Plant Vacuoles: Their Importance in Solute Compartmentation in Cells and Their Applications in Plant Biotechnology PDF
Preview Plant Vacuoles: Their Importance in Solute Compartmentation in Cells and Their Applications in Plant Biotechnology
PLANT VACUOLES Their Importance in Solute Compartmentation in Cells and Their Applications in Plant Biotechnology NAT O ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics New York and London C Mathematical D. Reidel Publishing Company and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston, and Lancaster D Behavioral and Social Sciences Martinus Nijhoff Publishers E Engineering and The Hague, Boston, Oordrecht, and Lancaster Materials Sciences F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, H Cen Biology Paris, and Tokyo Recent Volumes in this Series Volume 129-Cellular and Humoral Components of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Multiple Sclerosis edited by A. Lowenthal and J. Raus Volume 130-lndividual Differences in Hemispheric Specialization edited by A. Glass Volume 131-Fat Production and Consumption: Technologies and Nutritional Implications edited by C. Galli and E. Fedeli Volume 132-Biomechanics of Cell Division edited by Nuri Akkas Volume 133-Membrane Receptors, Dynamics, and Energetics edited by K. W. A. Wirtz Volume 134-Plant Vacuoles: Their Importance in Solute Compartmentation in Cells and Their Applications in Plant Biotechnology edited by B. Marin Volume 135-Signal Transduction and Protein Phosphorylation edited by L. M. G. Heilmayer Volume 136-The Molecular BaSis of Viral Replication edited by R. Perez Bercoff Series A: Life Sciences PLANT VACUOLES Their Importance in Solute Compartmentation in Cells and Their Applications in Plant Biotechnology Edited by B.Marin ORSTOM, Institut Fran9ais de Recherche Scientifique pour Ie Development en Cooperation Paris, France Plenum Press New York and London Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Plant Vacuoles: Their Importance in Plant Cell Compartmentation and Their Applications in Biotechnology held July 6-11,1986, in Sophia-Antipolis, France Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Plant Vacuoles: Their Importance In Plant Cell Compartmentation and Their Applications in Biotechnology (1986: Sophia-Antipolis, France) Plant vacuoles. (NATO ASI series. Series A, Life sciences; v. 134) "Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Plant Vacuoles: Their Importance in Plant Cell Compartmentation and Their Applications in Biotechnology, held July 6-11,1986, in Sophia-Antipolis, France"-T.p. verso. "Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division." Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Plant vacuoles-Congresses. 2. Plant cell compartmentation-Congress es. 3. Plant cell culture-Congresses. 4. Plants-Metabolism-Congresses. 5. Plant biotechnology-Congresses. I. Marin, Bernard P. II. North Atlantic Trea ty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. III. Title. IV. Series. [DNLM: 1. Bio technology-congresses. 2. Cell Compartmentation-congresses. 3. Cells, Cultured-congresses. 4. Organoids-metabolism-congresses. 5. Plants metabolism-congresses. OK 725 N279p 1986] OK725.N37 1986 581.87/4 87-14121 ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-5343-0 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-5341-6 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5341-6 © 1987 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1987 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permiSSion from the Publisher To Nicolas and Michele These Proceedings of the First NATO/ORSTOM Advanced Research Workshop on Plant Vacuoles are dedicated to Professor Philippe Matile Through very active experimental research on lysosomes and vacuoles, Philippe Matile has made an impressive and extensive contributions to knowledge of the vacuolar compartment in fungi and plants. During the past decades, he has played a vital role in the development of Biochemistry related to vacuoles. With his warm personality he has shared knowledge, technical expertise, and enthusiasm in a generous manner with students and colleagues all over the world. vii PREFACE The papers in this book, illustating the present status of knowledge related to the vacuolar compartment of fungi and plants, were presented at an Advanced Research Workshop entitled "Plant Vacuoles. Their Importance in Plant Cell Compartmentation and their Applications in Biotechnology" held in Sophia-Antipolis, France, on July 6-11, 1986. The organizers were fortunate in being able to assemble representative leaders of all the above fields of research concerning this compartment. These scientists from all over the world were invited to present their latest results and to exchange views and plans for continued research in this highly exciting field, which is very important for the improving the industrial aspect of plant biotechnology related to the production of molecules with a high added value. To ensure maximal flexibility and opportunity for dicussion, the chairmen of the various sessions were asked to introduce their respective topics, after which they were given the freedom of organizing their sessions in a more or less improvised fashion, with brief presentations of relevant new information by participants following a schedule fixed relatively shortly before the workshop. This procedure proved to be highly successful, giving rise to most productive and stimulating discussions among the representatives of the various fields. These proceedings included the lectures by invited speakers, as well as poster presentations. The papers by W. Husemann and M. Roberts were not given during the workshop because these colleagues were unable to attend. However, they kindly provided their manuscripts for publication in this book. Certain other papers have been deleted, especially to limit too much overlapping . This is the case of the paper presented by X. Gidrol et al. on the existence of a third class of proton pump where it is possible to classify the tonoplast ATPase (see Proceedings of the XIth Yamada Conference on Energy Transduction through ATPase systems, May 26-27, 1985, Kobe, Japan). All the papers published in this volume provide a faithful image of the research carried out within this field, especially on the chemiosmotic proton circuits in tonoplast of fungi and higher plants. The papers have not been subjected to any cutting or editing, in order to preserve the individual nature of each contribution. The systems examined here by the different authors cover most of the areas where very rapid and active research is being performed : Beta, sugarcane, Catharanthus, and Hevea. This list is not exhaustive. Spectacular progress has recently been made in the methods used to isolate the vacuoles. Another very important point which is not sufficiently considered is the nature of the tissue used and its physiological condition. Nevertheless, on the basis of the information presented here, the reader should, in the future, expect for new information in specific reviews. This Workshop could not have taken place without the generous financial support of the Scientific Affairs Division, NATO, Brussels, Belgium, and DIVA, ORSTOM, Paris, France. Support from DIAA, Ministere de l'Agriculture, Paris, France, is also gratefully acknowledged. We would also like express our thank for ix the financial support of Conseil Regional de Provence et Cote-d'Azur as well as the support of the following firms : Elf-Biorecherches, Castanet-Tolosan, France; LKB-Instruments, Orsay, France; L'Oreal, Paris, France; Pharmacia, Saint-Quentinen Yvelines, France; Roussel-UCLAF, Paris, France; and Wild-Leitz-France, Rueil Malmaison, France. Particularly warm thanks are due to DGRCST, Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres, Paris, France, for their travel fellowships. We are deeply indebted to our colleagues in the staff of Department F of ORSTOM, Paris, France, for their enthusiastic help. We would like to express an especial word of thanks to Miss Michele Lanza-Marin, for her day-to-day help in all the administrative problems encountered during the Workshop. She rendered essential service in checking manuscripts, proofreading and redrawing figures. The book could not have ready in such a relatively short time without her invaluable help. The authors have contributed with grace and a high standard of knowledge. They have updated their material to the tim~ of publication of this volume. The book has been published so soon due to the efforts of all the contributors, and also to the cooperation and patience of the staff of Plenum Publishing Corporation. Finally, we have pleasure in dedicating this workshop, organized under the auspices of the Minsitere de la Recherche et de la Technologie, Paris, France, the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO, Bruxelles, Belgium, and U.N.E.S.C.O., Paris, France, to Professor Philippe Matile. Bernard Marin, Montpellier, France x CONTENTS Overview of Recent Developments B. Marin 1 Vacuoles Today and Twenty Years Ago P. Matile 3 PROBLEMS OF METHODOLOGY IN STUDY OF PLANT VACUOLES AND TONOPLAST VESICLES Methodological and Other Aspects of Intact Mature Hil!'her Plant Cell Vacuoles G.J. Wagner 7 Properties of Vacuoles as a Function of the Isolation Procedure H. Barbier-Brygoo, J.P. Renaudin, P. Manigault, Y. Ma thieu, A. Kurkdjian, and J. Guern 21 Highly Purified Tonoplast Fractions by Preparative Free Flow Electrophoresis D.J. Morre, A. Brightman, G. Scherer, B. Vom Dorp, C. Penel, G. Auderset, A. S. Sandelius, and H. Greppin 31 Analysis of Vacuolar Polypeptides from Barley Mesophyll by Immunoblotting J.M. Schmitt, E. Martinoia, D.K. Hincha, and G. Kaiser 43 A Hyperpolarization-activated K+ current in Isolated Vacuoles of Acer pseudoplatanus R. Colombo, P. Lado, and A. Peres 51 A Microcomputer-based System for the Recording and Analysis of Fluorescence Transients from Membrane Vesicles I.R. Jennings, P.A. Rea, and D. Sanders 57 SOME BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANT VACUOLES IN RELATION WITH THE DIFFERENT EVENTS DURING THE PLANT LIFE Benefits and Costs of Vacuolation J.A. Raven 63 xi The Photosynthetic Potential and Growth of Photoautotrophic Cell Sullpension Cultures from Chenopodium rubrum: A case study W. Hiisemahn 67 Vacuolar Accumulation of Organic Acids and their Anions in CAM Plants J.A. Smith 79 Osmotic Factors affecting the Mobilisation of Sucrose from Vacuoles of Red Beet Storage Root Tissue C.A. Perry, R.A. Leigh, A. Deri Tomos, and J.L. Hall 89 Distribution of Potassium between Vacuole and Cytoplasm in Response to Potassium Deficiency R. Storey, and R.A. Leigh 95 Vacuolar pH Level is related to Photosynthesis in Isolated Mesophyll Protoplasts of Melilotus alba C. Nef, G. Alibert, a.nd A.M. Boudet 99 THE TONOPLAST STATE OF KNOWLEDGE DIFFICULTIES AND STRATEGIES OF ITS STUDY Understanding Tonoplast Function : Some Emerging Problems R.A. Leigh, and A.J. Pope lQl Analysis of the Electrical Fluctuations in Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Vacuoles J.P. Lassalles, J. Alexandre, and M. Thellier 111 Purification and Properties of a-mannosidase from Vacuolar Membranes of Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae T. Yoshihisa, Y. Ohsumi, and Y. Anraku 121 Simultaneous Kinetic Measurements of Adenine-nucleotides in Isolated Vacuoles by HPLC Technique M. Hill, A. Dupaix, P. Volfin, A. Kurkdjian, and B. Arrio 127 Comparison of Two Methods for the Isolation of Vacuoles in relation to Vacuolar ATPase Activity A. Pugin, F. Montrichard, K. Le Quae, and D. Le Quae 135 NBD-PC : A Tool to study Phospholipase Activity in Proto plasts L.A. Dengler, M. Rincon, and W.F. Boss 143 TONOPLAST ENERGIZATION RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT PROTON PUMPS TO THE GENERATION OF PROTON-MOTIVE FORCE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF PLANT LIFE On the Existence of a Tonoplast-Bound ATPase A. Dupaix, M. Hill, P. Volfin, and B. Arrio 147 A Third-category and a Fourth-category H+ -phosphohydrolase at the Tonoplast P.A. Rea, C.J. Griffith, and D. Sanders 157 xii
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