Plants of Angola/Plantas de Angola PDF
Preview Plants of Angola/Plantas de Angola
Angola Plants of de Angola Plantas Estrela Figueiredo & Gideon Smith F. Provinces of Angola - BO Bengo CA — BE Benguela - Bl Bie ZA — Ul CA Cabinda - CC Cuando-Cubango VBO jJ WM - LA CN Cuanza Norte CN Ma LN CS — Cuanza Sul 3 - CU Cunene LS — HA Huambo cs - HI Huila — LA Luanda HA Bl BE MO — LN Lunda Norte — LS Lunda Sul HI MA - Malange MO - Moxico NA CC NA - Namibe CU - Ul Uige - ZA Zaire Historical and modern names of Angolan localities Ambrizete N’Zeto Paiva Couceiro Quipungo . . Artur de Paiva Cubango Pereira d’Ega Ondjiva . . Carmona . Uige Portugcilia . Dundo Gago Coutinho Lumbala N’Gumbo Robert Williams Caala . . General Freire Nambuangongo Rogadas Xangongo . . General Machado Camacupa Sa da Bandeira Lubango . . Henrique de Carvalho.. Saurimo Salazar Ndalatando . . Joao de Almeida Chibia Santa Comba Uaco Cungo . . Luso Luena Santo Antonio do Zaire Soyo . .. Mariano Machado Ganda Sao Salvador M’Banza Congo . . Mogamedes Namibe Serpa Pinto Menongue . . Neves Ferreira . Cuemba Silva Porto . Cuito Norton de Matos Balornbo Sousa Lara Bocoio . . Nova Chaves . Muconda Teixeira da Silva . Bailundo Nova Lisboa . Huambo Teixeira de Sousa . Luau Nova Sintra Catabola Verissimo Sarmento Lucapa . . Novo Redondo . Sumbe Vila Arriaga . Bibala TRELITZIA 22 Angola nts of / Plantas de Angola by E. Figueiredo & G.F. Smith national biodiversity institute S A N B I Pretoria 2008 T R E L T Z A I I This series has replaced Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa and Annals of the Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens which SANBI inherited from its predecessor organisations. The plant genus Strelitzia occurs naturally in the eastern parts of southern Africa. It comprises three arborescent species, known as wild bananas, and two acaulescent species, known as crane flowers or bird-of-paradise flowers. The logo of the South African National Biodiversity Institute is based on the striking inflorescence of Strelitzia reginae, a native ofthe Eastern Cape and KwaZulu- Natal that has become a garden favourite worldwide. It symbolises the commitment ofthe Institute to promote the sustainable use, conservation, appreciation and enjoyment of the exceptionally rich biodiversity of South Africa, forthe benefit of all its people. Authors Estrela Figueiredo Herbarium, Institute de Investigapao Cientlfica Tropical, Trav. Conde da Ribeira 9, 1300-142 Lisboa, Portugal. Gideon F. Smith Office ofthe Chief Director: Biosystematics Research and Biodiversity Collections, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private BagXIOl, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa; Acocks Chair, H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa. SCIENTIFIC EDITOR: Otto A. Leistner TECHNICAL EDITOR: Emsie du Plessis LAYOUT & DESIGN: Elizma Fouche PHOTOGRAPH FRONT COVER: Welwitschia mirabilis in the Namibe Desert, by Paige A. Parker (www.paigeparker.com). PHOTOGRAPHS BACK COVER: Aloeesculenta, growingin cultivation intheConserva- tory ofthe Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden in Cape Town, by Estrela Figueiredo; Dicoma antunesii and Euphorbia virosa in Angola, by Roi Carballal. How to cite this work: FIGUEIREDO, E. & SMITH, G.F. 2008. Plants of Angola/Plantas de Angola. Strelitzia 22. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. How to cite families treated by contributors (see list on page vi): CONTRIBUTOR. 2008. Plantfamily name. In E. Figueiredo&G.F. Smith, PlantsofAngola/Plantas de Angola. Strelitzia 22: page-page. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. All otherfamilies to be cited as this work (see top). ISBN: 978-1-919976-45-7 © Published by: South African National Biodiversity Institute. Obtainablefrom: SANBI Bookshop, Private BagXIOl, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa. Tel.: +27 12 843-5000. Fax: +27 12 804-3211.E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.sanbi.org. Printed by Seriti Printing (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 24829, Gezina, 0031 South Africa. tents Conteudo Foreword iv Prefacio v Contributors vi Contribuidores vi Acknowledgements vi Agradecimentos vi 1. Introduction 1 1. Introdugao 1 2. Botanical exploration of Angola 2 2. Exploragao Botanica de Angola 3 Friedrich Welwitsch 2 Friedrich Welwitsch 3 Flugo Baum 2 Hugo Baum 3 John Gossweiler 2 John Gossweiler 3 List ofcollectors 4 Lista de colectores 4 Flerbaria with collectionsfrom Angola 11 Herbarios com colecgoes de Angola 11 Types from Angola 12 Tipos de Angola 12 3. About this list 13 3. Acerca desta lista 13 Nomenclaturechanges and typification Alteragoes nomenclaturais etipificagao published in this list 13 publicadas nesta lista 13 Summaryofdiversityand endemism Sumariodosvaloresde diversidadeeendemismo figures in this list 13 nesta lista 13 4. Cited and general literature references 4. References blbliografleas citadas e gerais and internet resources relevant to the e recursos na internet relevantes para o study of the flora of Angola 15 estudo da flora de Angola 15 5. List of accepted names 21 5. Lista de nomes aceites 21 6. List of synonyms 217 6. Lista de sinonimos 217 7. Index to accepted families and genera 273 7. Indice das famllias e dos generos aceites. 273 . . . iii Foreword by Brian J. Huntley Angola is blessed with an unusually rich biodiversity, Carrisso led two collecting expeditions to Angola, including an with at least 6 961 plant, 275 mammal, 915 bird and 266 extensive tour in 1937 with A.W. Exell and F.A. Mendonga, freshwater fish species. In the far southwest, the Namib during which 3 211 specimens were collected, and on which Desert stretches northwards from the Cunene, inhabited by Carrisso died at Pedras Salvadoras (also known as Pico oryx, springbok and Welwitschia in the northwest, the tall de Azevedo), in the Namib, while preparing recommenda- rainforests of the Maiombe in Cabinda harbour gorillas, chim- tions for the establishment of the Iona National Park and the panzees and many other rare primates and forest antelope; Mogamedes Reserve. Carrisso is therefore remembered both the extensive miombo woodlands—of the central plateau are as a botanist and a conservationist of singular importance to home to Angola’s national emblem the giant sable; while the Angola. afromontane forests and grasslands of Morro Moco and the highlands and escarpments of Benguela, Huambo and Hulla Conspectus florae angolensis, edited for many years by provide habitatto a rich diversityof endemic birds. Carrisso’s friends Exell and Mendonga, served for many years as the primary vehicle for the publication of monographs on This diversity has long been valued and understood by the flora of Angola. Sadly, following independence in 1975 tohneepgeeonpelreatoifonAntgooltah.e Tnreaxdtitoivoenralmiklnloewnlneiad,ger,emtarainnssfearrperdifmraormy and the nearly three decades of civil war that followed, little opportunity existed for field research, and the government's source of information on the country’sfauna and flora. Visitors to Angola, such as Welwitsch, Gossweiler, Redinha, Exell and attention had to focus on security and socio-economic priori- others, have paid tribute to the detailed knowledge held by ties. As a result, contributions to the Conspectus have waned, local people of the taxonomic, ecological, medicinal and eco- butthe prospects of a rejuvenation of botany in Angola follow- nomic characteristics of the flora of this country. But much ingthe peace accord of2002 look promising. of this knowledge remains undocumented and thus inacces- Against this background, one can appreciate the impor- sible to the majority of the country's people and to the world tance of the present volume. When the SABONET (Southern at large. African Botanical Diversity Network) project was launched in This volume constitutes a critically important step 1996, Angola had no full-time professional staff in its herbar- towards assembling the knowledge of the flora of Angola ia, its facilities were in a state of decay, and there seemed to within a modern, easily accessible and scientific framework. be little prospect of any improvement. Fortunately, participa- For the first time, we have a comprehensive catalogue of the tion in SABONET resulted in the training of several Angolan diversity of Angola’sflora based on published descriptions and taxonomists, the rehabilitation of the collections and the elec- herbarium material. This volume also provides a valuable syn- tronic data-basingof a good proportion ofthese. A preliminary opsis of botanical collectors and a comprehensive list of publi- Red Data List and a checklist of Poaceae were published, and cations on the country’sflora. a wider understanding ofthe importance of herbaria and field botanywas developed. The first Angolan plant species described in the scien- tific literature was Maerua angolensis DC., collected in the This volume results from the collaboration of 32 Benguela hinterland by Joaquim Jose da Silva who was sent researchers in nine countries. Without the voluntary contribu- to Angola by royal warrant from 1783 to 1787 to collect tions of these scientists from around the globe, the analysis, plants. His collection, deposited in the Museu Real da Ajuda synthesis and documentation of Angola’s floral knowledge in Lisbon, was removed to Paris during the Napoleonic occu- would have been impossible. Increasingly, nations from all pation of Portugal, and was only described in 1824. continents are seekingways ofassisting one anotherto ensure a sustainable and humane future for all. The Convention on From this small beginning, a continuing stream of plant Biological Diversity (CBD), to which Angola is a signatory, tceorlleocftotrhsishavsolbuemeen.aTctwiovecionllAencgtoolras,—atshedeAsucsrtirbieadninFraiecdhraipc-h spells out the joint responsibilities of every nation with regard Welwitsch (1806-1872), and the Swiss John Gossweiler to our collective natural wealth. Angola has responded to the (1873-1952)—stand out as the fathers of Angolan botany, CBD programme of work by the preparation and publication having travelled and collected throughout the country over of a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, which many years. Their valuable material is preserved in the her- emphasises the urgent need to build capacity in biodiversity baria of Europe, and their type specimens are now available inventory, documentation and conservation. ttohewoArfrkiecrasniPnlaAnntgsolIanitainatdivbeePyroonjedctt.hrSoadulgyh,tmhaendyigiotfalthleibiramrpyoro-f Much has still to be done, but this volume represents tcaonlltecctoolrlsecwtihoonsvaisnidtetdypAengsopleaciinmetnhse olfattehe19ntuhmaenrdouesarGlyer2m0atnh amimtamjeonrtsttoepthteowCarBdDsombejeetcitinvgest.heTAhnegoeldaitnorgsovaenrdnmaeuntth’osrscoamr-e century were lost in the bombing ofthe Berlin Herbarium dur- commended on the publication ofthis benchmarkcontribution. ingthe Second World War. During the 20th century, botanists, ecologists, mission- aries, farmers and many visiting scientists added to the collec- tions in the herbaria of Europe and in the scientific institutions ofAngola. The need fora Flora ofAngola was soon recognised, Emeritus Professor Brian J. Huntley and this was founded as the Conspectus florae angolensis by Chief Executive, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Luis Wittnich Carrisso (1886-1937). As Director of the 1990-2006 Ecologist, Repartigao Tecnica da Fauna, Angola, 1971-1975 IV Prefacio por Brian J. Huntley Angola foi abengoada com uma biodiversidade invulgar- da Universidade de Coimbra, o Dr. Carrisso chefiou duas expe- mente rica. Em termos de especies tern, pelo menos, 6 961 digoes botanicas a Angola, incluindo uma excursao bastante plantas, 275 mamlferos, 915 aves e 266 peixes de agua doce. extensa em 1937, com A.W. Exell e F.A. Mendonga, durante a No sudoeste, o deserto do Namibe estende-se do Cunene para qual foram colhidos 3 211 especimes e na qual Carrisso fale- norte, povoado por guelengues-do-deserto, cabras-de-leque ceu em Pedras Salvadoras (local tambem conhecido como Pico e Welwitschia no noroeste, as altas florestas humidas do de Azevedo), no Namibe, onde preparava recomendagoes para Maiombe, em C;abinda, abrigam gorilas, chimpanzes e muitos o estabelecimento do Parque Nacional do Iona e da Reserva de outros primatas raros e antllopes defloresta; as extensas matas Mogamedes. Carrisso e recordado como urn botanico e conser- de miombo do planalto—central sao o lar da especie emblema- vacionista de particular importancia para Angola. tica nacional de Angola a palanca negra gigante; as florestas afromontanas e pradarias do Morro Moco e das terras altas e 0 Conspectus florae angolensis, editado durante muitos escarpas de Benguela, Huambo e Hulla, fornecem habitat a anos pelos amigos de Carrisso, Exell e Mendonga, serviu por uma grande diversidade de aves endemicas. bastante tempo de velculo principal para a publicagao de estu- dos monograficosdaflora deAngola. Infelizmente, na sequencia Esta diversidade tem sido compreendida e valorizada da independence em 1975 e das quase tres decadas de guer- pelo povo de Angola. 0 conhecimento tradicional, transmitido ra civil que se seguiram, existiram poucas oportunidades para de uma geragao para a seguinte ao longo de milhares de anos, desenvolver trabalho de campo e a atengao do governo teve de constitui uma fonte basica de informagao sobre a fauna e flora se virar para prioridades socio-economicas e de seguranga. Em do pals. Visitantes de Angola, como Welwitsch, Gossweiler, consequencia, os contributos para o Conspectus esmoreceram. Redinha, Exell e outros, tem reconhecido o conhecimento deta- No entanto, na sequencia do acordo de paz de 2002, as previ- Ihado que as populagoes locais detem sobre as caracterlsticas soes de urn rejuvenescimento da botanica em Angola tornam-se taxonomicas, ecologicas, medicinais e economicas da flora do promissoras. pals. Todavia, grande parte deste conhecimento nao se encon- Neste cenario, a importancia deste volume pode ser tra documentada permanecendo inacesslvel a maioria da popu- apreciada de melhor maneira. Quando o projecto SABONET lagao do pals e do mundo. (Southern African Botanical Diversity Network) foi langado, em 1996, nao existiam nos herbarios angolanos profissionais Este volume constitui urn passo importante no sentido de reunir o conhecimento da flora de Angola num enquadramento a trabalhar em tempo integral, as infra-estruturas encontra- vam-se degradadas e havia poucas expectativas de melhoria. cientlfico, moderno e de facil acesso. Pela primeira vez temos Felizmente, a participagao no SABONET resultou no treino de urn catalogo completo da diversidade da flora de Angola basea- doem descrigoes publicadas e em exemplares de herbario. Este vnaaricorsiatgaaxoondoemibsatsaessadngeoldaandooss, enlaecrteraobniilciatsagadoeduamsacobloeacgopaerstee trabalho fornecetambem uma valiosa compilagao de colectores dessas colecgoes. Foram publicadas uma Lista Vermelha pre- botanicos e uma extensa lista de publicagoes sobre a flora do liminar e uma checklist das Poaceae, e foi criado urn entendi- pals. mento mais amplo da importancia dos herbarios e do trabalho de campo. A primeira planta angolana descrita na literatura cientl- fica foi a Maerua angolensis DC., colhida nas vizinhangas de Este volume resulta da colaboragao de 32 investiga- Benguela porJoaquim Jose da Silva que havia sido enviado a dores em nove palses. Sem as contribuigoes voluntarias des- Angola por decreto real, de 1783 a 1787, com a finalidade tes cientistas de varios locais do Mundo, a analise, slntese e de fazer colheitas de plantas. Esta sua colheita, depositada documentagao do conhecimento da flora de Angola nao teria no Museu Real da Ajuda em Lisboa, foi transferida para Paris sido posslvel. Cada vez mais, nagoes de todos os continentes durante a ocupagao de Portugal pelas forgas Napoleonicas, procuram forma de se auxiliarem mutuamente de modo a asse- tendovindo a serdescrita apenas em 1824. gurarem urn futuro sustentavel e humano. A Convengao sobre a Diversidade Biologica (CBD), da qual Angola e signataria, des- Desde este pequeno comego, urn fluxo contlnuo de colec- creve as responsabilidades conjuntas das nagoes no que respei- tores botanicostem actuado em Angola, comose descreve num ta a riqueza natural colectiva. Angola respondeu ao programa de capltulo destevolume. Destacam-se doiscolectores, o austrlaco trabalho da CBD com a preparagao e publicagao da Estrategia Friedrich Welwitsch (1806-1872) e o sulgo John Gossweiler e Plano deAcgao Nacionais para a Biodiversidade, que realga a (1873-1952), como os pais da botanica angolana, tendo via- necessidade urgente de construir capacidade na inventariagao, jado e colhido no pals ao longo de varios anos. As suas valio- documentagao e conservagao da biodiversidade. sas colecgoes estao conservadas em herbarios europeus e os seus especimes-tipo encontram-se agora disponlveis a estu- Muito tem ainda de ser feito, mas este trabalho repre- diosos, em Angola ou noutro pals, atraves da biblioteca digital senta urn passo muito importante na direegao do compromisso do African Plants Initiative Project. Lamentavelmente, grande do governo de Angola relativamente aos objectivos da CBD. Os numero das colecgoes e especimes-tipo dos numerosos colecto- editores e autores sao dignos de elogio pela publicagao desta res alemaes que visitaram Angola no fim do seculo XIX e inlcio obra de referenda. do seculo XX foram perdidas no bombardeamento do herbario de Berlim durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. DuranteoseculoXX, botanicos, ecologistas, missionaries, fazendeiros e muitos cientistas de visita a Angola contribulram para o aumento das colecgoes nos herbarios europeus e nas Emeritus Professor Brian J. Huntley institutes cientlficas angolanas. Reconheceu-se a necessida- Chief Executive, South African National Biodiversity de de uma Flora de Angola, a qual veio a ser criada com o Institute, 1990-2006 nome Conspectus florae angolensis por Luis Wittnich Carrisso Ecologista, Repartigao Tecnica da Fauna, (1886-1937). Na qualidade de director do Instituto Botanico Angola, 1971-1975 V V Contributors Contribuidores (*= in collaboration / em colaboragao) Sara Albuquerque, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United King- Eurico S. Martins, Institute de Investigagao Cientifica Tropical, dom (Friedrich Welwitsch) Portugal (Collectors*) William Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom Susana Matos, Institutede Investigagao Cientifica Tropical, Por- (Arecaceae) tugal (Anisophylleaceae, Asphodelaceae*, Linaceae, Collec- Henk Beentje, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom tors*) (Asteraceae*, Ericaceae) Abraham Muthama Muasya, University of Cape Town, South Matt Buys, South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa (Cyperaceae*) Africa (Aizoaceae, Boraginaceae, Mesembryanthemaceae, Santiago Ortiz, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain Molluginaceae) (Asteraceae*, Polygonaceae) Benny Bytebier, Stellenbosch University, South Africa (Orchi- Jorge Paiva, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal (Annonaceae, daceae*) Polygalaceae) Joao Francisco Cardoso, Universidade Agostinho Neto, Angola Elizabeth Retief, South African National Biodiversity Institute, (Collectors*) South Africa (Geraniaceae, Vitaceae, Zygophyllaceae) Joaquim Cesar, Institute de Investigagao Agronomica, Angola J.P. (Koos) Roux, South African National Biodiversity Institute, (Herbaria with collectionsfrom Angola*) South Africa (Lycopodiophyta, Equisetophyta and Pterido- Robert B. Faden, Smithsonian Institution, USA (Commeli- phyta) naceae) Brian Schrire, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom Shahina Ghazanfar, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United (Fabaceae*) Kingdom (Basellaceae, Caryophyllaceae, lllecebraceae, David Simpson, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom Nyctaginaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Portu- (Cyperaceae*) lacaceae, Scrophulariaceae) David Goyder, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom Miguel Soares, Instituto de Investigagao Cientifica Tropical, (Apocynaceae*) Portugal (Fabaceae*) Alicia Grobler, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Marc Sosef, University of Wageningen, The Netherlands (Bego- South Africa (Fabaceae*) niaceae) Flans-Dieter Ihlenfeldt, BioCentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Timo van der Niet, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Garden, Germany (Pedaliaceae) (Orchidaceae*) Ronell R. Klopper, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Justyna Wiland-Szymanska, A. Mickiewicz University, Poland South Africa (Asphodelaceae*) (Dracaenaceae*) Otto A. Leistner, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Paul Wilkin, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom South Africa (Malvaceae, Poaceae) (Dioscoreaceae, Dracaenaceae*, Taccaceae) Tsepang Makholela, South African National Biodiversity Insti- Pieter Winter, South African National Biodiversity Institute, tute, South Africa (Acanthaceae) South Africa (Apiaceae) Agradecimentos The authors would like to thank Prof. Brian Fiuntley, Os autores agradecem ao Prof. Brian Huntley, Senior Senior Advisor to the Department of Environmental Affairs Advisordo Departmentof Environmental Affairsand Tourism, and Tourism, for supporting the project from its inception, o apoio ao projecto desde o seu inicio, e aos membros do and thefollowingstaffmembersoftheSouth African National South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) que Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) who assisted with the comple- contribuiram para a realizagaodo projecto: Emsie du Plessis, tion of the project: Emsie du Plessis, Gerrit Germishuizen, Gerrit Germishuizen, Sandra Turck, Louisa Liebenberg, Sandra Turck, Louisa Liebenberg, Elizma Fouche and Elizma Fouche e Hannelie Snyman. Agradecemos tambem Hannelie Snyman. Thanks are also due to Michele Smith a Michele Smith e David Sutton, do The Natural History and David Sutton of The Natural History Museum, UK, for Museum, Reino Unido, a informagao sobre colectores, a providing information on collectors, to Reuben Roberts of Reuben Roberts, do Knowledge Management Office do SANBI’s Knowledge Management Office in Kirstenbosch, SANBI, em Kirstenbosch, Cape Town, o apoio no tratamento Cape Town, for assistance with data issues, and especially de dados, e em especial, a Rina Marais, o apoio administra- to Rina Marais for administrative support. Thanks are also tive. Agradecemos tambem a Dick Brummitt, Roi Carballal, due to Dick Brummitt, Roi Carballal, Philip Downs and Philip Downs e Paige Parker. Agradece-se ao Dr Eurico Paige Parker. We thank Dr Eurico Martins for revising the Martins a revisao da versao portuguesa do texto. Estamos Portuguese version of the text. We are also grateful to all gratos a todos os colaboradores que partilharam o seu co- the collaborators who shared their knowledge on the flora nhecimento sobre a flora de Angola contribuindo para esta of Angola, and for contributing to this book. Finally, Dr Otto obra, e ao Dr Otto Leistner pela sua inestimavel ajuda em Leistner is sincerely thanked for invaluable assistance with questoes cientificas. scientific matters. r~f-TRELITZIA 22 (2008) 1 1. Introduction 1. Introdugao Comprehensive inventories that catalogue the occur- Inventarios exaustivos da biodiversidade numa deter- rence of components of biodiversity in any given geographi- minada regiao geografica sao instrumentos fundamentais cal region remain fundamental, indeed essential, research para quern planeia medidas de conservagao e para outros tools for conservation planners and other users of biodiver- utilizadores da informagao sobre biodiversidade. 0 acesso sity information. Access to basic biodiversity information is a uma informagao basica sobre biodiversidade e, portanto, therefore critical for managingthe biological resources ofany essencial para a gestao dos recursos naturais de qualquer country. Although progress has been made with compiling pals. Embora tenha sido feito algum progresso na inventari- an inventory of the flora of Angola, for example through the agao da flora de Angola, nomeadamente atraves do projecto Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET) Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET), project, a complete checklist remained elusive. Therefore, in continuava a nao existir uma lista completa da flora. Por spite of its richness and diversity, theflora ofAngola present- este motivo, e apesar da sua riqueza e diversidade, a flora ed a serious gap in the knowledge of the southern African de Angola constitula uma grave lacuna no conhecimento da plant diversity. diversidade vegetal da Africa austral. Ate a data, os valores para diversidade e endemismo Until now, the figures for vascular plant diversity and endemism in Angola were unknown and could only be das plantas vasculares de Angola eram desconhecidos e faeAalnnsnoggtyrooiallomfawea,ntatseshuidenstl(mrie(eak.CajegFto.Aermd)Lo,AessfbtewrrpihuaAcinrfacranhit&ceralerSnygetimoociarnnoikautlnnhts1erF9lii9owen1rsoc)a,ro.kmpwprOaoClnjseoeetncensto.srpt.eeWaciIhstnnoiucsnltlseeuiadfsdoel,ttdohhrieaaitetrns &pmnEaohmidSuotivrmoaeirmzadkodadsi1pos9essp9nor,1paia)snalc.ssiseepuCrsaaolssanufftjlrpreoiriracoatarjonietsocaesratm,noeesnAsstnitddeigeomoalaFttalorioavrntqaaaausdo(eaprofesoarigeciepooixannnecratmliaepusdcliaeodamua,fereinLccmteoabenmranunsen.oa- Conspectusfloraeangolensis(CFA), quecontinua incompleto. regional Floras, such as the Flora of tropical East Africa (FTEA) and Flora zambesiaca (FZ), are now nearing comple- Enquanto outras Floras como a Flora of tropical East Africa tion, production of the CFA has stopped, leaving much of (FTEA) e a Flora zambesiaca (FZ) se encontram proximas da sua conclusao, a produgao do CFA encontra-se parada, per- the flora uncatalogued and certainly under-studied. Without manecendo grande parte da flora por catalogar. Na ausencia aumaabtyaesiptcrhoetvaecxootnnosoebmreivcadtipiflfoaintcufslottramtt,ousiitmoispflerexamcreeeendAtinngpgorlloyapndoisfepfildcaunclttosntsoaenervdvaal-i-t dapveoadluiemanradooplearstetavaefdlooarrmd-aestecaoxtnoasnemorbmvieacmgaaobdiadfsleicciapl,laaenteiaxmstprrlaeermmaasemnaetnnagtogelaadoinfaldcsi,el tion measures and assess their success. Likewise, ecological medidas de conservagao e a avaliagao do seu sucesso. Do and vegetation studies that often depend on plant diversity mesmo modo, estudos de ecologia e de vegetagao, que fre- catalogues and a taxonomic framework cannot be adequate- quentemente dependem de catalogos da diversidade vegetal ly and reliably developed. e necessitam de urn enquadramento taxonomico, nao podem serdesenvolvidos de modo adequado efiavel. The work presented here is the result of a collaborative effortof32 researchersfrom ninecountries, with the primary 0 trabalho que agora se apresenta resulta de um aim to produce a preliminary checklist of the flora of Angola esforqo de colaboragao de 32 investigadores provenientes that will serve as a basisforfurther research. Current knowl- de nove palses, com o intuito principal de produzir uma edge of the occurrence and representation of several plant lista preliminar da flora de Angola que sirva de base para families in the flora of this vast southern African country is investigagao futura. 0 conhecimento actual da ocorrencia e still inadequate, and this list will undoubtedly benefit from representagao de varias famllias de plantas na flora deste future improvement. Essentially, inventories of biological vasto pals e ainda inadequado e a presente lista beneficiara entities can never be static. As knowledge of the taxonomy certamente de futuros melhoramentos. De resto, os inventa- and systematics of plant groups improves and expands, the rios de entidades biologicas nunca podem ser estaticos. A regularly changing, but always improving, landscape of plant medida que o conhecimento da taxonomia e sistematica de classification science demands updating. It is nevertheless grupos de plantas melhora e aumenta, o seu universo de anticipated that the current work will provide researchers, classificagao tern de ser actualizado. E expectavel, no entan- students, ecologists and other stakeholders with the basic to, que a presente obra fornega a investigadores, estudantes, plant diversity information that has been lacking for Angola. ecologistas e outros interessados, a informagao basica sobre It is also expected that the additional content included in biodiversidade vegetal que tern faltado a Angola. Esperamos this book will prove to be useful, such as a comprehensive tambem que o conteudo adicional deste trabalho, que inclui list of botanical collectors who operated in Angola, and bib- uma lista exaustiva dos colectores botanicos que desenvol- liographic references relevant to the study of the flora of the veram actividades em Angola, e references bibliograficas country. relevantes para o estudo da flora do pals, se revele util. V 2 (SfTRELITZIA 22 (2008) anical exploration of Angola The literature on botanical exploration and collectors in with different collection dates. So, when the collection was Angola is extensive and mostly available in both Portuguese separated into different sets and the duplicates were distrib- and English (see 4. Cited and general literature references uted to the different institutions, those with the same collec- and internet resources relevant to the study of the flora of tion numberwere not always from the same locality or even, Angola). However, finding specific information on a particu- according to later taxonomic judgements, of the same taxon lar collector can be time-consuming as the information on (Dolezal 1974). Shortly before he died in London in 1872, collectors is scattered among several publications and other he expressed the wish that his collections be deposited in resources. Furthermore, during the course of this project BM and other herbaria, but the Portuguese government it was noted that, owing to the rather long Portuguese demanded that they be returned to Lisbon, because they surnames, the same collector is often found under differ- had financed the expedition. A court case followed, which ent names in different databases (for example, Azancot de ruled that the first set should be returned to Lisbon (LISU), Menezes or Menezes; Mendes dos Santos or Santos). On the the second set deposited at BM and the remaining sets other hand, some common surnames are shared by several passed on to other institutions (Stearn 1973). W.P. Hiern collectors (for example Silva) and if initials are not available, (1896-1901) was responsible for splitting up the collection then the correct identity of the collector can be determined and later published a catalogue of all the plants. Apart from only by assessing collecting date and geographical collect- LISU and BM, the Angolan collections of Welwitsch are now ing area. To facilitate quick access to such information, we found in B, BR, C, COI, E, G, K, L M, MEL, MO, MPU, NU, undertookthe compilation ofa listofall the collectors known NY, P, PRE, PO, STU, U and WAG., to have operated in Angola. This compilation, presented in this chapter, includes full names and (where possible) infor- Hugo Baum mation on theirdates of birth and death, period ofcollecting, herbaria where their collections are housed, localities vis- Hugo Baum (1867-1950) was the collector of the ited (as cited in the literature; geographical names were not Kunene-Sambesi Expedition, undertaken in 1899-1900. His updated) and biographical information. Herbarium abbre- life and work were recently described by Mansfeld (2002- viations follow Holmgren et at. (1990). Other abbreviations 2003). The Kunene-Sambesi Expedition left Mogamedes are presented in full at the bottom of the list. Portuguese (Namibe) on 11 August 1899 and travelled east, through or Angolan nationalities are not mentioned for individuals the actual provinces of Cunene and Cuando-Cubango. After who lived in Angola during the colonial period. We have not reaching the Cuando River in March 1900, they returned expanded or repeated descriptive texts published elsewhere and arrived back at Mogamedes on 26 June 1900. Over on the collectors. Rather, in this chapter, in addition to the 1 000 plant collections were made during the expedition list of collectors, information is provided on herbaria holding and many ofthem became types. In Warburg (1903), which collectionsfrom Angola and on typesof plant names originat- reported the results of the expedition, 280 taxa new to sci- ing from that country. The three main collectors (in terms of ence were described, with 309 collections referred to as type material) who operated in Angola, Friedrich Welwitsch, types. To these must be added an unknown number of taxa Hugo Baum and John Gossweiler, are treated separately and thatwere published later. In the Aluka database, the number in more detail below. of Baum type images (including duplicates) recorded when the site was accessed on 29 January 2008, was 1 209. Friedrich Welwitsch Baum's collections are deposited in sevWeral herbaria, namely by S. Albuquerque B, BM, BR, COI, E, G, K, M, NY, R S, and Z. Friedrich Welwitsch (1806-1872) was born in Austria John Gossweiler but took up employment in Portugal in 1839. In 1853 he was sent to Angola by the Portuguese government to collect John Gossweiler (1873-1952), a botanist of Swiss the plants and animals of that country for scientific analysis origin, collected a total of over 14 000 numbers in Angola and to ascertain their economic potential. He remained in between 1900 and 1950. He is the only botanist who col- Angola for seven years, travelling through the provinces of lected in all the Angolan provinces. His life and work are Luanda, Bengo, Cuanza Norte, Malange, Benguela, Namibe described in several publications (e.g. Exell 1952; Fernandes and Huila, collecting specimens and making detailed field 1954; Martins 1994b). The first set of his collection (study notes on their appearance, distribution and habitat. In 1861 set) is deposited at LISC. Although this set is not complete, he returned to Portugal with over8 000 botanical collections it is fairly comprehensive and contains a large number of referableto about 5 000species, about 1 000 ofwhich were duplicates registered in the herbarium as additional sheets. new to science. This represents perhaps the most significant These sheets provide an important source of information in single collection ever made in tropical Africa (Dolezal 1974). the case of rare and endemic species. Many duplicates of Finding that he was unable to identify them in Portugal, he the Gossweilercollections can be found at BM, COI, LISU, P moved to London with his collections in 1863, retaining the and K, amongothers. A problem that arises when duplicates specimens in the houses where he lived but trying to name of the Gossweiler collection are compared, is the conflicting them during visits to the British Museum (BM) and Kew (K). information on localities, habit and habitat. This may be due When Welwitsch was in the field, he adopted a numbering to Gossweiler having annotated and corrected the informa- system which is not retained on the specimens now, since he tion on the labels of the study set when he worked on the reorganised the collection in London and replaced the origi- collections in Lisbon. The collections at BM include the holo- nal numbers with a taxonomic sequence. All collections that types ofthe taxa published by R.D. Good (1926-1933) and he considered to be the same species were given the same A.W. Exell (1926-1933) in the catalogue of Gossweiler’s number, even though they were from different localities and plants.
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