, to elaborate a useful index for search purposes, all this is v vi Foreword a formidable task. I wish to congratulate Paolo Gresele, with whom I shared an exciting research period and a continuing friendship, Jose´ Lopez, Neil Kleiman, and Clive Page for this hard work, but, above all, for a very useful achievement, which will bear many fruitsintheyearstocome. UniversityofLeuven JosVermylen Leuven,Belgium Contents PartI Physiology ABriefHistoryofBloodPlatelets:APersonalView. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 MichaelC.Berndt,PatMetharom,andRobertK.Andrews PhylogenyofBloodPlatelets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 StefaniaMomiandVirojWiwanitkit PlateletMorphologyandUltrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 HarryF.G.HeijnenandSuzanneJ.A.Korporaal MegakaryocyteDevelopmentandPlateletProduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 JosephE.ItalianoJr. PlateletHeterogeneity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 ShawnJobe RegulationofPlateletAdhesionReceptors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 AnaKasirer-FriedeandSanfordJ.Shattil ThePlateletGlycoproteinIb-IX-VComplex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Jose´ A.Lo´pez α β (GPIIb/IIIa)StructureandFunction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 IIb 3 JoelS.Bennett GPVI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 YacineBoulaftali,BenoitHoTinNoe´,MartineJandrot-Perrus, andPierreH.Mangin TheRoleofCLEC-2inandBeyondtheVasculature. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 JulieRayes,AlexanderT.Hardy,StephanieE.Lombard, SamanthaJ.Montague, SteveP.Watson,andKateL.Lowe AnatomyofthePlateletCytoskeleton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Herve´ Falet PlateletProteomicsanditsApplicationstoStudyPlatelet-Related Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 MichelaDiMichele,KrisGevaert,andKathleenFreson ThePlateletPARs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 AmalArachicheandMarvinT.Nieman TheP2Receptors. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . 187 Be´atriceHechlerandChristianGachet PlateletProstanoidsandtheirreceptors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 SusanneFriesandTiloGrosser vii viii Contents PlateletGenomics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 ZongdongLi,DmitriV.Gnatenko,andWadieF.Bahou ThePlateletTranscriptome:CodingRNAs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 JesseW.Rowley,BhanuKanthManne,andAndrewS.Weyrich NoncodingRNAsinPlateletBiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 LeonardC.EdelsteinandPaulF.Bray ImplicationsofPlateletRNAtoVascularHealthandDisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 LaurenClancyandJaneE.Freedman GTPases. .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 263 LuciaStefanini,RobertH.Lee,andWolfgangBergmeier PlateletSignalling:Calcium. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 285 AlanG.S.HarperandStewartO.Sage PlateletSignaling:ProteinPhosphorylation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 SatyaP.Kunapuli,DheerajBhavanasi,JohnC.Kostyak,andBhanuKanthManne PlateletAdhesion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 ElizabethE.GardinerandRobertK.Andrews PlateletShapeChange. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 JosephE.Aslan TheMigrationofPlateletsandtheirInteractionwithOther MigratingCells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 EleonoraPetito,StefaniaMomi,andPaoloGresele PlateletSecretion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 RobertFlaumenhaft ASystemsApproachtothePlateletSignalingNetworkandtheHemostatic ResponsetoInjury.. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . 367 LawrenceF.Brass,PeisongMa,MaurizioTomaiuolo,ScottL.Diamond, andTimothyJ.Stalker Platelet-DerivedMicroparticles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 SylvieCointe,RomaricLacroix,andFranc¸oiseDignat-George PlateletInteractionswiththeBloodVesselWall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 BradleyA.MaronandJosephLoscalzo Platelet–LeukocyteInteractions. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 407 VirgilioEvangelista,LiciaTotani,AngeloA.Manfredi,andNormaMaugeri TheRoleofPlateletsinLymphangiogenesisandNeoangiogenesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 KatsueSuzuki-InoueandToshiakiShirai PlateletsandCoagulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 JohanW.M.Heemskerk,JudithM.E.M.Cosemans,andPaolaE.J.vanderMeijden PlateletsandFibrinolysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 MarioColucci,NicolaSemeraro,andFabrizioSemeraro PlateletsandImmunity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 IngridSlabaandPaulKubes Contents ix PlateletsinNeurologicalDisorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 IlariaCanobbio,GianniF.Guidetti,andMauroTorti TheRoleofPlateletsDuringDevelopmentandReproduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 ShreyKohliandBerendIsermann Platelet-DerivedInhibitorsofPlateletActivation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 A.J.Unsworth,A.P.Bye,andJ.M.Gibbins PartII Methodology PlateletFunctionTests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559 MarieLordkipanidze´ andPaulHarrison PlateletCountingandMeasurementofPlateletDimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 PatriziaNorisandCarloZaninetti FlowCytometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 CeciliaCarubbi,ElenaMasselli,andMarcoVitale PlateletAggregation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619 CatherineP.M.HaywardandKarenA.Moffat PlateletSecretion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 AndreasWersa¨ll,EwelinaM.Golebiewska,andAlastairW.Poole PlateletActivationUnderConditionsofFlow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651 PhilipG.deGrootandRolfT.Urbanus InVivoImagingofThrombosisandHemostasis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663 AnilK.Chauhan MonitoringofAntiplateletTherapy. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 671 UdayaS.Tantry,AungMyat,andPaulA.Gurbel MouseModelsofThrombosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681 DeyaCherpokovaandBernhardNieswandt Next-GenerationSequencingintheStudyofPlatelets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699 VincenzoC.Leo Contents for Volume 2 PartIII Pathology:HemostaticDisorders ApproachtothePatientwithPlatelet-RelatedBleeding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717 DiegoMezzanoandJaimePereira InheritedThrombocytopenias. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727 CarloL.Balduini,FedericaMelazzini,andAlessandroPecci ImmuneThrombocytopenia:WhereAreWeNow?. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 749 NicholaCooperandJamesBussel FetalandNeonatalAlloimmuneThrombocytopenia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761 Ge´raldBertrandandCe´cileKaplan Drug-InducedThrombocytopenia:Pathogenesis,Diagnosisand Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771 BengH.ChongandJamesJ.-H.Chong Heparin-InducedThrombocytopenia. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789 AndreasGreinacher,TamamBakchoul,AdamCuker, andTheodore(Ted)E.Warkentin ThrombocytopeniainPregnancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 ShrutiChaturvediandKeithR.McCrae ThrombocytopeniaintheNewborn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825 RobertCarr,TimothyWatts,andCatherineRea ThrombocytopeniainPatientswithSolidTumorsorHematologic Malignancies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841 CarolineI.PiatekandHowardA.Liebman ThromboticThrombocytopenicPurpuraandHemolyticUremicSyndrome. . . . . 851 JohannaA.KremerHovinga ThrombocytosisandEssentialThrombocythaemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 SamahAlimamandClaireN.Harrison PlateletAdhesiveProteinDefectDisorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887 ShinjiKunishimaandHirokazuKashiwagi DefectsofSolubleAgonists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907 MarcoCattaneo DefectsofPlateletGranulesandSecretion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917 BarbaraZieger DefectsofPlateletSignalTransduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923 BinggangXiangandZhenyuLi xi
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