Plant stress physiology

329 Pages·2012·3.461 MB·English

by  S Shabala, Ebooks Corporation

Plant Stress Physiology
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Plant Stress Physiology
Edited by
Sergey Shabala
University of Tasmania
School of Agricultural Science
Hobart, Australia
CABI is a trading name of CAB International
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library,
London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Plant stress physiology / Sergey Shabala, editor.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-84593-995-3 (alk. paper)
1. Plant physiology. 2. Plants--Effect of stress on. I. Shabala, S. (Sergey)
II. C.A.B. International.
QK754.P585 2012
571.2--dc23
2011047847
ISBN-13: 978 1 84593 995 3
Commissioning editor: Nigel Farrar
Editorial assistants: Gwenan Spearing and Alexandra Lainsbury
Production editor: Fiona Chippendale
Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India
Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY
Contents
Contributors vii
Preface ix
1 Drought Tolerance in Crops: Physiology to Genomics 1
Lakshmi P. Manavalan and Henry T. Nguyen
2 Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in Plants 24
Vadim Demidchik
3 Salinity Stress: Physiological Constraints and Adaptive Mechanisms 59
Sergey Shabala and Rana Munns
4 Chilling Stress 94
Eric Ruelland and Sylvie Collin
5 Heat Stress 118
Anthony E. Hall
6 Frost Tolerance in Plants 132
Lawrence V. Gusta and Michael Wisniewski
7 Flooding Tolerance in Plants 148
Chiara Pucciariello and Pierdomenico Perata
8 Adaptations to Aluminium Toxicity 171
Peter R. Ryan and Emmanuel Delhaize
9 Soil pH Extremes 194
Andre Läuchli and Stephen R. Grattan
10 Heavy Metal Toxicity in Plants 210
Philip J. White
11 Desiccation Tolerance 238
Jill M. Farrant, Keren Cooper and Hanlie Nell
v
vi Contents
12 Ultraviolet-B Radiation: From Stressor to Regulatory Signal 266
Marcel A.K. Jansen
13 Biotic Stress Signalling: Calcium-Mediated Pathogen Defence Programmes 291
Yi Ma and Gerald A. Berkowitz
Index 311
Contributors
Gerald A. Berkowitz, Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University
of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Sylvie Collin, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Université Pierre et Marie
Curie-Sorbonne Universités, UR5, CNRS, EAC7180, 4, Place Jussieu, Case Courrier 156,
75252 Paris cedex 05, France. E-mail: [email protected]
Keren Cooper, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private
Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected]
Emmanuel Delhaize, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
E-mail: [email protected]
Vadim Demidchik, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Plants, Belarusian State
University, Minsk, Belarus, 220030. E-mail: [email protected]
Jill M. Farrant, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private
Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected]
Stephen R. Grattan, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California,
Davis, CA 95616, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Lawrence V. Gusta, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Canada S7N
5A8. E-mail: [email protected]
Anthony E. Hall, 2922 Lindsay Lane, Quincy, CA 95971-9602, USA.
Marcel A.K. Jansen, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
College Cork, Distillery Field, Cork, Ireland. E-mail: [email protected]
Andre Läuchli, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California,
Davis, CA 95616, USA; School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley,
WA 6009, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]
Yi Ma, Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut,
Storrs, CT 06269, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Lakshmi P. Manavalan, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
65211, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Rana Munns, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2601; and School of
Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia. E-mail:
[email protected]
Hanlie Nell, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private
Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected]
vii
viii Contributors
Henry T. Nguyen, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211,
USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Pierdomenico Perata, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, PlantLab, Via Mariscoglio 34, 56124
Pisa, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]
Chiara Pucciariello, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, PlantLab, Via Mariscoglio 34, 56124
Pisa, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]
Eric Ruelland, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Université Pierre et Marie
Curie-Sorbonne Universités, UR5, CNRS, EAC7180, 4, Place Jussieu, Case Courrier 156,
75252 Paris cedex 05, France. E-mail: [email protected]
Peter R. Ryan, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
E-mail: [email protected]
Sergey Shabala, School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54,
Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]
Philip J. White, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
E-mail: [email protected]
Michael Wisniewski, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Service (USDA-ARS), Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road,
Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Preface
The National Land and Water Resources Audit has estimated that by 2020, somewhere
between 10% and 25% of currently arable land in Australia could be out of production,
and the overall cost of dryland salinity may exceed AUS$1 billion by 2100 (http://www.
deh.gov.au/soe/2001/fact-sheets/salinity.html). In addition, 67% of the agricultural area
has potential for ‘transient salinity’ (Rengasamy, 2006), which may amount to $1330 million
per annum in lost opportunities (Rengasamy, 2002). Even more severe are the economic
consequences of drought stress. Over the last few years, Australia has experienced its worst
drought in 100 years, which has shaved off up to 1% of Australia’s economic growth, as
well as resulted in over AUS$6 billion losses in crop and livestock production during
2006/2007 (ABARE, 2006).
The problem of salinity and drought goes well beyond the regional scale. On global
scales, salinity is destroying at least 3 ha of arable land every minute (Zhu et al., 2005). It
is predicted that up to 30% of currently arable land may be lost within the next 25 years,
and up to 50% by the year 2050 (Wang et al., 2003). The global cost of irrigation-induced salin-
ity is equivalent to an estimated US$11 billion per year (FAO, 2004). As for the drought, the
very recent 2011 summer drought in Texas (USA) has already caused $5.2 billion in losses to
agriculture (http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/17/us-drought-losses-texas-idUS-
TRE77G4RG20110817), making it the most destructive drought in the state’s history. Of
these, over $2.8 billion were related to lost crop production.
The above examples of drought and salinity stresses are only the tip of the iceberg.
Other adverse environmental conditions such as waterlogging, temperature extremes, soil
nutrient availability and biotic factors also have major detrimental effects on crop produc-
tion around the globe. Given the fact that most of the suitable land has already been culti-
vated, meeting a projected target of a 50% increase in global food production by 2050 to
match the projected population growth becomes a rather challenging task. Key to achieving
this goal is a better understanding of the major physiological and molecular mechanisms
facilitating plant tolerance to adverse environmental factors.
Recent progress in biology and rapid development of advanced biochemical and
molecular techniques has resulted in the nearly exponential accumulation of our knowl-
edge on specific genes under- or over-expressed in plants under a variety of stress condi-
tions. The physiological roles of these genes, as well as the integration of collective
responses of highly specialized plant cells and tissues into the overall adaptive response of
the plant in its entirety, are understood much less. This book provides a timely update on
ix