Plant Speciation PDF
Preview Plant Speciation
PLANT SPECIATION OTHER BOOKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR Natural History of the Phlox Family (1959) The Origin of Adaptations (J 963) The Architecture of the Germplasm (¡964 ) Flower Pollination in the Phlox Family. With Karen A. Grant (1965) Hummingbirds and Their Flowers. With Karen A. Grant (1968) Genetics of Flowering Plants (1975) Organismic Evolution (1977) Plant Speciation Verne Grant SECOND EDITION COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK 1981 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Grant, Veme. Plant speciation. Bibliography: p. 00 Includes index. 1. Plants—Evolution. 2. Species. I. Title. QH368.5.G7 1981 581.3'8 81-6159 ISBN 0-231 -05112-3 AACR2 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK GUILDFORD, SURREY COPYRIGHT © 1971, 1981 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. This book is dedicated to George Gaylord Simpson Contents Preface xi Part One. Populations and Races 1. Plant Reproduction 3 2. Local Races 18 3. Geographical Races 30 Part Two. The Nature of Species 4. The Biological Species 45 5. Species Units in Uniparental Plants 64 6. The Species Situation in Plants 70 7. Types of Species 77 Part Three. Genetic and Ecological Aspects of Species 8. The Genetic Basis of Species Differences 97 9. Isolating Mechanisms 111 viii Contents 10. Ecological Interactions 118 11. Patterns of Fertility Relationships 124 Part Four. Evolutionary Divergence 12. Modes of Speciation 149 13. Primary Speciation 153 14. Chromosome Repatterning in Speciation 170 15. Selection for Reproductive Isolation 178 Part Five. Natural Hybridization and its Products 16. Natural Hybridization 193 17. Introgression 205 18. The Syngameon 234 19. Hybrid Speciation 242 20. Recombinational Speciation 256 21. Hyrbrid Complexes 272 Part Six. Polyploidy 22. Polyploidy: Range and Frequency 283 23. Types of Polyploids 298 24. Factors Promoting Polyploidy 307 25. The Polyploid Complex 324 26. Natural Autopolyploids 347 Part Seven. Aneuploidy 27. Aneuploidy 357 28. Agmatoploidy 369 Contents ix Part Eight. Specialized Genetic Systems 29. Permanent Translocation Heterozygosity 379 30. Permanent Odd Polyploidy 401 31. Agamospermy 413 32. The Agamic Complex 434 33. Vegetative Propagation of Hybrids 462 34. Natural Triploids 473 Part Nine. Conclusions 35. Species and Macroevolution 481 Bibliography 489 Organism Index 541 Author Index 553 Subject Index 561
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