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Plants and Environment PDF

284 Pages·2016·12.13 MB·English
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PLANTS AND ENVIRONMENT Edited by Hemanth KN. Vasanthaiah and Devaiah Kambiranda Plants and Environment Edited by Hemanth KN. Vasanthaiah and Devaiah Kambiranda Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Dragana Manestar Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright Hal_P, 2011. 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published September, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected] Plants and Environment, Edited by Hemanth KN. Vasanthaiah and Devaiah Kambiranda p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-779-6 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface IX Chapter 1 Enhancing Phytoremediation Efficiency in Response to Environmental Pollution Stress 1 Mohsen Soleimani, Samira Akbar and Mohammad Ali Hajabbasi Chapter 2 Morphophysiological Investigations in Some Dominant Alien Invasive Weeds 15 Nivedita Ghayal and Kondiram Dhumal Chapter 3 Alteration of Abiotic Stress Responsive Genes in Polygonum minus Roots by Jasmonic Acid Elicitation 49 Ismanizan Ismail, Mian-Chee Gor, Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein, Zamri Zainal and Normah Mohd Noor Chapter 4 Transcriptomics of Sugarcane Osmoprotectants Under Drought 89 RLO Silva, JRC Ferreira Neto, V Pandolfi, SM Chabregas, WL Burnquist, AM Benko-Iseppon and EA Kido Chapter 5 Effect of UV Light on Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis in Plant Cell Cultures Elicited with Cyclodextrins and Methyl Jasmonate 115 Lorena Almagro, Ana Belén Sabater-Jara, Sarai Belchí-Navarro, Francisco Fernández-Pérez, Roque Bru and María A. Pedreño Chapter 6 Drought Tolerance and Stress Hormones: From Model Organisms to Forage Crops 137 Aimar D., Calafat M., Andrade A.M., Carassay L., Abdala G.I. and Molas M.L. Chapter 7 Iron Stress in Citrus 165 Maria Angeles Forner-Giner and Gema Ancillo VI Contents Chapter 8 Response, Tolerance and Adaptation to Abiotic Stress of Olive, Grapevine and Chestnut in the Mediterranean Region: Role of Abscisic Acid, Nitric Oxide and MicroRNAs 179 Changhe Zhang, José Gomes-Laranjo, Carlos M. Correia, José M. Moutinho-Pereira, Berta M. Carvalho Gonçalves, Eunice L. V. A. Bacelar, Francisco P. Peixoto and Victor Galhano Chapter 9 Molecular and Genetic Analysis of Abiotic Stress Resistance of Forage Crops 207 Xuemin Wang, Hongwen Gao, Jun Li and Zan Wang Chapter 10 Salt Stress in Vascular Plants and Its Interaction with Boron Toxicity 227 Ildefonso Bonilla and Agustín González-Fontes Chapter 11 An Efficient Method to Screen for Salt Tolerance Genes in Salt Cress 241 Huawei Zhang, Gang Li, Yiyue Zhang, Ran Xia, Jing Wang and Qi Xie Chapter 12 Impact of Drought Stress on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Productivity and Food Safety 249 Devaiah M. Kambiranda, Hemanth KN. Vasanthaiah, Ramesh Katam Athony Ananga, Sheikh M. Basha and Karamthotsivasankar Naik Preface The purpose of this book is to discuss intricate problems associated with plant performance under hostile conditions. Plants are sessile organisms and are frequently exposed to extreme stresses. Therefore, they have to be considerably more adaptable to stressful environments and must acquire greater tolerance to multiple stresses. Individual plant performance varies with their magnitude of tolerance. Among the stresses, abiotic stress is known to repeatedly limit the growth and productivity of plants, which negatively affects the yield, quality and other characteristics of the crops. As plants do not posses immune system, they have evolved a complex and dynamic defense system for their adaptation in response to stress. Drought and temperature are the major abiotic stresses that affect the plants, along with light, salinity and minerals. Prolonged abiotic stress may cause irreversible damage to plant function or development. The possibilities for increasing tolerance to abiotic stresses are enormous. Progress has been made worldwide to utilize advanced tools and techniques from all branches of science in order to understand how plants respond to abiotic stresses with the aim of helping to manipulate plant performance that will be better suited to withstand these stresses. Though several projects have been developed to tackle effect of stress, many questions still remain unanswered. Therefore, an effort is made through this publication to show some of the current research and critical roles of genetics, physiology, biochemistry, biotechnology, and other related science in crop improvement for the benefit of fellow researchers. It is necessary to constantly get acquainted with the past and present occurrences in order to learn lessons that could help in the acquisition of new knowledge or the further development of appropriate technology ensuing from it. Among the high-priority research areas identified in plant sciences, developing crops with high yielding characteristics under adverse conditions is gaining attention in view of the future predictable earth’s environment and also for possible establishments of plants on other terrestrial bodies in our universe. In this book an attempt has been made to unfold some of the new findings and achievements that will enhance ongoing research and help solve some of the pressing issues in plant science. X Preface This book presents the holistic view of the affect of various abiotic stresses on plants and their response to it. Chapters offer a critical discussion on the available literature and major problems , as well as understanding of plant stress responses and mechanisms of their tolerance in detail. I honestly trust that this book will be of great help to students, researchers and professionals in various fields of science, both in academic and industrial sectors. I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to all the authors for their valuable contributions and also to the researchers who actually performed experiments and reported their findings. I must confess that it had been a rare privilege for me to be associated with InTech publishers. Thanks is the least word to offer to Ms. Viktorija Zgela, Ms. Natalia Reinic and Ms. Dragana Manestar, Intech Publishing Process Managers, yet I shall avail this opportunity to extend my sincere gratitude for their help and co-operation at various phases of book publication. I would like to express my sincere thanks to Devaiah Kambiranda for helping me in editing some of the chapters. Last but not least I express my sincere thanks and affection to my wife Roopashri Puttaramu and my daughter Sahitya H. Setty for their sensible co-operation and cheerful encouragement. I hope the information available in this book will have a greater impact on the scientific world working towards crop improvement, which will pay off one day in the survival of life form on this beautiful planet, the Earth. Dr. Hemanth KN. Vasanthaiah, M.C.A. Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University United States of America

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InTech, 2011. — 284 p.Changing environmental condition and global population demands understanding the plant responses to hostile environment. Significant progress has been made over the past few decades through amalgamation of molecular breeding with non-conventional breeding. Understanding the c
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